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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Dedication
Preface
ETFs in the Real World
What You Will Find in This Book
As You Begin
Disclaimer
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Questions Asked about ETFs
Part One: Introduction to the ETF Market Place
Chapter 1: How Did We End Up Here?
The History of Investment Products
In the Beginning, There Were Closed-End Funds
Mutual Funds
The Creation of the ETF
Conclusion
Notes
Chapter 2: Steps for Developing an ETF
Market Access or Outperformance?
Index Tracking or Actively Managed?
Underlying Assets
Rebalancing and Index Changes
ETF Basket
Conclusion
Note
Chapter 3: Giving an ETF Life in the Markets
Partnering with an Exchange
Specialists and Lead Market Makers
ETF Incubation
Distribution
Closing of ETFs
Conclusion
Notes
Part Two: ETF Trading and Execution
Chapter 4: Trading Volumes and ETF Liquidity
ETFs Trade Dramatically Different than Stocks
A Brief Look at Equity Trading Volumes
A Detailed Look at ETF Trading Volumes
ETF Money Flows—Don't Judge an ETF by Its Size
Where Money Flows Can Steer You Wrong
Money Flows of the Buyers
Money Flows of the Sellers
Looking at CEF vs. ETF Money Flows
Looking at MF vs. ETF Money Flows
Conclusion
Chapter 5: Volume ≠ Liquidity—Understanding ETF Implied Liquidity
Trading Model
ETF Implied Liquidity
ETF Implied Liquidity: Implied Daily Tradable Shares
The ETF Basket Implied Liquidity Scale (EBILS)
Typical Tools of ETF Market Making
Conclusion
Notes
Chapter 6: Execution
Time Frames and Order Types
Market Orders
Limit Orders
Stop-Loss and Stop-Limit Orders
Algorithms
Risk Markets (Utilizing Broker-Dealer Capital)
Creations and Redemptions
Examples of Executions in the Market
The 10 Keys to Trading ETFs
Notes
Chapter 7: Market Participants and Their Trading Strategies
Broker-Dealer Facilitation Desks
Electronic Market Making
Liquidity Aggregators
Trading Strategies
Conclusion
Note
Chapter 8: Market Structure and ETFs—Protecting Your Portfolio from Flash Crashes
Flash Crash II: August 24, 2015
Adjusting Investor Behavior
The Original Flash Crash: May 6, 2010
Summary
Notes
Part Three: ETF Valuation
Chapter 9: ETFs with Domestic Holdings
Calculating the Net Asset Value
Discounts and Premiums
Calculating the Intraday Indicative Value
Conclusion
Chapter 10: ETFs with International Constituents
International ETFs
Providing Liquidity
Conclusion
Chapter 11: Fixed-Income and Currency ETFs
Fixed Income
Innovations in Fixed-Income ETFs
Conclusion
Chapter 12: Leveraged, Inverse, and Commodity Products
Introduction to Leveraged Products
Understanding Inverse ETFs
Commodities
Conclusion
Note
Chapter 13: Structure of an ETF
Categorizing Exchange-Traded Products
ETF Regulation
Exchange-Traded Notes
Taxation
When Structural Issues Arise
Credit Limits at Broker-Dealers
When Markets Undergo Closures
Conclusion
Notes
Appendix A: Bloomberg ETF Reference Guide
Section 1: Bloomberg ETF Basics
Section 2: Finding ETFs
Section 3: Analyzing ETFs
Section 4: Holdings Analysis
Section 5: ETF Trading
Appendix B: ETF Issuers
Appendix C: An Overview of the Japanese ETF Market
Summary
Japan's ETF Market
Categories and Types of Japanese ETFs
Issues
ETF Investors in Japan
Overseas ETFs
Notes
Appendix D: An Overview of European ETF Market
The European ETF market
Notes
About the Author
Index
End User License Agreement
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