The Everything® Einstein Book by Priwer, Shana -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Dedication Contents Acknowledgments Top Ten Impacts of Einstein’s Life and Work Introduction 1 Why Einstein?

Einstein’s Impact Why Does Science Matter? The Scientific Method Einstein’s Public Role Einstein’s Science Humanitarian Efforts Einstein’s Legacy Why Do We Care about Einstein?

2 Early Life

The Preschool Years First Science: The Compass Einstein the Musician The Importance of Family The School Years First Breakthrough: Proving the Pythagorean Theorem The Impact of Euclid Einstein’s Study of Philosophy Einstein’s Childhood Legacy

3 Scientific and Cultural Background of Einstein’s Time

General Nineteenth-Century Views of Science Newton’s Laws of Mechanics Early Studies of Electricity James Maxwell and His Equations Ernst Mach (1838—1916) New Forms of Transportation Innovation in Sound

4 Education and Later Life

The Move to Italy ETH: First Attempt ETH: Second (Successful) Attempt Einstein in Love Facing the Odds: Children and Parents The Science of Relationships Life Beyond the ETH

5 The Photoelectric Effect

The Photoelectric Effect A Surprising Result The Electron Lenard’s Experiments A Paradox Black Body Radiation Planck’s Quanta Einstein’s Solution A Solution to Lenard’s Problems

6 Special Relativity

Classical Physics The Speed of Light Early Relativity Problems with Newton’s and Maxwell’s Views of the Universe Einstein’s Solution The Relative Train No More Ether Some Puzzles of Special Relativity

7 Energy and Mass

Momentum and Work Energy Relativistic Addition of Velocities Conserving Momentum Einstein’s Solution Kinetic Energy of Relativistic Particles Nuclear Physics

8 Other Major Early Papers

Discovery of Brownian Motion Atomic and Kinetic Theory Thermodynamics Einstein’s Solution Molecular Dimensions Avogadro’s Number Other Early Science

9 Einstein’s Contemporaries

Atmosphere in the Early Twentieth Century Louis de Broglie (1892—1987) Niels Bohr (1885—1962) Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858—1947) Marie Curie (1867—1934) Leo Szilard (1898—1964) Literature and Philosophy of the Period

10 Background on the General Theory of Relativity

Special Versus General Relativity Galileo’s Principle Newton’s Discoveries Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation Cavendish Measures G Refinements to Gravitational Theory Einstein Searches for a More General Theory

11 Einstein in Berlin

First University Appointment Working at the Patent Office Major Life Changes The Glorious Return to the ETH World War I The Move to Berlin More Life Changes Einstein’s Divorce Einstein and the Bauhaus The Formation of Einstein’s Political Life

12 Einstein and the General Theory of Relativity

Einstein’s Principle of Equivalence Bending of Light in a Gravitational Field Gravitational Redshift Time and Altitude The Curvature of Space The Perihelion of Mercury The Final Form of General Relativity

13 Quantum Theory and Einstein’s Role

What Is Quantum Theory? The Discovery of Quanta Atomic Structure Quantum Theory Joins Atomic Theory Old Quantum Theory The Matrix Formulation of Quantum Mechanics The Wavefunction Formulation of Quantum Mechanics Einstein’s Response The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle The Bohr-Einstein Debates Einstein’s Search for a Better Theory

14 Cosmology

An Extension of General Relativity The Cosmological Principle A Surprising Result The Expanding Universe A New Model of the Universe The Origin, and Fate, of the Universe The Steady-State Theory Disproved Black Holes

15 Later Years–Effects of the Nuclear Age

Einstein in America Sowing the Seeds of Pacifism World War II in Summary Nuclear Research Defense Against the Germans Educating the Public Los Alamos and the Manhattan Project Leading to Hiroshima Legacy of Hiroshima

16 Later Years–Family and Humanitarianism

Einstein’s Children Einstein’s Sister Einstein’s Grandchildren Citizenship Ties to Israel Commitment to Peace Einstein and the Idea of World Government

17 Unified Field Theory

A United Theory The Basics Einstein’s Difficulty The Standard Model Einstein’s Contemporaries Current Research: Symmetry Theories Grand Unified Theory How Unified Field Theory Affects Us

18 Einstein and Religion

A Primer on Judaism Zionists Find a Home What Makes Judaism Unique? A Call to Action Einstein and Jewish Values Einstein’s Place in the Jewish Ranks Einstein’s God Judaism and Science Religion and Government Judaism and Education

19 Applications of Einstein’s Theories

Gravity Probe B Perihelion of Mercury Unified Field Theory Black Holes and Cosmology Gravitational Lensing Bose-Einstein Condensate Global Positioning Systems Cosmological Constant Quantum Theory

20 Einstein’s Other Science

The Noiseless Refrigerator Einstein’s Other Inventions Why Is the Sky Blue? Solving the Riddle Later Developments in General Relativity Einstein’s Scientific Impact

21 Einstein’s Legacy

Impact Within the World of Science Impact on the World at Large Einstein in Popular Media Fellowships and Monuments in Einstein’s Name Einstein as a Representative for Scientists Perception Changed Fundamental Reasons Behind Einstein’s Popularity

Appendix A • Glossary Appendix B • Timeline of Einstein’s Life Copyright