Log In
Or create an account ->
Imperial Library
Home
About
News
Upload
Forum
Help
Login/SignUp
Index
Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents at a Glance
Contents
About the Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Preface
PART 1: Web Standards
Chapter 1: Introduction to Web Standards
The Basic Concepts
The Role of Standardization
The Cost of Nonstandardized Markup
Benefits of Standard-Compliant Markup
Development and Announcement of Standards
W3C
WHATWG
ERCIM
IETF
Ecma International
Unicode Consortium
DCMI
IANA
OASIS
ISO
Standards Promotion and Distribution
Groups and Associations
Staying Informed: Events and Courses
Resources
Types, Stages, and Status of Standards
The Variety of Rendering Engines
Trident
Gecko
KHTML
WebKit
Presto
Amaya
Testing the Standard Support of Browsers
Standard Compliance Tests
Comprehensive Tests
Standards vs. Quirks Modes, DOCTYPE Switching
Problem Statement
Server-Side Technologies and Content Management
Limited Standards Support in Development Tools
Major Concerns
Bad Practices
Lack of Support
Unconcern
Influential Sites
The Popularity of Flash
Well-formedness
Interoperability
Eliminated Version Targeting
Backward Compatibility
Forward Compatibility
Functionality
Device Independence
Separating Content from Presentation
Usability
Reliable Layouts
Code Optimality
Summary
References
Chapter 2: Internationalization
The Importance of Character Encoding
Unicode
Characters That Should Be Avoided in Markup Contexts
Formatting Characters Suitable Also for Markup
Special Characters
NFC Normalization Is Recommended
Unicode Should Be Preferred
Declaring Character Encoding for the Markup
Encoding Declaration in the HTTP Header
In-Document Declarations
Declaring Character Encoding for CSS
HTTP Header Declarations
In-Document Declarations
Escape Codes, Special Characters, and Symbols
Numeric References
Entity References
Checking I18N
Summary
References
Chapter 3: Markup Languages: More Than HTML5
SGML Languages
HTML
XML Languages
XHTML
Version Overview
HTML Versions and Variants
XHTML Versions and Variants
HTML5
Markup Syntaxes
The HTML Syntax
The XHTML Syntax and Restrictions
Data Types
Markup Elements
Block vs. Inline Elements
Attributes
HTML Document Structure
Document Type Declaration
XHTML Document Structure
Moving from HTML to XHTML
Specific Markup Languages
SVG
MathML
Combinations, Profiles, and Mixed-Namespace Documents
(X)HTML+RDFa
XHTML-Print
XHTML + MathML + SVG
Choosing a Markup Language
The Benefits of XHTML 1.x over HTML 4.x
The Benefits of HTML5 over HTML 4.x and XHTML
Alternatives to Web Markup
Summary
References
Chapter 4: Serving and Configuration
The HTTP Header
Internet Media Types (MIME)
Common Media Types
Serving XHTML
Serving XHTML as HTML
Serving XHTML as XML
URIs, URLs, and URNs
Persistent URIs
Summary
References
Chapter 5: Style Sheets
Cascading Style Sheets
Levels, Profiles, and Modules
Grammar and Conventions
Implementation
Display and Visibility
Cascading
Inheritance
Scopes and Structure
The Box Model
Overview of CSS Properties
Initial Property Values
Default Styles of Rendering Engines
XSL
XSLT Style Sheets
Combining CSS and XSL
Summary
References
Chapter 6: Scripting and Applications
Client-Server Architectures
Scripting and Standards Implementation
Client-Side Development
Ajax
Flex
HTML5 APIs
Java Applets
ECMAScript and JavaScript
Silverlight
Server-Side Development
ColdFusion
Java
The .NET Framework
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
SSJS
Combinations of Client-Side and Server-Side Technologies
Database Technologies
Alternate Content and Fallback Mechanism for Scripts
Summary
References
Chapter 7: Metadata and the Semantic Web
The Semantic Web
Structured Data
Linked Open Data
Wide Variety of Annotations and Syntaxes
The meta Tags
Schemas, Vocabularies, and Ontologies
Microformats
Microdata
FOAF
DOAC
Dublin Core
Resource Description Framework
OWL
Combining Metadata
Combining Vocabularies in RDF
Microdata and Microformats
Dublin Core and vCard in RDF
Dublin Core, vCard, and Math-Net
DC, IMS, and ODRL
Special Applications
Image Metadata and XMP
Metadata for YouTube Videos
Metadata in SEO
Summary
References
Chapter 8: Web Syndication
News Feeds
Really Simple Syndication
Creating an RSS File
Required Elements
Optional Elements
Subelements of the item Element
Namespaces
Styling RSS Feeds
Atom
Creating an Atom File
Containers
Metadata and Content Elements
RSS or Atom?
