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Index
Cover
Half title
Introduction to Asian Civilizations
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Explanatory Note
Part Five: The Maturation of Chinese Civilization and New Challenges to Chinese Tradition
25. The Chinese Tradition in Retrospect
Huang Zongxi’s Critique of the Chinese Dynastic System
Waiting for the Dawn: A Plan for the Prince
Lü Liuliang’s Radical Orthodoxy
Commentaries on the Four Books
Late Confucian Scholarship: Wang Fuzhi
Cosmological Foundations
Wang’s “Revision” of Orthodox Neo-Confucianism
Historical Trends
The Justification of Social and Cultural Divisions
The Preservation of Chinese Political and Cultural Integrity
Gu Yanwu, Beacon of Qing Scholarship
True Learning: Broad Knowledge and a Sense of Shame
Preface to Record of the Search for Antiquities
On the Concentration of Authority at Court
On Bureaucratic Local Administration, ca. 1660
The Han Learning and Text Criticism
Dai Zhen and Zhang Xuecheng
Dai Zhen’s Text-Critical Moral Philosophy
Letter to Shi Zhongming Concerning Scholarship
Letter in Reply to Advanced Scholar Peng Yunchu
Zhang Xuecheng’s Philosophy of History
”Virtue in the Historian”
”Virtue in the Writer”
Women’s Learning
Cui Shu and the Critical Spirit
Foreword to the Essentials of the Record of Beliefs Investigated
Han Learning and Western Learning
The Qing Version of Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy
Village Lectures and the Sacred Edict
The Sacred Edict
26. Popular Values and Beliefs
Part 1. Ensemble Performance
Ritual
A Procession on the Birthday of the Sanzong God
The Great Sai Ritual of Zhangzi County, Shanxi
The Refining Fire Ritual of Shenze Village, Zhejiang
The Attack on Hell, a Popular Funeral Ritual
Opera
Mulian Rescues His Mother
Guo Ju Buries His Son
Part 2. Solo Performance
Verse
“Woman Huang Explicates the Diamond Sūtra”
“Song of Guo Mountain”
Prose
Sacred Edict Lecturing
Chantefable
The Precious Scroll [Baojuan] on the Lord of the Stove
Part 3. Written Texts
Scriptures
The True Scripture of the Great Emperor
Tracts
Selections from The Twenty-four Exemplars of Filial Piety
27. Chinese Responses to Early Christian Contacts
Li Zhizao: Preface to The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven
Xu Guangqi: A Memorial in Defense of the [Western] Teaching
Yang Guangxian’s Critique of Christianity
Yang Guangxian: I Cannot Do Otherwise (Budeyi)
Zhang Xingyao and the Inculturation of Christianity
An Examination of the Similarities and Differences Between the Lord of Heaven Teaching [Christianity] and the Teaching of the Confucian Scholars
28. Chinese Statecraft and the Opening of China to the West
Chen Hongmou and Mid-Qing Statecraft
On Substantive Learning
On Universal Education
On Women’s Education
On the Duties of an Official
On Governance by Local Elites
Statecraft in the Grain Trade and Government-Controlled Brokerages
A Memorial on Grain Prices, the Grain Trade, and Government-Controlled Brokerages
Hong Liangji: On Imperial Malfeasance and China’s Population Problem
Letter to Prince Cheng Earnestly Discussing the Political Affairs of the Time, 1799
China’s Population Problem
The Deterioration of Local Government
The Roots of Rebellion
Gong Zizhen’s Reformist Vision
On the Lack of Moral Fiber Among Scholar-Officials
Institutional Paralysis and the Need for Reform
The Scholar-Teacher and Service to a Dynasty
Respect for the Guest
Wei Yuan and Confucian Practicality
The Learning of Statecraft
Wei Yuan: Preface to Anthology of Qing Statecraft Writings (Huangchao jingshi wenbian)
Criteria for Anthology of Qing Statecraft Writings
Learning and the Role of Scholar-Officials
On Governance
The Pursuit of Profit
On Institutional Progress in History
On Merchants and Reform
On Taxation and the Merchants
On Reform of the Tribute-Rice Transport System, 1825
On Reform of the Salt Monopoly
The Western Intrusion Into China
The Lesson of Lin Zexu
Letter to the English Ruler
Letter to Wu Zixu on the Need for Western Guns and Ships
Wei Yuan and the West
Preface to Military History of the Qing Dynasty (Shengwu jixu), 1842
Preface to Illustrated Gazetteer of the Maritime Countries (Haiguo tuzhi)
29. The Heavenly Kingdom of the Taipings
The Book of Heavenly Commandments (Tiantiao shu)
A Primer in Verse (Youxue shi)
The Taiping Economic Program
The Principles of the Heavenly Nature (Tianqing daolishu)
Part Six: Reform and Revolution
30. Moderate Reform and the Self-Strengthening Movement
Feng Guifen: On the Manufacture of Foreign Weapons
On the Adoption of Western Learning
Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang: On Sending Young Men Abroad to Study
Xue Fucheng: On Reform
Zhang Zhidong: Exhortation to Learn
31. Radical Reform at the End of the Qing
Wang Tao on Reform
Yan Fu on Evolution and Progress
