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Index
Cover
Part I: For Power Users
Chapter 1: Darwinism: The Evolution of OS X
The Pre-Darwin Era: Mac OS Classic
The Prodigal Son: NeXTSTEP
Enter: OS X
OS X Versions, to Date
iOS — OS X Goes Mobile
The Future of OS X
Summary
References
Chapter 2: E Pluribus Unum: Architecture of OS X and iOS
OS X Architectural Overview
The User Experience Layer
Darwin — The UNIX Core
UNIX System Directories
Interlude: Bundles
Applications and Apps
Frameworks
Libraries
Other Application types
System Calls
A High-Level View of XNU
Summary
References
Chapter 3: On the Shoulders of Giants: OS X and iOS Technologies
BSD Heirlooms
OS X- and iOS-Specific Technologies
OS X and iOS Security Mechanisms
Summary
References
Chapter 4: Parts of the Process: Mach-O, Process, and Thread Internals
A Nomenclature Refresher
Executables
Universal Binaries
Dynamic Libraries
Process Address Space
Process Memory Allocation (User Mode)
Threads
References
Chapter 5: Non Sequitur: Process Tracing and Debugging
DTrace
Other Profiling mechanisms
Process Information
Process and System Snapshots
Kdebug
Application Crashes
Memory Leaks
Standard UNIX Tools
Using GDB
Summary
References and Further Reading
Chapter 6: Alone in the Dark: The Boot Process: EFI and iBoot
Traditional Forms of Boot
EFI Demystified
OS X and boot.efi
iOS and iBoot
Installation Images
Summary
References and Further Reading
Chapter 7: The Alpha and the Omega — launchd
launchd
Lists of LaunchDaemons
GUI Shells
XPC (Lion and iOS)
Summary
References and Further Reading
Part II: The Kernel
Chapter 8: Some Assembly Required: Kernel Architectures
Kernel Basics
User Mode versus Kernel Mode
Kernel/User Transition Mechanisms
System Call Processing
XNU and hardware abstraction
Summary
References
Chapter 9: From the Cradle to the Grave — Kernel Boot and Panics
The XNU Sources
Booting XNU
Boot Arguments
Kernel Debugging
Summary
References
Chapter 10: The Medium Is the Message: Mach Primitives
Introducing: Mach
Mach Messages
IPC, in Depth
Synchronization Primitives
Machine Primitives
Summary
References
Chapter 11: Tempus Fugit — Mach Scheduling
Scheduling Primitives
Scheduling
Mach Scheduler Specifics
Timer Interrupts
Exceptions
Summary
References
Chapter 12: Commit to Memory: Mach Virtual Memory
Virtual Memory Architecture
Physical Memory Management
Mach Zones
Kernel Memory Allocators
Mach Pagers
Paging Policy Management
Summary
References
Chapter 13: BS”D — The BSD Layer
Introducing BSD
Processes and Threads
Process Creation
Process Control and Tracing
Signals
Summary
References
Chapter 14: Something Old, Something New: Advanced BSD Aspects
Memory Management
Work Queues
BSD Heirlooms Revisited
Apple's Policy Modules
Summary
References
Chapter 15: Fee, FI-FO, File: File Systems and the VFS
Prelude: Disk Devices and Partitions
Generic File System Concepts
File Systems in the Apple Ecosystem
Mounting File Systems (OS X only)
Disk Image Files
The Virtual File System Switch
FUSE — FILE SYSTEMS IN USER SPACE
File I/O from Processes
Summary
References and Further Reading
Chapter 16: To B (-Tree) or Not to Be — The HFS+ File Systems
HFS+ File System Concepts
HFS+ Design Concepts
Components
VFS and Kernel Integration
Summary
References
Chapter 17: Adhere to Protocol: The Networking Stack
User Mode Revisited
Socket and Protocol Statistics
Layer V: Sockets
Layer III: Network Protocols
Layer II: Interfaces
Putting It All Together: The Stack
Packet Filtering
Traffic Shaping and QoS
Summary
References and Further Reading
Chapter 18: Modu(lu)s Operandi — Kernel Extensions
Extending the Kernel
Kernel Extensions (Kexts)
Summary
References
Chapter 19: Driving Force — I/O Kit
Introducing I/O Kit
LibKern: The I/O Kit Base Classes
The I/O Registry
I/O Kit from User Mode
I/O Kit Kernel Drivers
BSD Integration
Summary
References and Further Reading
Appendix: Welcome to the Machine
Dramatis Personae: Registers
Setting: ABIs and Contexts
Flow: Opcodes
ARM Assembly Enhancements
General Concepts
References
Introduction
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