[The Feynman Lectures on Physics (The New Millennium Edition) 02] • The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. II · The New Millennium Edition · Mainly Electromagnetism and Matter · Volume 2 (Feynman Lectures on Physics (Paperback)) by Feynman, Richard P. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Front matter

Title Page Copyright

Introduction to the Electronic Editions About the Authors Preface to the New Millenium Edition Feynman's Preface Foreword Contents 1. Electromagnetism

1–1. Electrical forces 1–2. Electric and magnetic fields 1–3. Characteristics of vector fields 1–4. The laws of electromagnetism 1–5. What are the fields? 1–6. Electromagnetism in science and technology

2. Differential Calculus of Vector Fields

2–1. Understanding physics 2–2. Scalar and vector fields—T and h 2–3. Derivatives of fields—the gradient 2–4. The operator ∇ 2–5. Operations with ∇ 2–6. The differential equation of heat flow 2–7. Second derivatives of vector fields 2–8. Pitfalls

3. Vector Integral Calculus

3–1. Vector integrals; the line integral of ∇ψ 3–2. The flux of a vector field 3–3. The flux from a cube; Gauss’ theorem 3–4. Heat conduction; the diffusion equation 3–5. The circulation of a vector field 3–6. The circulation around a square; Stokes’ theorem 3–7. Curl-free and divergence-free fields 3–8. Summary

4. Electrostatics

4–1. Statics 4–2. Coulomb’s law; superposition 4–3. Electric potential 4–4. E=−∇ϕ 4–5. The flux of E 4–6. Gauss’ law; the divergence of E 4–7. Field of a sphere of charge 4–8. Field lines; equipotential surfaces

5. Application of Gauss’ Law

5–1. Electrostatics is Gauss’ law plus … 5–2. Equilibrium in an electrostatic field 5–3. Equilibrium with conductors 5–4. Stability of atoms 5–5. The field of a line charge 5–6. A sheet of charge; two sheets 5–7. A sphere of charge; a spherical shell 5–8. Is the field of a point charge exactly 1/r2? 5–9. The fields of a conductor 5–10. The field in a cavity of a conductor

6. The Electric Field in Various Circumstances

6–1. Equations of the electrostatic potential 6–2. The electric dipole 6–3. Remarks on vector equations 6–4. The dipole potential as a gradient 6–5. The dipole approximation for an arbitrary distribution 6–6. The fields of charged conductors 6–7. The method of images 6–8. A point charge near a conducting plane 6–9. A point charge near a conducting sphere 6–10. Condensers; parallel plates 6–11. High-voltage breakdown 6–12. The field-emission microscope

7. The Electric Field in Various Circumstances (Continued)

7–1. Methods for finding the electrostatic field 7–2. Two-dimensional fields; functions of the complex variable 7–3. Plasma oscillations 7–4. Colloidal particles in an electrolyte 7–5. The electrostatic field of a grid

8. Electrostatic Energy

8–1. The electrostatic energy of charges. A uniform sphere 8–2. The energy of a condenser. Forces on charged conductors 8–3. The electrostatic energy of an ionic crystal 8–4. Electrostatic energy in nuclei 8–5. Energy in the electrostatic field 8–6. The energy of a point charge

9. Electricity in the Atmosphere

9–1. The electric potential gradient of the atmosphere 9–2. Electric currents in the atmosphere 9–3. Origin of the atmospheric currents 9–4. Thunderstorms 9–5. The mechanism of charge separation 9–6. Lightning

10. Dielectrics

10–1. The dielectric constant 10–2. The polarization vector P 10–3. Polarization charges 10–4. The electrostatic equations with dielectrics 10–5. Fields and forces with dielectrics

11. Inside Dielectrics

11–1. Molecular dipoles 11–2. Electronic polarization 11–3. Polar molecules; orientation polarization 11–4. Electric fields in cavities of a dielectric 11–5. The dielectric constant of liquids; the Clausius-Mossotti equation 11–6. Solid dielectrics 11–7. Ferroelectricity; BaTiO3