Summary
References
Chapter 9: Optimized Appearance
Layout
Positioning and Floating
Tableless Web Layout
Typography
Misused Characters
Web Fonts
Embedding External Content
Raster Graphics
Vector Graphics
Flash
Audio
Video
Summary
References
Chapter 10: Accessibility
Defining Web Accessibility
WCAG 1.0
WCAG 2.0
Migrating from WCAG 1.0 to WCAG 2.0
U.S. Section 508
Semantic (X)HTML5 Elements and WAI-ARIA
JavaScript Accessibility
PDF Accessibility
Flash Accessibility
Accessibility of Mathematical Notations
Summary
References
PART 2: Developing with Standards
Chapter 11: Development Tools
Feature Requirements
Text Editors
WYSIWYG Editors
Content Management Systems and Bloggers
Web Standards Support
Specific Editors
Semantic Editors and Reasoners
MathType
Markup Correctors
HTML Tidy
Tidy for PHP
Log Validator
Browsers as Development Tools
Debugging and Add-ons
Testing Web Pages in Text Browsers
View the Source Code
Summary
References
Chapter 12: Putting It All Together
Choosing the Relevant Standards
Switching Between Standards
Step-by-Step Development
Starting from Scratch
Links
Images
Lists
Tables
Drop-Down Selection Lists
Forms
Flash Content
RSS News Feeds
Making Web Sites Valid Through Redesign
Summary
References
Chapter 13: Best Practices
Appropriately Used Elements
Content in Logical Order
Reliable Positioning
Sizes and Proportions
Lengths in Relative Units
Combine Units Properly
Embedding External Content Properly
Embedding YouTube Videos as Valid XHTML or HTML5
Embedding Google Maps as Valid XHTML or HTML5
Semantic Web Best Practices
WAI-ARIA Best Practices
Mobile Web Best Practices
Providing Robustness
Declaring Fallback Generic Fonts
Declarations with Appropriate Specificity
Testing
Rendering in Multiple Browsers
Readability Without Styles
Summary
References
Chapter 14: Validation
Concepts
Markup Validation
Validating XML
Validating RDF/XML
Validating News Feeds
Validating CSS
Validating I18N
Validating Hyperlinks
Validating Accessibility
Validating Mobile-Friendliness
Unified Validators
W3C Unicorn
Total Validator
SortSite
Extracting Semantic Content
Expressing Validity
W3C Icons
Representing Technologies
Summary
References
Chapter 15: Most Common Errors
Common Serving Errors
Common Markup Errors
Incorrectly Used Elements
Incorrect Structure
Misused Tables
Nonoptimal Code Length
Element and Attribute Errors
End Tag Errors
Identifiers
Common Style Sheet Errors
Nonexisting Properties
Nonexisting or Incorrectly Used Property Values
Ignored Inheritance
Color Errors
Incorrect Locations
Transparent Backgrounds
Miscellaneous Errors
Common News Feed Errors
Common Script Errors
Common Accessibility Errors
Summary
References
Index
← Prev
Back
Next →
← Prev
Back
Next →