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Index
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
CompTIA Server+ Certification Guide
About Packt
Why subscribe?
Packt.com
Contributors
About the author
About the reviewer
Packt is searching for authors like you
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the color images
Conventions used
Get in touch
Reviews
Section 1: System Architecture
Server Hardware
Server roles
Application servers
Database servers
Directory servers
File servers
Mail servers
Messaging servers
Network services servers
Print servers
Proxy server
Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS)
Virtual server
Form factors
Tower servers
Rack mounts
Blade technology
Server power systems
Electrical power
AC versus DC / 110V versus 230V
Wye and delta
Negative 48V
One phase versus three phases
PSU
Wattage
The 80-plus certification
Selecting the right PSU
Redundancy
System heat
Cooling systems
Air cooling and air flow
Summary
Questions
Server Internals
CPUs
Multiprocessors
Symmetrical Multiprocessing (SMP) versus Asymmetrical Multiprocessing (ASMP)
SIMD, MISD, and MIMD
Multiple core processing
CPU packages and sockets
Cache memory
CPU cache memory
CPU cache memory levels
Write-back/write-through cache
Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) servers
CPU multiplier
CPU stepping
Main memory
RAM
Double Data Rate (DDR) RAM
RAM packaging
Memory timing
Error-correction code (ECC) versus non-ECC
Dual channel memory
Color-coded RAM slots
Buses, channels, and expansion slots
Bus width
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus
PCI size and fit standards
PCI conventional
PCI-e
Expansion cards
Network interface controller (NIC)
Host Bus Adapter (HBA)
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) controller
Riser cards
USB interface and port
Configuration
BIOS
UEFI
Summary
Questions
Data Storage
Data storage devices and their specifications
Hard drive specifications
Form factors
Small form factor (SFF)
Large form factor (LFF)
HDD specification and configuration
Disk capacity – decimal versus binary
Hard disk drive (HDD) versus solid-state drive (SSD)
SSD specification and configuration
Hard disk interfaces
Data storage systems
Direct-attached storage (DAS)
Network-attached storage (NAS)
Storage area network (SAN)
SAN fabric
SAN communications
Logical Unit Number (LUN) zoning and masking
Filesystem
Operating systems and filesystems
File sharing
RAID
Striping and mirroring
RAID levels
RAID implementation
Disk quotas
Disk compression
High availability (HA)
The nines
Fault tolerance
Replacing failed components
Disk storage capacity planning
Other storage devices
Magnetic tape
Optical storage
Summary
Questions
Server Operating Systems
The network server
Server functions
Network server operating systems
Operating system (OS) functions
User/computer communications
Memory management
Dynamic loading and linking
Memory allocation
Control and coordination of hardware
The use of system resources
Internal and network file management
User, data, application, and resource security
Hardware configuration
The primary parts of an OS
The OS and hardware
Boot sequence
Firmware
Preparing a disk for the OS
Filesystems
Formatting
Filesystems by OS
Journaling
Special function filesystems
Network configuration
Configuring the hostname
Configuring a hostname on Windows Server
Configuring a hostname on a Linux server
User accounts
Creating a local user account
Creating a domain user account
Adding a workstation to a domain
Connecting to a network
Connecting a PC to a network
Adding server roles and features
Unattended and remote installations
NOS optimization
Summary
Questions
Addressing
IP addressing
IP version 4
The IPv4 address structure
Classful IP addressing
LAN addressing
Private IP addresses
Network and host IDs
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Collision domains
Broadcast domains
Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)
Subnetting
Subnets and hosts
Subnet masks
Network and broadcast addresses
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
The IPv6 address structure
Reserved prefixes
IPv6 address compression
IPv6 leading zero compression
IPv6 network ID
Address categories
MAC addressing
Address resolution
ARP
DNS
DNS search
Domain suffix
The Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)
Ports and protocols
Well-known ports
Registered ports
Summary
Questions
Cabling
Copper cabling
Twisted-pair cabling
Coaxial cabling
Network connectors
EIA/TIA 568 facility standards
Category cabling
Ethernet cable standards
Fiber-optic cabling
Fiber-optic cable modes
SM fiber-optic cable
MM fiber-optic cable
Fiber-optic cable connectors
Network cable installation
Summary
Questions
Section 2: Administration
Server Administration
Hardware administration
Network administration
Configuring, updating, and maintaining network hardware
KVM interfaces
Serial interfaces
Network-based hardware administration
Network-based operating system administration
Asset management
Information Technology Asset Management (ITAM)
IT life cycle asset management
Additional ITAM terms
System documentation
Service manuals
System and network documentation
System diagrams
System documentation
Other documents and documentation
Storing sensitive documentation
Summary
Questions
Server Maintenance
Change and patch management
Change control process
Patch management
OS updates
Device driver updates
Firmware updates
Hardware maintenance
Server monitoring systems
Light Emitting Diodes (LED) server status indicator
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) messages
Beep codes
Replace failed components
