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Index
Christmas In Ritual and Tradition,
Christian and Pagan
Published by T. Fisher Unwin 1912
PREFACE
CONTENTS
PREFACE5
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION15
PART I—THE CHRISTIAN FEAST
CHAPTER II
CHRISTMAS POETRY (I)29
CHAPTER III
CHRISTMAS POETRY (II)53
CHAPTER IV
CHRISTMAS IN LITURGY AND POPULAR DEVOTION87
CHAPTER V
CHRISTMAS DRAMA119
POSTSCRIPT155
PART II—PAGAN SURVIVALS
CHAPTER VI
PRE-CHRISTIAN WINTER FESTIVALS159
CHAPTER VII
ALL HALLOW TIDE TO MARTINMAS187
CHAPTER VIII
ST. CLEMENT TO ST. THOMAS209
CHAPTER IX
CHRISTMAS EVE AND THE TWELVE DAYS227
CHAPTER X
THE YULE LOG249
CHAPTER XI
THE CHRISTMAS-TREE, DECORATIONS, AND GIFTS261
CHAPTER XII
CHRISTMAS FEASTING AND SACRIFICIAL SURVIVALS281
CHAPTER XIII
MASKING, THE MUMMERS' PLAY, THE FEAST OF FOOLS, AND THE BOY BISHOP295
CHAPTER XIV
ST. STEPHEN'S, ST. JOHN'S, AND HOLY INNOCENTS' DAYS309
CHAPTER XV
NEW YEAR'S DAY319
CHAPTER XVI
EPIPHANY TO CANDLEMAS335
CONCLUSION357
NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY361
INDEX389
ILLUSTRATIONS
THE ADORATION OF THE MAGI (Detail)Frontispiece
MADONNA AND CHILD13
MADONNA ENTHRONED WITH SAINTS AND ANGELS31
JACOPONE IN ECSTASY BEFORE THE VIRGIN40
THE ADORATION OF THE SHEPHERDS55
THE FLIGHT INTO EGYPT: THE REST BY THE WAY70
SINGING “VOM HIMMEL HOCH” FROM A CHURCH TOWER AT CHRISTMAS71
THE NATIVITY89
A NEAPOLITAN PRESEPIO108
CALABRIAN SHEPHERDS PLAYING IN ROME AT CHRISTMAS112
ST. FRANCIS INSTITUTES THE PRESEPIO AT GRECCIO114
THE BAMBINO OF ARA COELI115
THE ADORATION OF THE SHEPHERDS121
THE SHEPHERDS OF BETHLEHEM140
THE ADORATION OF THE MAGI154
NEW YEAR MUMMERS IN MANCHURIA161
CHRISTMAS EVE IN DEVONSHIRE—THE MUMMERS COMING IN229
THE GERMAN CHRISTMAS-TREE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY263
CHRISTMAS MORNING IN LOWER AUSTRIA281
YORKSHIRE SWORD-ACTORS: ST. GEORGE IN COMBAT WITH ST. PETER297
THE EPIPHANY IN FLORENCE337
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Part I—The Christian Feast
CHAPTER II
CHRISTMAS POETRY (I)[8]{1}
CHAPTER III
CHRISTMAS POETRY (II)
CHAPTER IV
CHRISTMAS IN LITURGY AND POPULAR DEVOTION
CHAPTER V
CHRISTMAS DRAMA
POSTSCRIPT
Part II—Pagan Survivals
CHAPTER VI
PRE-CHRISTIAN WINTER FESTIVALS
I. Sacrificial and Sacramental Practices.
II. The Cult of the Dead and the Family Hearth.
III. Omens and Charms for the New Year.
CHAPTER VII
ALL HALLOW TIDE TO MARTINMAS
All Saints’ and All Souls’ Days.
Guy Fawkes Day.
Animal Masks.
Martinmas.
CHAPTER VIII
ST. CLEMENT TO ST. THOMAS
St. Clement's Day.
St. Catherine's Day.
St. Andrew's Day.
The Klöpfelnächte.
St. Nicholas's Day.
St. Lucia's Day.
St. Thomas's Day.
CHAPTER IX
CHRISTMAS EVE AND THE TWELVE DAYS
Christmas Eve.
The Twelve Days.
CHAPTER X
THE YULE LOG
CHAPTER XI
THE CHRISTMAS-TREE, DECORATIONS, AND GIFTS
The Christmas-tree.
Christmas Decorations.
Christmas and New Year Gifts.
CHAPTER XII
CHRISTMAS FEASTING AND SACRIFICIAL SURVIVALS
Feasting Customs.
292Relics of Sacrifice.
CHAPTER XIII
MASKING, THE MUMMERS’ PLAY, THE FEAST OF FOOLS, AND THE BOY BISHOP
Christmas Masking.
Mummers’ Plays and Morris Dances.
The Feast of Fools.
The Boy Bishop.
CHAPTER XIV
ST. STEPHEN'S, ST. JOHN'S, AND HOLY INNOCENTS’ DAYS
St. Stephen's Day.
St. John's Day.
Holy Innocents’ Day.
CHAPTER XV
NEW YEAR'S DAY
CHAPTER XVI
EPIPHANY TO CANDLEMAS
The Epiphany.
Post-Epiphany Festivals.
Candlemas.
CONCLUSION
NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER I.—INTRODUCTION
PART I.—THE CHRISTIAN FEAST
CHAPTER II.—CHRISTMAS POETRY (I)
CHAPTER III.—CHRISTMAS POETRY (II)
CHAPTER IV.—CHRISTMAS IN LITURGY AND POPULAR DEVOTION
CHAPTER V.—CHRISTMAS DRAMA
POSTSCRIPT
PART II.—PAGAN SURVIVALS
CHAPTER VI.—PRE-CHRISTIAN WINTER FESTIVALS
CHAPTER VII.—ALL HALLOW TIDE TO MARTINMAS
CHAPTER VIII.—ST. CLEMENT TO ST. THOMAS
CHAPTER IX.—CHRISTMAS EVE AND THE TWELVE DAYS
CHAPTER X.—THE YULE LOG
CHAPTER XI.—THE CHRISTMAS-TREE, DECORATIONS, AND GIFTS
CHAPTER XII.—CHRISTMAS FEASTING AND SACRIFICIAL SURVIVALS
CHAPTER XIII.—MASKING, THE MUMMERS’ PLAY, THE FEAST OF FOOLS, AND THE BOY BISHOP
CHAPTER XIV.—ST. STEPHEN'S, ST. JOHN'S, AND HOLY INNOCENTS’ DAYS
CHAPTER XV.—NEW YEAR'S DAY
CHAPTER XVI.—EPIPHANY TO CANDLEMAS
CONCLUSION
INDEX
FOOTNOTES
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