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Index
Front Matter
Cover Page
LearningCurve
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Authors
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 The Revealing Science of Social Psychology
The Roots of Social Psychology
An Instinct-Based View of Human Behavior
Psychoanalytic Theory: The Hidden Desires That Guide Behavior
Behaviorism: Behavior Is Shaped by Experience
The Emergence of Modern Social Psychology
Toward an Integrated Perspective on Human Behavior
The Four Core Assumptions of Social Psychology
1. Behavior Is a Joint Product of the Person and the Situation
2. Behavior Depends on a Socially Constructed View of Reality
3. Behavior Is Strongly Influenced by Our Social Cognition
4. The Best Way to Understand Social Behavior Is to Use the Scientific Method
Cultural Knowledge: The Intuitive Encyclopedia
Explaining Behavior Through Introspection
People Don’t Always Tell the Truth
People Often Don’t Really Know What They Think They Know
Explaining Behavior Using Intuitive Observation
Our Observations Come from Our Own Unique and Limited Perspective
Our Reasoning Processes May Be Biased to Confirm What We Set Out to Assess
The Act of Observing May Change the Behavior We Seek to Explain
The Scientific Method: Systematizing the Acquisition of Knowledge
The Cycle of Theory and Research in Social Psychology
Stereotype Threat: Case Study of a Theory
Research: The Correlational Method
The Correlation Coefficient
Correlation Does Not Imply Causation
Longitudinal Studies
Research: The Experimental Method
How Experiments Make Causal Inference Possible
Controlling the Impact of Individual Differences by Random Assignment
Experimental and Correlational Research in Concert
Field Research and Quasi-Experimental Methods
Theory Building: The Engine of Scientific Progress
What Makes for a Good Theory in Social Psychology?
Organizes Observations
Explains Observations
Provides Direction for Research
Generates New Questions
Has Practical Value
Assessing Abstract Theories with Concrete Research
Measuring and Manipulating What We Intend
Can the Findings Be Generalized?
Can the Findings Be Replicated?
The Limitations of Science
Ethical Considerations in Research
Harming Research Participants
Deceiving Research Participants
Ethical Safeguards
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Social Behavior
Evolution: How Living Things Change over Time
Natural Selection
Survival of the Fittest: Yes, but What Is Fittest?
General Adaptations of the Cultural Animal
Humans Are Social Beings
Humans Are Very Intelligent Beings
Imagination: The Possibility of Possibilities
Symbolic Thought and Language: The Great Liberators
The Self
Conscious and Nonconscious Aspects of Thinking
Humans Are Motivated, Goal-Striving Beings
Needs and Goals
Hedonism: Approaching Pleasure, Avoiding Pain
The Two Fundamental Psychological Motives: Security and Growth
Application: An Example of the Hierarchy of Goals: Rita and Her Shoelaces
Humans Are Very Emotional Beings
The Wide-Ranging Palette of Emotions
How Cognitions Influence Emotions
How Emotions Affect Cognition
Culture: The Uniquely Human Adaptation
What Is Culture?
The Common yet Distinctive Elements of Culture
Out in the World: Food for Body, Mind, and Soul
Culture as Creative Adaptation
Cultural Diffusion: Spreading the Word
Cultural Transmission
How Culture Helps Us Adapt
Culture and the Natural Environment
Application: Cultural Ripples of Environmental Change
Culture, Cognition, and Perception
Culture and the Social Environment
The Uncertainties of Group Living
How Individuals Relate to Each Other: Individualism/Collectivism
The Nature of the Self
Fitting In and Sticking Out
Emotion
Modernization and Cultural Values
Culture and the Metaphysical Environment
Creation Stories
Institutions, Symbols, and Rituals: Worldview Transmission and Maintenance
Bases of Self-Worth: Standards, Values, Social Roles, and Self-Esteem
Striving for Immortality
The Essential Role of Social Validation
The Threat of Other Cultures: A Root Cause of Prejudice
Empirical Tests of TMT
Defending the Worldview
The Protective Shield of Cultural Beliefs
Is Death the Factor Responsible for These Findings?
Culture as a Synthesis of Human-Created Adaptations
Application: Culture and Thinking Styles
Culture in the Round: Central Issues
Does Culture Illuminate or Obscure Reality?
Is Culture a Good or Bad Thing?
Is There Just One Culture? Beyond a Monolithic View
At the Movies: Black Robe
Chapter 3 The Core Elements of Social Cognition
The “Why” of Social Cognition: The Motives Behind Thinking
The “How” of Social Cognition: Two Ways to Think About the Social World
The Strange Case of Facilitated Communication
Dual Process Theories
Application: Two Routes to Engaging in Risky Health Behavior
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes
Automaticity and Controlled Processes
The Smart Unconscious
Application: Can the Unconscious Help Us Make Better Health Decisions?