Kang Youwei and the Reform Movement
Confucius As a Reformer
The Three Ages
The Need for Reforming Institutions
The Grand Commonality
Conservative Reactions
Chu Chengbo: Reforming Men’s Minds Comes Before Reforming Institutions
Zhu Yixin: Fourth Letter in Reply to Kang Youwei
Ye Dehui: The Superiority of China and Confucianism
Tan Sitong
The Study of Humanity
Reform Edict of January 29, 1901
Liang Qichao
Renewing the People
“The Consciousness of Rights”
“The Concept of the Nation”
Liang Qichao and the New Press
Inaugural Statement for the Eastern Times (Shibao)
Advocates of Script Reform
Song Shu: Illiteracy in China
Lu Zhuangzhang’s Attempt at Romanization
Shen Xue’s Universal Script
Wang Zhao’s “Mandarin Letters”
Zhang Binglin’s Revolutionary Nationalism
Letter Opposing Kang Youwei’s Views on Revolution
32. The Nationalist Revolution
Sun Yat-sen and the Nationalist Revolution
Hu Hanmin
“The Six Principles of the People’s Report”
Sun Yat-sen
The Three People’s Principles
The Principle of Democracy
The People’s Livelihood
The Three Stages of Revolution
Democracy and Absolutism: The Debate Over Political Tutelage
Luo Longji: What Kind of Political System Do We Want?
Jiang Tingfu: “Revolution and Absolutism”
Hu Shi: “National Reconstruction and Absolutism”
Chiang Kai-shek: Nationalism and Traditionalism
Chiang Kai-shek: Essentials of the New Life Movement
China’s Destiny
Jiang Jingguo (Chiang Ching-kuo): The Republic of China in Taiwan
The Evolution of Constitutional Democracy in Taiwan
Implementing “The Three People’s Principles”
33. The New Culture Movement
The Attack on Confucianism
Chen Duxiu: “The Way of Confucius and Modern Life”
The Literary Revolution
Hu Shi: “A Preliminary Discussion of Literary Reform”
Chen Duxiu: “On Literary Revolution”
Hu Shi: “Constructive Literary Revolution—A Literature of National Speech”
The Doubting of Antiquity
Gu Jiegang: Preface to Debates on Ancient History (1926)
A New Philosophy of Life
Chen Duxiu: The True Meaning of Life
Hu Shi: “Pragmatism”
The Debate on Science and the Philosophy of Life
Zhang Junmai: “The Philosophy of Life”
Ding Wenjiang: “Metaphysics and Science”
Wu Zhihui: “A New Concept of the Universe and Life Based on a New Belief”
Hu Shi: Science and Philosophy of Life
The Controversy Over Chinese and Western Cultures
Liang Qichao: “Travel Impressions from Europe”
Liang Shuming: Chinese Civilization vis-a-vis Eastern and Western Philosophies
Reconstructing the Community
Hu Shi: Our Attitude Toward Modern Western Civilization
Sa Mengwu, He Bingsong, and Others: “Declaration for Cultural Construction on a Chinese Basis”
Hu Shi: Criticism of the “Declaration for Cultural Construction on a Chinese Basis”
Radical Critiques of Traditional Society
He Zhen: “What Women Should Know About Communism”
Women’s Revenge
Han Yi: “Destroying the Family”
34. The Communist Revolution
The Seedbed of the Communist Revolution: The Peasantry and the Anarcho-Communist Movement
Liu Shipei: “Anarchist Revolution and Peasant Revolution”
Li Dazhao: The Victory of Bolshevism
Mao’s Revolutionary Doctrine
“Report on an Investigation of the Hunan Peasant Movement”
“The Question of Land Redistribution”
The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party
The Mass Line
On New Democracy
The Dictatorship of the People’s Democracy
35. Chinese Communist Praxis
Liu Shaoqi: How to Be a Good Communist
Mao Zedong: The Rectification Campaign
Report of the Propaganda Bureau of the Central Committee on the Zhengfeng Reform Movement, April 1942
Wang Shiwei: “Wild Lily”
Liu Shaoqi: “On Inner-Party Struggle”
Mao Zedong: “Combat Liberalism”
Mao Zedong: “On Art and Literature”
Wang Shiwei: “Political Leaders, Artists”
Ding Ling: “Thoughts on March 8, 1942”
36. The Mao Regime
Establishment of the People’s Republic
Mao Zedong: “Leaning to One Side”
Mao Zedong: “Stalin Is Our Commander”
Guo Moruo: Ode to Stalin—“Long Live Stalin” on His Seventieth Birthday, 1949
Ji Yun: “How China Proceeds with the Task of Industrialization” (1953)
Li Fuqun: “Report on the First Five-Year Plan for Development of the National Economy of the People’s Republic of China in 1953–1957, July 5 and 6, 1955”
Changes in Mid-Course
Mao Zedong: “The Question of Agricultural Cooperation,” July 31, 1955
Mao Zedong: “On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People”
Liu Binyan: “A Higher Kind of Loyalty”
Intellectual Opinions from the Hundred Flowers Period
Mao Zedong: Remarks at the Beidaihe Conference, August 1958
Peng Dehuai: “Letter of Opinion” to Mao Zedong on the Great Leap Forward, July 1959
Wu Han: “Hai Rui Scolds the Emperor,” June 19, 1959
The Cultural Revolution
The Sixteen Points: Guidelines for the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong
“What Have Song Shuo, Lu Ping, and Peng Peiyun Done in the Cultural Revolution?”
