Tinnitus by Baguley, David -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Dedication Title page Copyright Page Foreword Preface Chapter 1: Introduction

Definitions Historical aspects

Chapter 2: Prevalence and natural history

Is tinnitus a universal phenomenon? Prevalence studies Incidence Prevalence of tinnitus in childhood Tinnitus in older adults Other risk factors Longitudinal studies Localization of tinnitus Seeking help

Chapter 3: Anatomy and physiology

Anatomy of the ear Central auditory anatomy Interactions with other systems Plasticity Habituation

Chapter 4: Mechanisms of tinnitus

Tinnitus and the ear Tinnitus mechanisms associated with the outer and middle ear Tinnitus mechanisms associated with the cochlea Neurotransmitters and their receptors Tinnitus and the brain Abnormal synchrony Modified cortical tonotopic frequency maps Medial efferent system Somatic modulation Analogies with pain Gaze evoked tinnitus Ephaptic coupling Stochastic resonance 5HT Auditory–limbic interactions

Chapter 5: Medical models of tinnitus

Drug-induced tinnitus Otosclerosis Other forms of conductive hearing loss Ménière’s disease Vestibular schwannomas and other cerebellopontine angle lesions Pulsatile tinnitus Vascular loops Superior semicircular canal dehiscence Myoclonus and allied conditions Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions Temporomandibular disorder and tinnitus Unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Chapter 6: Objective correlates of tinnitus

Reaction time Evoked response audiometry Auditory brainstem responses Cortical evoked potentials Positron emission tomography and related methods Studies on anatomical differences associated with tinnitus Measures of neural activity associated with tinnitus Integrating the findings and future directions

Chapter 7: Consequences and moderating factors

Tinnitus and thinking Psychological state Personality and coping style Arousal level Selective attention Sleep Family relationships Work Gender Other somatic symptoms Hearing impairment Smoking, alcohol and caffeine Environment

Chapter 8: Psychological models of tinnitus

Introduction Behavioural theories Cognitive theories Acceptance-based theory Emotion-based theory Cognitive-affective links: the changing state theory Moderators and mediators

Chapter 9: The Jastreboff neurophysiological model Chapter 10: How tinnitus is perceived and measured

Sound quality Pitch Loudness Maskability Effects of masking

Chapter 11: Self-report and interview measures of tinnitus severity and impact

Structured interviews Tinnitus self-report measures Tinnitus-specific questionnaires Open-ended approaches

Chapter 12: Hyperacusis

Definitions and related constructs Prevalence Measurements of hyperacusis Causes and mechanisms Mechanisms Treatment

Chapter 13: Traditional treatments

Surgical treatment Destructive operations Decompressive operations Pharmacological Local anaesthetics Psychoactive drugs Antispasmodics Neuropathic pain drugs Glutamate antagonists Acamprosate Antiepileptics Drugs acting on dopamine receptors Melatonin Drugs affecting the circulation Botox Intratympanic drugs Otoprotective agents Sound therapy for tinnitus Hearing aids Electrical stimulation and cochlear implants Biofeedback Relaxation training therapy Hypnotherapy Psychodynamic and supportive therapy Individual or group care?

Chapter 14: Tinnitus retraining therapy

Clinical protocol of tinnitus retraining therapy Criticism of tinnitus retraining therapy Evidence of efficacy

Chapter 15: A cognitive behavioural treatment programme

The cognitive behavioural treatment model and its rationale Psychological assessment Applied relaxation Distraction and focusing Sound enrichment Sleep management Hearing tactics Cognitive therapy Relapse prevention Self-help and use of the Internet Evidence base for cognitive behaviour therapy The third wave of behaviour therapy Who should provide cognitive behaviour therapy?

Chapter 16: Emerging treatment approaches

Transcranial magnetic stimulation Direct brain stimulation Other brain stimulation Phase shift Laser therapy Coordinated reset stimulation Other sound-based emergent approaches Acceptance-based treatments

Chapter 17: Complementary medicine approaches to tinnitus

Homeopathic remedies Acupuncture Ginkgo biloba Other CAM approaches to tinnitus Dietary supplements Stimulation of the ear Ear candles

Chapter 18: Tinnitus and hyperacusis in childhood and adolescence

Prevalence and incidence of childhood tinnitus Prevalence of childhood hyperacusis Impact of tinnitus Associated conditions Management

Chapter 19: Special populations

Acoustic shock Single-sided deafness Low-frequency noise complaint Musical hallucination Armed forces and combat veterans Functional tinnitus

Chapter 20: A multidisciplinary synthesis Appendix 1: A treatment protocol for use in primary care, audiology and otolaryngology

Primary care Secondary care Tertiary care Frequent questions

Appendix 2: Cognitive behaviour therapy

Education Relaxation training The cognitive component

References Index