12. Electrostatic Analogs

12–1. The same equations have the same solutions 12–2. The flow of heat; a point source near an infinite plane boundary 12–3. The stretched membrane 12–4. The diffusion of neutrons; a uniform spherical source in a homogeneous medium 12–5. Irrotational fluid flow; the flow past a sphere 12–6. Illumination; the uniform lighting of a plane 12–7. The “underlying unity” of nature

13. Magnetostatics

13–1. The magnetic field 13–2. Electric current; the conservation of charge 13–3. The magnetic force on a current 13–4. The magnetic field of steady currents; Ampère’s law 13–5. The magnetic field of a straight wire and of a solenoid; atomic currents 13–6. The relativity of magnetic and electric fields 13–7. The transformation of currents and charges 13–8. Superposition; the right-hand rule

14. The Magnetic Field in Various Situations

14–1. The vector potential 14–2. The vector potential of known currents 14–3. A straight wire 14–4. A long solenoid 14–5. The field of a small loop; the magnetic dipole 14–6. The vector potential of a circuit 14–7. The law of Biot and Savart

15. The Vector Potential

15–1. The forces on a current loop; energy of a dipole 15–2. Mechanical and electrical energies 15–3. The energy of steady currents 15–4. B versus A 15–5. The vector potential and quantum mechanics 15–6. What is true for statics is false for dynamics

16. Induced Currents

16–1. Motors and generators 16–2. Transformers and inductances 16–3. Forces on induced currents 16–4. Electrical technology

17. The Laws of Induction

17–1. The physics of induction 17–2. Exceptions to the “flux rule” 17–3. Particle acceleration by an induced electric field; the betatron 17–4. A paradox 17–5. Alternating-current generator 17–6. Mutual inductance 17–7. Self-inductance 17–8. Inductance and magnetic energy

18. The Maxwell Equations

18–1. Maxwell’s equations 18–2. How the new term works 18–3. All of classical physics 18–4. A travelling field 18–5. The speed of light 18–6. Solving Maxwell’s equations; the potentials and the wave equation

19. The Principle of Least Action

19–1. A special lecture—almost verbatim 19–2. A note added after the lecture

20. Solutions of Maxwell’s Equations in Free Space

20–1. Waves in free space; plane waves 20–2. Three-dimensional waves 20–3. Scientific imagination 20–4. Spherical waves

21. Solutions of Maxwell’s Equations with Currents and Charges

21–1. Light and electromagnetic waves 21–2. Spherical waves from a point source 21–3. The general solution of Maxwell’s equations 21–4. The fields of an oscillating dipole 21–5. The potentials of a moving charge; the general solution of Liénard and Wiechert 21–6. The potentials for a charge moving with constant velocity; the Lorentz formula

22. AC Circuits

22–1. Impedances 22–2. Generators 22–3. Networks of ideal elements; Kirchhoff’s rules 22–4. Equivalent circuits 22–5. Energy 22–6. A ladder network 22–7. Filters 22–8. Other circuit elements

23. Cavity Resonators

23–1. Real circuit elements 23–2. A capacitor at high frequencies 23–3. A resonant cavity 23–4. Cavity modes 23–5. Cavities and resonant circuits

24. Waveguides

24–1. The transmission line 24–2. The rectangular waveguide 24–3. The cutoff frequency 24–4. The speed of the guided waves 24–5. Observing guided waves 24–6. Waveguide plumbing 24–7. Waveguide modes 24–8. Another way of looking at the guided waves

25. Electrodynamics in Relativistic Notation

25–1. Four-vectors 25–2. The scalar product 25–3. The four-dimensional gradient 25–4. Electrodynamics in four-dimensional notation 25–5. The four-potential of a moving charge 25–6. The invariance of the equations of electrodynamics

26. Lorentz Transformations of the Fields

26–1. The four-potential of a moving charge 26–2. The fields of a point charge with a constant velocity 26–3. Relativistic transformation of the fields 26–4. The equations of motion in relativistic notation

27. Field Energy and Field Momentum

27–1. Local conservation 27–2. Energy conservation and electromagnetism 27–3. Energy density and energy flow in the electromagnetic field 27–4. The ambiguity of the field energy 27–5. Examples of energy flow 27–6. Field momentum

