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Index
Pacific Linguistics 647
Title Page
Copyright Page
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
Data coding
1. Jirvaren: Stories and oral histories
2. Unua speakers
3. Trudinger data
4. Unua religious texts
5. Abbreviations
List of Tables
Chapter 1 - Introduction
1.1. Unua
1.2. Unua data
1.2.1. Earlier sources
1.2.2. Recent data collection
1.3. Unua and its neighbours
Chapter 2 - Phonology
2.1. Phonemes
2.1.1. Consonants
2.1.2. Vowels
2.2. Orthographic symbols
2.3. Phonemic contrasts
2.3.1. Bilabial obstruents: /mʙ mb p β/
2.3.1.1. Prenasalized voiced bilabials: /mʙ/ and /mb/
2.3.1.2. Bilabial plosives: /p mb/
2.3.1.3. The bilabial fricative: /β/
2.3.1.4. Velarized bilabials (older speakers): /pw mbw βw/
2.3.2. Coronal consonants: /t nd s tʃ ɾ r l/
2.3.2.1. Plosives: /t nd/
2.3.2.2. Voiceless coronals: /t s tʃ/
2.3.2.3. Rhotics: /ɾ r/
2.3.2.4. The lateral consonant: /l/
2.3.3. Velar obstruents: /k η g ɣ/
2.3.4. Nasal consonants: /m n η/
2.3.5. Vowels: /i e a o u (ø ɵ ʉ)/
2.3.5.1. Vowels: All speakers: /i e a o u/
2.3.5.2. Vowels: Older speakers: /ø ɵ ʉ/
2.4. Stress placement
2.5. Syllable structure and phonotactics
2.6. Variation and change
2.6.1. The Unua of older and younger speakers
2.6.2. Unua and Pangkumu
2.6.2.1. Consonant clusters
2.6.2.2. Consonant phonemes
2.6.2.3. Vowels
Chapter 3 - Nouns and pronouns
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Nouns
3.2.1. Common nouns
3.2.1.1. Noun accretions
3.2.1.2. Noun/verb root pairings
3.2.1.3. Preposition incorporation
3.2.2. Proper nouns
3.3. Personal pronouns
3.4. Demonstratives
3.4.1. Introduction
3.4.2. Modifying deictic/anaphoric demonstratives
3.4.2.1. Overview
3.4.2.2. Previous mention demonstratives
3.4.2.3. Proximate and distant demonstratives
3.4.2.4. Summary
3.4.3. Demonstrative pronouns
3.4.3.1. Introduction
3.4.3.2. ‘Thing’ demonstratives
3.4.3.3. ‘Person’ demonstratives
3.4.3.4. ‘One’ demonstratives
3.4.3.5. Summary
3.5. Joint and disjoint reference encoding
3.5.1. Referential identity
3.5.2. Disjoint reference
3.6. Interrogatives
3.7. Concluding remarks
Chapter 4 - Noun phrases
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Possession
4.2.1. Introduction
4.2.2. Direct Possession
4.2.3. Indirect Possession
4.2.3.1. Introduction
4.2.3.2. Indirect Possession se
4.2.3.3. Indirect Possession xise
4.2.4. Possessor iterativity, preposing and constituency
4.3. Further forms of nominal modification
4.3.1. Introduction
4.3.2. Noun compounding
4.3.3. Noun modification with nen
4.4. Constructions with nga
4.4.1. Introduction
4.4.2. Relative clauses
4.4.3. Further constructions with nga
4.5. Adjectival modification
4.5.1. Adjectives
4.5.2. Adjectival extensions
4.6. Numerals
4.6.1. Cardinal numerals
4.6.2. Ordinal number
4.6.3. Distributive number
4.6.4. Irrealis-marked numerals
4.6.5. Numeral positioning within the noun phrase
4.6.5.1. Numerals and demonstratives
4.6.5.2. Numerals and other modifiers
4.7. The plural marker rin
4.8. Quantifiers
4.8.1. Quantifiers: general
4.8.2. sobon ‘some’
4.8.3. kebeg/tebeg ‘all’
4.8.4. ingot ‘many’ and xevis ‘how many’
4.8.5. merang ‘group’
4.9. Pronoun modification
4.10. Noun phrase internal ordering
4.11. Customary respect naming
Chapter 5 - Verbs and verb modification
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Subject agreement and Tense/Aspect/Mood marking
5.2.1. Overview
5.2.2. Subject agreement
5.2.3. Tense/Mood/Aspect marking
5.2.3.1. Tense/Mood/Aspect cooccurrences