The “What” of Social Cognition: Schemas as the Cognitive Building Blocks of Knowledge
Knowledge Is Stored in Mental Structures Called Schemas
Scripts: Schemas About Events
Impressions: Schemas About People
Schemas Can Change
Where Do Schemas Come From? Cultural Sources of Knowledge
Rumors and Gossip
Mass Media Biases
How Do Schemas Work? Accessibility and Priming of Schemas
Can Priming Change Our Impressions of Others?
Can Priming Change Our Behavior?
Application: Using Priming to Prevent Infection
Confirmation Bias: How Schemas Alter Perceptions and Shape Reality
Application: Confirmation Bias and Climate Change
When Objective Information Is Used to Justify Bias
Biased Information Gathering
The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Limits on the Power of Confirmation Biases
Out in the World: A Scary Implication: The Tyranny of Negative Labels
Beyond Schemas: Metaphor’s Influence on Social Thought
Returning to the “Why”: Motivational Factors in Social Cognition and Behavior
Priming and Motivation
Motivated Social Cognition
The Need for Accuracy
The Need to Reach Closure Quickly
At the Movies: Pi
The Need to Validate What We Already Believe
Application: “Seeing” the Play
Mood and Social Judgment
The Next Step Toward Understanding Social Understanding
Chapter 4 Thinking About People and Events
Remembering Things Past
How Are Memories Formed?
How Do We Remember?
Memory for Schema-Consistent and Schema-Inconsistent Information
The Misinformation Effect
Application: Eyewitness Testimony
The Availability Heuristic and Ease of Retrieval
Application: What Is Your Risk of Disease?
Inferring Cause and Effect in the Social World
Common Sense Psychology
Basic Dimensions of Causal Attribution
Application: School Performance and Causal Attribution
Fixed and Incremental Mind-Sets
Automatic Processes in Causal Attribution
The Fundamental Attribution Error
Application: Judging Others
How Fundamental Is the FAE?
Application: Finger-Pointing
Does the FAE Occur Across Cultures?
Dispositional Attribution: A Three-Stage Model
Elaborate Attributional Processes
Causal Hypothesis Testing
Three Kinds of Information: Consistency, Distinctiveness, and Consensus
At the Movies: Casablanca
Motivational Bias in Attribution
Out in the World: “Magical” Attributions
Forming Impressions of People
Beginning with the Basics: Perceiving Faces, Physical Attributes, and Group Membership
Impression Formation
Building an Impression from the Bottom Up: Decoding the Behaviors and Minds of Others
Building an Impression from the Top Down: Perceiving Others Through Schemas
Stereotypes and Individuation
Changing First Impressions
What If, If Only: Counterfactual Thinking
The More Easily We Can Mentally Undo an Event, the Stronger Our Reaction to It
Application: Awarding Damages
Upward Counterfactuals
Downward Counterfactuals
Upward and Downward Counterfactuals and Personal Accomplishments: The Thrill of Victory, the Agony of Defeat
Is It Better to Generate Upward or Downward Counterfactuals?
Chapter 5 The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self
External Influences on the Self-Concept
The Influence of Culture on the Self-Concept
The Influence of Gender on the Self-Concept
Stable and Malleable Aspects of the Self-Concept
How Do We Come to Know the Self?
Reflected Appraisals: Seeing Ourselves Through the Eyes of Others
Errors in Reflected Appraisals
Social Comparison: Knowing the Self Through Comparison with Others
Errors in Social Comparison
Correcting Errors of Comparison
Self-Perception Theory: Knowing the Self by Observing One’s Own Behavior
Using One’s Movements to Know the Self
Errors of Self-Perception
Using the Self to Know One’s Feelings
At the Movies: The Self Lost or Found in Black Swan
Self-Regulation: Here’s What the “I” Can Do for You
Self-Awareness and Self-Regulation
Self-Awareness Promotes Behaving in Line with Internal Standards
Application: Escaping from Self-Awareness
What Feelings Does Self-Awareness Arouse?
