The Islam in Islamic Terrorism · the Importance of Beliefs, Ideas, and Ideology by Warraq, Ibn -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Preface and Acknowledgements Introduction 1- Root Cause Fallacy

Islamic Terrorism: Not Caused by Poverty or Lack of Knowledge of Islam

MA, RHF, and Education Ordinary Muslims Poverty and the Plight of Women Variations of the Socioeconomic Argument Land and Wealth: Mistaken Identifiers

Nor by Israeli-Arab Conflict

Rival Ideologies Antisemitism

Nor by U.S. Foreign Policy

Setting the Record Straight U.S. Aid The True Victims

Nor by Western Imperialism Nor by the Crusades

2 - Explanations of Islamic Terrorism

Human Agency, Free Will, and Responsibility

Fundamental Differences

Importance of Ideology as a Motivating Force Soviet Union and Communism The Ideology of Nazism Islam or the Ideology of the Islamic Terrorists

3 - Marx, Freud, and Darwin among the Jihādists

Reductionist Views of Islamic Terrorism Importance of Religion in the Middle East

4 - Islamic Doctrines as Motivating Factors

The Koran Shari‘a Supremacism The Sunna and Muhammad

The Sunna Muhammad

Hadīth Shari‘a

Position of Women and Non-Muslims

Beliefs: God and Tawhīd Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong

Forbidding Wrong By Tongue Or Hand Or Heart Al-Ghazālī on Emigration Privacy versus Hidden Sin Categories of Wrongdoing Forbidding Wrong and Rebellion

The Hereafter: Blood and Death, not Life, in Islam

Contempt for Life

5 - Jihād: Definitions, Descriptions, and Discussions

Definitions of Jihād Descriptions of Jihād

Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition, 1913 Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, 1960–1986

Discussions: Modern Scholars on Jihād

Majid Khadduri, War and Peace in the Law of Islam, 1955 Fazlur Rahman, Islam, 1966 Mustansir Mir, “Jihād in Islam,” 1991 Rudolph Peters, Jihād in Classical and Modern Islam, 1996 David Cook, Understanding Jihād, 2005

6 - Jihād: Theory and Practice

Jihād in the Koran Early Muslim Scholars on Jihād Hadīth on Jihād

Six Canonical Collections Bukhārī More on Jihād from the Canon

Some Legal Definitions: Dar al-Islam, Dar al-Harb, Dar al-Sulh

7 - The Goals of Jihād: Apocalypse and Conversion

The Mahdi The Martyr The Rewards of Martyrdom

In the Koran In the Hadīth

The Law Schools on Jihād The Spiritual Nature of Jihād Greater Jihād and Lesser Jihād

Non-Canonical Distinction Military Mysticism: Sufis Soldiers and Jihād

Conclusion

8 - Muhammad’s Campaigns and Early Conquests

The Ideology of Islam

9 - The First Terrorists? Khārijites, Violence, and the Demand for the Purification of Islam of Its Unpious Accretions

The Basic Doctrine of the Khārijites Later History of the Khārijites The Significance of the Khārijite Movement

10 - Sahl ibn Salāma, Barbahārī, and Bid‘a: Religious Violence in Ninth- and Tenth-Century Baghdad

“Fanatical Terrorism” and Barbahārī

11 - Religious Violence in Baghdad between 991 CE and 1092 CE 12 - Ibn Taymiyya

Early Life and Education Clash with Authorities and Imprisonment Ibn Taymiyya’s Character Call to Jihād Concern for Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong Ibn Taymiyya’s Anti-Mongol Fatwas Groups to Be Fought Innovations, Heresies, and Religious Minorities More Innovations Sufis and Shī‘ites Jew, Christians, and Ahl Dhimmi The Great Regenerator of Jihād

13 - The Qādīzādeli Movement in Seventeenth-Century Istanbul

Qādīzāde Mehmed Qādīzādeli Influence Influence of Ibn Taymiyya

14 - Ibn ‘Abd Al-Wahhāb and Eighteenth-Century Renewal and Reform

The Eighteenth Century Rudolph Peters on Fundamentalism and a Religious Riot in Eighteenth-Century Cairo The Birth of Wahhābism Najd and the Hanbalī Tradition Pre-Wahhābi Beliefs and Practices Muhammad Ibn al-Wahhāb (1703–1792) Influences and Some of His Doctrines

Tawhīd Takfīr and Qitāl Jihād The Bedouin Ijtihād and Taqlīd Imāma Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong

Ibn al-Wahhāb: Other Writings Real Causes and Aims of Wahhābism Critiques of Wahhābism and the Ikhwān The Influence of Wahhabism

15 - Sayyid Abu ’l-‘Alā’ Mawdūdī

Thirteenth and Fourteenth Century India Under Islamic Rulers Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindī and the Sixteenth Century Shāh Walī Allāh and the Eighteenth Century Sayyid Ahmad Brēlwī [1786-1831] Sayyid Abu ’l-‘Alā’ Mawdūdī

Mawdūdī’s Beliefs Mawdūdī on Jihād Mawdūdī and Shari‘a

16 - Brigadier S.K. Malik and The Qur’anic Concept of War 17 - Hasan al-Banna and the Muslim Brotherhood

Brotherhood Ideology Violence Necessary The Brotherhood and the Totalitarian Core of Islam

18 - Grand Mufti Haj Amin al-Husaini and the Nazis

Al-Husaini, Islam, and Violence A True Radical Muslim Hero Consolidating Efforts

19 - Sayyid Qutb

Core Ideas The Solution: Jihād

20 - Muhammad ‘Abd al-Salām Faraj and The Neglected Duty 21 - Abdullah Azzam and Defense of the Muslim Lands

Scholar’s Ink, Martyr’s Blood

22 - Ayman al-Zawahiri and Knights under the Prophet’s Banner 23 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and the Iranian Revolution

Historical and Political Background to Khomeini’s Rise to Power: Nawab Safavi and the Fidā’īyīn-i Islam The Influence of the 1979 Iranian Revolution in the Islamic World Ruhollah Khomeini An Islamic Revolution

Growing with Blood

A Constitution of Islam The Islamic Republic of Iran

A Disregard for Human Rights Khomeini’s Victims

State Terror

24 - Conclusion: “The Life of the Muslim umma is solely dependent on the ink of the scholars and the blood of the martyrs.” Selected Bibliography

A. Reference B. Koran Translations and Concordance C. Primary sources: Islamic

C.1. Life of Muhammad C2. Early Islamic Conquests C3. Koranic Commentators and other Classical Islamic scholars C4. Ibn Taymiyya

D. HADITH E. Modern Radical Islam: Primary Sources F. Secondary Sources

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