Red Guard Memoirs
Wang Xizhe, Li Zhengtian, Chen Yiyang, Guo Hongzhi: “The Li Yi Zhe Poster,” November 1974
Part Seven: The Return to Stability and Tradition
37. Deng’s “Modernization”; and Its Critics
The Turn to Stability and Modernization
Zhou Enlai: “Report on the Work of the Government,” delivered on January 13, 1975, at the First Session of the Fourth National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China
Communiqué of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, December 22, 1978
Yu Qiuli: “The Relationship Between Politics and Economics”
“Uphold the Four Basic Principles,” Speech by Deng Xiaoping, March 30, 1979
“Building Socialist Spiritual Civilization,” Letter from Li Chang, Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to a Member of the Party Central Committee, December 1980
Office of the CCP Dehong Dai Nationality and Qingbo Autonomous Zhou Committee: “Several Questions in Strengthening and Perfecting the Job Responsibility Systems of Agricultural Production,” November 7, 1980
Early Critiques of the Deng Regime
Publication Statement, Beijing Spring Magazine, January 1979
Wei Jingsheng: The Fifth Modernization—Democracy, 1978
Democracy or New Dictatorship, Exploration, March 1979
Wall Poster from the April Fifth Forum
Hu Ping: “On Freedom of Speech,” Written for His Successful 1980 Campaign to Become Beijing University’s Delegate to the Haidian District People’s Assembly
Wang Ruoshui: “Discussing the Question of Alienation”
Wang Ruoshui: “In Defense of Humanism”
Assessing the New Policies
Deng Xiaoping: “Build Socialism with Chinese Characteristics”
Chen Yun: Speech Given at the Chinese Communist National Representative Conference, September 23, 1985
New Demands for Change and Democracy
Fang Lizhi: Democracy, Reform, and Modernization
Fang Lizhi: “Reform and Intellectuals,” Talk Given in 1986
Fang Lizhi: “The Social Responsibility of Today’s Intellectuals,” Speech Given at Beijing University, November 4, 1985
Li Xiaojiang: “Awakening of Women’s Consciousness”
The New Authoritarianism
Wu Jiaxiang: “An Outline for Studying the New Authoritarianism,” May 1989
Rong Jian: “Does China Need an Authoritarian Political System in the Course of Modernization?,” May 1989
Yan Jiaqi: “How China Can Become Prosperous”
38. Twentieth-Century Christianity in China
Ma Xiangbo
Religion and the State
Religion and Culture
Zhao Zichen
“Present-Day Religious Thought and Life in China”
Leadership and Citizenship Training
Wu Yaozong
“The Present-Day Tragedy of Christianity”
“The Reformation of Christianity”
The Christian Manifesto
Wang Mingdao
“We, Because of Faith”
Wu Jingxiong: Christianity and Chinese Tradition
“Beyond East and West”
“The Lotus and the Mud”
39. Reopening the Debate on Chinese Tradition
The New Confucians
Xiong Shili
Manifesto for a Reappraisal of Sinology and the Reconstruction of Chinese Culture
Mou Zongsan’s Confucian Philosophy
The Sensitivity and Steadfastness of Humaneness (ren)
Feng Youlan: “China—An Ancient Nation with a New Mission”
The Continuing Critique of Tradition
Bo Yang: “The Ugly Chinaman”
Sun Longji: “The Deep Structure of Chinese Culture”
Su Xiaokang and Wang Luxiang: “River Elegy,” a Television Documentary
Li Zehou: “A Reevaluation of Confucianism”
Gu Mu: Confucianism as the Essence of Chinese Tradition
Bibliography
Index
Series List
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