Paleobotany by Taylor, Edith L. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Brief Table of Contents Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors Chapter 1. Introduction to Paleobotany, How Fossil Plants are Formed

What is Paleobotany? The Objectives of Paleobotany Preservation: How Plant Fossils are Formed and Preserved Palynology Absolute Dating Geologic Timescale Biological Correlation Systematics and Classification Background Reading

Chapter 2. Precambrian Life

The Origin of Life on Earth Earliest Record of Life on Earth Mesoarchean–Neoarchean Life Conclusions: Archean Life Oxygenation of The Earth (2.45–2.2 Ga) Proterozoic Life Conclusions

Chapter 3. Fungi, Bacteria, and Lichens

Fungi Eubacteria and archaea Lichens

Chapter 4. Algae

Chlorophyta (Green Algae) Euglenophyta Dinophyta (Dinoflagellates) Heterokontophyta Prymnesiophyta (Haptophytes) Rhodophyta (Red Algae) Acritarcha (Acritarchs)

Chapter 5. Hornworts and Bryophytes

Early Fossil Evidence Anthocerotophyta (Hornworts) Bryophyta (Bryophytes)

Chapter 6. The move to the land

Enigmatic organisms Isolated fragments: clues to the transition to land? Land plant ancestors The transition to land Conclusion

Chapter 7. Introduction to Vascular Plant Morphology and Anatomy

Plant Organography Cell Types Plant Tissues and Primary Growth Anatomy of Stems and Roots Leaf Morphology and Anatomy Further Reading

Chapter 8. Early Land Plants with Conducting Tissue

Conducting Elements in Early Land Plants History of Discovery Rhyniophytes Zosterophyllophytes Trimerophytes Early Land Plant Evolution

Chapter 9. Lycophyta

Evolution of the microphyll Drepanophycales Protolepidodendrales Lepidodendrales Lycopodiales Selaginellales Pleuromeiales Isoetales Putative lycopsids Conclusions

Chapter 10. Sphenophytes

Pseudoborniales Sphenophyllales Equisetales Sphenophyte Evolution

Chapter 11. Ferns and Early Fernlike Plants

Evolution of the Megaphyll Cladoxylopsida Early Fernlike Plants Marattiales Ophioglossales Leptosporangiate Ferns Salviniales Conclusions

Chapter 12. Progymnosperms

Archaeopteridales Aneurophytales Protopityales Noeggerathians Progymnosperm evolution

Chapter 13. Origin and Evolution of The Seed Habit

Homospory, Heterospory, and the Seed Habit Cupulate Devonian Seeds Carboniferous Seeds

Chapter 14. Paleozoic Seed Ferns

Calamopityales Buteoxylonales Lyginopteridales Medullosales Callistophytales Glossopteridales

Chapter 15. Mesozoic seed ferns

Caytoniales Corystospermales Petriellales Peltaspermales Conclusions

Chapter 16. Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic Foliage

Late Paleozoic Foliage

Chapter 17. Cycadophytes

Cycadales Bennettitales

Chapter 18. Ginkgophytes

Paleozoic record Ginkgophyte wood Ginkgophyte foliage Pollen-producing structures Ginkgophyte plants Taxa with uncertain affinities Conclusions

Chapter 19. Gymnosperms with obscure affinities

Gigantopteridales Vojnovskyales Czekanowskiales Iraniales Pentoxylales Hermanophytales Gnetales Dirhopalostachyaceae

Chapter 20. Cordaitales

Vegetative Features Reproductive Features Angaran Cordaites Phylogenetic Position and Origin of the Cordaites

Chapter 21. Conifers

Early Conifers Voltziales Coniferales Conclusions

Chapter 22. Flowering plants

Angiosperm origins Pre-cretaceous fossil evidence Early angiosperm evidence Angiosperm ancestors Phylogenetic analyses and angiosperm origins Selected angiosperm families Basal angiosperms Magnoliids Monocotyledons Commelinids Eudicots Core eudicots Rosids Eurosids I (Fabids) Eurosids II (Malvids) Asterids Euasterids I (Lamiids) Euasterids II (Campanulids) Cenozoic floras Conclusions

Chapter 23. Interactions Between Plants and Animals

Early terrestrial ecosystem associations Herbivory Interactions with vertebrates Plants as habitat Other plant–animal interactions Conclusions

Appendix 1. Classification of organisms Glossary Bibliography

References

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