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Index
List of Figures and Tables
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part I: Overview and Evolution of Foreign Policy Analysis
1 Introduction: The Situation and Evolution of Foreign Policy Analysis: A Road Map
Hallmarks of Foreign Policy Analysis Theory
Explanandum: That Which Is to Be Explained in FPA
Explanans: That Which Will Provide Explanation in FPA
FPA Is Possible and Valuable to IR (and Comparative and Policy Studies)
An Example: Waltz, Wendt, and FPA
A Road Map of FPA: FPA’s Beginnings and Three Paradigmatic Works
Classic FPA Scholarship (1954–1993)
Group Decisionmaking
Comparative Foreign Policy
The Psychological and Societal Milieux of Foreign Policy Decisionmaking
FPA Self-Reflection in the Late 1970s and 1980s
Foreign Policy Analysis from 1993 to the Present
A Road Map of the Book
Part II: Levels of Analysis
2 The Individual Decisionmaker: The Political Psychology of World Leaders
When and Which?
Exploring the Components of the Mind
Perception and Cognition
Heuristic Fallacies
Emotion and Reason
The Body and Decisionmaking
The Situational Context
Attitudes and the Mental Model—and What Lies Beneath
Approaching Leaders
Psychobiography
Content Analysis
Other Techniques
Case Study: Saddam Hussein
3 Group Decisionmaking: Small Group Dynamics, Organizational Process, and Bureaucratic Politics
Small Group Dynamics
Organizational Process
Essence
Turf
Budget and Personnel
Influence
Morale
Autonomy
Bureaucratic Politics
Stakeholders
Action Channels
Resultants
Levers of Manipulation
Coalitions
Subversion and Equalizers
The Games
Case Study: Detention of Foreign Terrorists at Guantánamo
4 Culture and National Identity
Conceptualizing Culture and National Identity
The Study of Culture
The Interface: Culture and Foreign Policy
Shared Systems of Meaning in Foreign Policy and Foreign Policymaking
Differences in Values and Preferences in Foreign Policy and Foreign Policymaking
Prefabricated Templates of Action in Foreign Policy and Foreign Policymaking
Thoughts on Moving Ahead
5 Domestic Politics
The Domestic Polity: Characteristics and Institutions
Actors in Domestic Politics
Case Study: Iran, U.S. Domestic Politics and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
Regime Strategy on the Domestic Game Board
Strategy and Foreign Policy
Case Study: U.S. Involvement in Vietnam
6 The Levels of National Attributes and International System: Effects on Foreign Policy
National Attributes and Foreign Policy
Size
Natural Resources
Geography
Demographics
Political System
Military Capabilities
Economic Capabilities
The International System and Foreign Policy
System Attributes and Their Effect on Foreign Policy
Concepts of System Transition and Transition’s Effect on Foreign Policy
Part III: Putting It All Together, or Not
7 Theoretical Integration in Foreign Policy Analysis
Cross-Level Integration: Promise and Frustration
Obstacles to Systematized, Cross-Level Theoretical Integration in Foreign Policy Analysis
Rosenau’s Pre-Theories
Brecher and Wilkenfeld: The Question of Quantitative versus Qualitative Integration
Rule-Based Production Systems
CREON II Efforts
A Promise yet to Be Fulfilled
Integrating FPA Theory and IR Theory
Neoclassical Realism
Behavioral IR
8 The Future of Foreign Policy Analysis
Foreign Policy Analysis beyond North America
Less Developed Levels of Analysis
Scope Conditions
The Dependent Variable
Methodology
Integration across Levels of Analysis
Real Interdisciplinarity
Critical Insights and Constructivism
Policymaking
Evaluation
Pedagogy
Bibliography
Index
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