Preventive maintenance
Fault tolerance and high availability
Clustering
Active/active versus active/passive clusters
Load balancing
Heartbeat
Hot and not hot
Hot swap
Non-hot swap
Service level agreements (SLA)
Summary
Questions
Virtualization
Virtual networking
Virtual network components
Virtual devices
Virtual servers
Hypervisors
Hosts and guests
Virtual machine (VM)
Hardware configuration for a virtual environment
Virtual resource allocation
Network connectivity
Virtual internetworking devices
Summary
Questions
Disaster Recovery
Business continuity plan (BCP)
BIA
Risk assessment
Continuity of operations
DRP
Recovery plans
Recovery sites
Replication and backup
Data replication
Synchronous and asynchronous
Replication methods
Data backup
Archive bit
Backup methods
Data versus OS restore
Backup media
Media storage
Backup media integrity
Backup media retention
Summary
Questions
Section 3: Security
Security Systems and Protocols
Security zones
Firewall zones
Demilitarized zone (DMZ)
Browser zones
Security devices
Authentication protocols
Authentication methods
Point-to-point authentication protocols
AAA authentication protocols
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)
IPSec policies
IPSec modes
Port security
Port-based security
IEEE 802.1x
Access control list (ACL)
Router ACLs
Access list content
ACL types
Standard ACLs
Extended ACLs
Other ACL types
ACE types
Wildcard masks
Public key infrastructure (PKI)
PKI features
Encryption and authentication
Virtual private network (VPN)
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
Summary
Questions
Physical Security and Environmental Controls
MFA
Passwords
Authentication factors
General physical security concepts
Threats to physical security
Environmental threats
Man-made threats
Site-specific threats
Technical threats
Physical security devices
Environmental controls
Environmental monitoring
Electrical power
Uninterruptable Power Supplies (UPS)
UPS ratings
Automated shutdown of attached devices
Power distribution
PDU types
PDU ratings
Physical safety issues
Summary
Questions
Logical Security
Access control
Access control criteria
Access control levels
Filesystem access control
Access control to peripherals
Administration access control
Security and distribution groups
Network access control (NAC)
Data encryption
Storage encryption
Data retention and disposal
Erasing a disk
Formatting
Physically destroying a disk drive
Hardening
OS hardening
System hardening
Application hardening
Hardware hardening
Host hardware hardening
Network device hardening
Endpoint security
Summary
Questions
Section 4: Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Methods
Troubleshooting steps
Identifying the problem
Hardware or software?
Hardware problems
Software problems
Establishing a probable cause
Define a plan of action
Verifying functionality
Documenting findings, actions, and outcomes
Summary
Questions
Common Hardware Issues
Hardware problems
Identifying a hardware problem
Common problems
POST failure
Overheating
Processor failure
Memory failure
Motherboard and component issues
Capacitor issues
Burns
USB not recognized
Expansion bus
PSUs
Hard Disk Drives (HDDs)
Video display
Other common problems
Environmental issues
Summary
Questions
Common Software Issues
Software problems
Hardware-related software problems
Common operating systems problems
Common problem causes
User Account Control (UAC)
Windows UAC
Access control
Corrupted files
Windows file recovery
Linux file recovery
Hard disk space problems
Lack of system resources
Virtual memory problems
Fragmentation
Printing issues
Log files
Operating system monitoring tools
Summary
Questions
Common Network Issues
Common network problems
Internet connectivity
Configurations
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server
APIPA
DHCP addresses
Other misconfigured devices
Email problems
Hosts file configuration
Misconfigured NIC
Routing and switching issues
VLAN configuration errors
Default gateway not available
Firewall failure
Miscellaneous common problems
Troubleshooting tools
ping
tracert/traceroute
ipconfig/ifconfig
nslookup
net use/mount
nbtstat and netstat
Summary
Questions
Common Storage Issues
Data storage device problems
Common HDD problems
Causes of common problems
Media failures
Hard disk media
SSD media
Magnetic tape media
Optical drives
Common storage problems causes
Drive and connector failures
HDD problems
Cable and connector problems
Storage system issues
Software-related failures
Hardware-related issues
Storage array issues
Administrative tools
Disk management
Disk partitioning tools
Map, mount, and net use
Disk arrays
RAID arrays
Storage monitoring tools
Summary
Questions
Common Security Issues
Common data security problems
Causes of common security problems
Security tools
Summary
Questions
CompTIA Server+ Examination
The exam
Registering for the Exam
Preparing for the exam
The certification
Glossary
0-9
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Assessment
Chapter 1: Server Hardware
Chapter 2: Server Internals
Chapter 3: Data Storage
Chapter 4:  Server Operating Systems
Chapter 5: Addressing
Chapter 6: Cabling
Chapter 7: Server Administration
Chapter 8: Server Maintenance
Chapter 9: Virtualization
Chapter 10: Disaster Recovery
Chapter 11: Security Systems and Protocols
Chapter 12: Physical Security and Environmental Controls
Chapter 13: Logical Security
Chapter 14: Troubleshooting Methods
Chapter 15: Common Hardware Issues
Chapter 16: Common Software Issues
Chapter 17: Common Network Issues
Chapter 18: Common Storage Issues
Chapter 19: Common Security Issues
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