28. Electromagnetic Mass

28–1. The field energy of a point charge 28–2. The field momentum of a moving charge 28–3. Electromagnetic mass 28–4. The force of an electron on itself 28–5. Attempts to modify the Maxwell theory 28–6. The nuclear force field

29. The Motion of Charges in Electric and Magnetic Fields

29–1. Motion in a uniform electric or magnetic field 29–2. Momentum analysis 29–3. An electrostatic lens 29–4. A magnetic lens 29–5. The electron microscope 29–6. Accelerator guide fields 29–7. Alternating-gradient focusing 29–8. Motion in crossed electric and magnetic fields

30. The Internal Geometry of Crystals

30–1. The internal geometry of crystals 30–2. Chemical bonds in crystals 30–3. The growth of crystals 30–4. Crystal lattices 30–5. Symmetries in two dimensions 30–6. Symmetries in three dimensions 30–7. The strength of metals 30–8. Dislocations and crystal growth 30–9. The Bragg-Nye crystal model

31. Tensors

31–1. The tensor of polarizability 31–2. Transforming the tensor components 31–3. The energy ellipsoid 31–4. Other tensors; the tensor of inertia 31–5. The cross product 31–6. The tensor of stress 31–7. Tensors of higher rank 31–8. The four-tensor of electromagnetic momentum

32. Refractive Index of Dense Materials

32–1. Polarization of matter 32–2. Maxwell’s equations in a dielectric 32–3. Waves in a dielectric 32–4. The complex index of refraction 32–5. The index of a mixture 32–6. Waves in metals 32–7. Low-frequency and high-frequency approximations; the skin depth and the plasma frequency

33. Reflection from Surfaces

33–1. Reflection and refraction of light 33–2. Waves in dense materials 33–3. The boundary conditions 33–4. The reflected and transmitted waves 33–5. Reflection from metals 33–6. Total internal reflection

34. The Magnetism of Matter

34–1. Diamagnetism and paramagnetism 34–2. Magnetic moments and angular momentum 34–3. The precession of atomic magnets 34–4. Diamagnetism 34–5. Larmor’s theorem 34–6. Classical physics gives neither diamagnetism nor paramagnetism 34–7. Angular momentum in quantum mechanics 34–8. The magnetic energy of atoms

35. Paramagnetism and Magnetic Resonance

35–1. Quantized magnetic states 35–2. The Stern-Gerlach experiment 35–3. The Rabi molecular-beam method 35–4. The paramagnetism of bulk materials 35–5. Cooling by adiabatic demagnetization 35–6. Nuclear magnetic resonance

36. Ferromagnetism

36–1. Magnetization currents 36–2. The field H 36–3. The magnetization curve 36–4. Iron-core inductances 36–5. Electromagnets 36–6. Spontaneous magnetization

37. Magnetic Materials

37–1. Understanding ferromagnetism 37–2. Thermodynamic properties 37–3. The hysteresis curve 37–4. Ferromagnetic materials 37–5. Extraordinary magnetic materials

38. Elasticity

38–1. Hooke’s law 38–2. Uniform strains 38–3. The torsion bar; shear waves 38–4. The bent beam 38–5. Buckling

39. Elastic Materials

39–1. The tensor of strain 39–2. The tensor of elasticity 39–3. The motions in an elastic body 39–4. Nonelastic behavior 39–5. Calculating the elastic constants

40. The Flow of Dry Water

40–1. Hydrostatics 40–2. The equations of motion 40–3. Steady flow—Bernoulli’s theorem 40–4. Circulation 40–5. Vortex lines

41. The Flow of Wet Water

41–1. Viscosity 41–2. Viscous flow 41–3. The Reynolds number 41–4. Flow past a circular cylinder 41–5. The limit of zero viscosity 41–6. Couette flow

42. Curved Space

42–1. Curved spaces with two dimensions 42–2. Curvature in three-dimensional space 42–3. Our space is curved 42–4. Geometry in space-time 42–5. Gravity and the principle of equivalence 42–6. The speed of clocks in a gravitational field 42–7. The curvature of space-time 42–8. Motion in curved space-time 42–9. Einstein’s theory of gravitation

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