5.2.3.2. Tense/Mood/Aspect functions
5.3. Transitivity marking
5.3.1. The transitivity suffix -i
5.3.2. Person marking suffixes
5.3.3. Demonstrative suffixes
5.3.4. Oblique marking
5.4. Verb stems
5.4.1. Overview
5.4.2. Verb roots
5.4.3. Reduplication
5.4.3.1. Reduplication forms
5.4.3.2. Reduplication functions
5.4.4. Compound verb stems
5.4.4.1. Overview
5.4.4.2. Specialized result morphology
5.4.4.3. Result compounds with -toxni
5.4.4.4. Noun incorporation
5.4.4.5. Incorporated directionals
5.4.4.6. Miscellaneous compounds
5.4.4.7. Summary
5.5. Post-verbal aspect: Particles
5.5.1. Post-verbal aspect particles
5.5.2. ju ‘already’
5.5.3. mu ‘again’
5.5.4. rrobb ‘still’
5.5.5. ma ‘only’
5.5.6. ba ‘ATTEN[uative]’
5.5.7. ta(j) (ni) ‘exact OBL[lique]’
5.5.8. go nu ‘FOC[us] now’
5.5.9. Particle ordering: summary
5.6. Post-verbal aspect: Predicates
5.6.1. Introduction
5.6.2. Completive and terminative aspect
5.6.2.1. kasi ‘complete’
5.6.2.2. nog ‘end’
5.6.3. Duration iteration
5.6.4. Directional predicates
5.6.5. Summary
Chapter 6 - Sentences without verbs
6.1. Overview
6.2. Possession and provenance clauses
6.3. Equational identification
6.4. Summary
Chapter 7 - Sentence structure
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Locational expressions
7.2.1. Location phrases
7.2.2. vex ‘to’, re ‘LOC’, ji(-xi) ‘DIR-xi’
7.2.3. Inflected locational terms
7.2.4. Uninflected location terms
7.2.4.1. morix ‘near’
7.2.4.2. rivux ‘middle’
7.2.4.3. rriviji ‘around’
7.2.4.4. taraxai ‘across’, metoxni ‘over’
7.2.4.5. rroni ‘with’
7.2.5. Deictic adverbs
7.2.6. Placement of locational expressions in the clause
7.3. Time expressions
7.3.1. Time words
7.3.2. Placement of time expressions in the clause
7.4. Adverbial modifiers
7.4.1. Overview
7.4.2. Manner adverbs
7.4.3. Possibility
7.5. Unspecified subjects
Chapter 8 - Subordinate clauses
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Complement clauses
8.2.1. Complementizers
8.2.1.1. Subordinate clauses without complementizers
8.2.1.2. Subordinate clauses preceded by xini/xni/ni
8.2.1.3. Subordinate clauses preceded by nga
8.2.1.4. Subordinate clauses preceded by se
8.2.2. Summary
8.3. Adverbial clauses
8.3.1. Purpose clauses
8.3.2. Reason clauses
8.3.3. Conditional clauses
8.3.4. Time clauses
8.3.5. Manner clauses
8.3.6. Summary
8.4. Zero arguments in subordinate clauses
Chapter 9 - Coordination
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Additive coordination
9.2.1. Overview
9.2.2. Noun phrase coordination
9.2.3. Adjectival coordination
9.2.4. Go in clause coordination
9.3. Adversative coordination
9.4. Disjunction
Chapter 10 - Negation
10.1. Negative items
10.2. -jxe ‘not’
10.3. Clause-internal negation
10.4. navon ‘nothing’
10.5. Negative scope
Chapter 11 - Questions
11.1. Alternative questions
11.2. Content questions
11.2.1. Interrogative expressions
11.2.2. Interrogative items in sentences
11.2.3. Subordinate clause interrogatives
11.2.4. Summary
Chapter 12 - Topic and Focus
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Topics
12.3. Focus
Chapter 13 - Unua and Bislama
13.1. Background
13.2. Bislama terms in Unua
13.2.1. Discourse terms
13.2.2. Nouns
13.2.3. Verbs
13.2.4. Numbers
13.2.5. Particles and other modifiers
13.3. Summary
Appendix I - Vowels in verb paradigms
Appendix II - Jirvaren: Two stories
The Woman Chief (WC)
The Chief on the Island (CI)
References
Language index
Author index
Subject index
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