Staying on Target: How Goals Motivate and Guide Action
Pursuing Goals: Desire and Attainability
Activating Goals: Getting Turned On
Defining Goals as Concrete or Abstract
Self-Regulation and the Psychology of Time
Basing Decisions on Abstract Versus Concrete Ideas
Predicting How We’ll Feel
Making Better Forecasts
Self-Regulatory Challenges
Willpower: Running Hot and Cool
Out in the World: Neurological Underpinnings of Self-Regulation
Trying Too Hard: Ironic Process Theory
Possible Causes of the Rebound Effect
Minimizing Ironic Processing
Insufficient Energy or Diminished Motivation
Ego Depletion: Mental Fatigue Is Like Muscle Fatigue
Critiques of the Ego Depletion Concept
Getting Our Emotions Under Control
Application: What Happened to Those New Year’s Resolutions? Implementing and Maintaining Your Good Intentions
Application: The Power of Prevention
When We Can’t Let Go: Self-Regulatory Perseveration and Depression
Chapter 6 The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth
The Motive to Maintain a Consistent Self
Self-Consistency at the Micro Level: Cognitive Dissonance Theory
The Free Choice Paradigm
The Induced Compliance Paradigm
Factors That Affect the Magnitude of Dissonance
Cultural Influences
Applications of Dissonance Theory
Out in the World: Dissonance can Make for Better Soldiers
Self-Consistency at the Macro Level: Sustaining a Sense of the Self as a Unified Whole
Self-Consistency Across Situations
My Story: Self-Consistency Across Time
Application: Stories That Heal
Application: Educational Achievement
The Self-Esteem Motive: Establishing and Defending One’s Value
What Is Self-Esteem, and Where Does It Come From?
Maintaining and Defending Self-Esteem
Self-Serving Attributions
Self-Handicapping
The Better Than Average Effect
Projection
Symbolic Self-Completion
Compensation and Self-Affirmation
Social Comparison and Identification
Application: An Example of Everyday Self-Esteem Defenses—Andrea’s Day
Why Do People Need Self-Esteem?
Self-Esteem as an Anxiety-Buffer
Social Functions of Self-Esteem
The Influence of Treatment by Others: Ostracism
Protecting and Enhancing Self-Esteem: Cultural Differences
Types of Self-Esteem
Application: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Self-Esteem
Should We Stop Caring About Self-Esteem?
Self-Presentation: The Show Must Go On
The Dramaturgical Perspective
Sincere Versus Cynical Performances
Self-Presentational Strategies
Application: The Unforeseen Consequences of Self-Presentation
Individual Differences in Self-Presentation
Audience-Monitoring Errors
The Goals of Self-Presentation
Motives for Growth and Self-Expansion
Self-Determination Theory
The Overjustification Effect: Undermining Intrinsic Motivation
Application: How to Maximize Self-Growth
Pursue Goals That Support Core Needs
Get in the Zone
Act Mindfully
Expand Your Mind: Challenge Yourself and Explore the World
Foster a Positive Mood
Challenge Versus Threat
At the Movies: Blue Jasmine
Even Traumatic Experiences Can Promote Growth
Chapter 7 Social Influence
Learning from Others
Social Learning Theory
Application: Harmful Media-Inspired Social Learning
Social Priming
Application: Using Norms to Preserve
Social Contagion
Application: Psychogenic Illness
The Social Construction of Reality
Culturally Defined Social Situations
Culturally Defined Social Roles
Conformity
Asch Conformity Studies
What the Asch Conformity Studies Teach Us About Why People Conform
What Personality and Situational Variables Influence Conformity?
Application: Conformity in Juries
Neural Processes Associated with Conformity
Minority Influence
How Minorities Exert Their Influence
Application: How Minorities Can Be More Influential
At the Movies: 12 Angry Men
Compliance: The Art and Science of Getting What You Want
Self-Perception and Commitment
Reciprocity
Social Proof
Scarcity
Mindlessness
Application: Mind Recycling Toward Sustainability?
Obedience to Authority
Other Variables That Play a Role in Obedience
Anticipating Your Questions
Why Do We Obey?
Out in the World: Death in the Voting Booth
The Role of Charisma in the Rise to Power
Application: Historical Perspectives
Chapter 8 Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior
Elaboration Likelihood Model: Central and Peripheral Routes to Persuasion
Motivation to Think
Ability to Think
Why It Matters
Characteristics of the Source
Communicator Credibility
The Appearance of Expertise and Trustworthiness
The Sleeper Effect
Communicator Attractiveness
Communicator Similarity
Application: Similarity and Morality in Politics
Characteristics of the Message
Thinking Differently: What Changes Our Minds
Argument Strength
Confident Thoughts About the Message
Statistical Trends Versus Vivid Instances
The Order of Presentation: Primacy Versus Recency
Emotional Responses to Persuasive Messages
Repetition and Familiarity
Linking the Message to Positive Stimuli
Cognitive Balance and Positive Associations
Positive Mood
Negative Emotions
Application: Is Death Good for Your Health?
Out in the World: This is Like that: Metaphor’s Significance In Persuasion
Characteristics of the Audience
Persuadability
Initial Attitudes
Need for Cognition and Self-Monitoring
Argo: The Uses of Persuasion
Regulatory Focus
Application: Using Regulatory Focus to Get the Most out of a Message
Resistance to Persuasion
Knowing What to Resist
Being Motivated to Resist
Application: Reactance in Jury Decision Making
Resisting Strategically: Attitude Inoculation
Consequences of Forewarning
Recognizing Legitimate Appeals
Making the Effort to Resist
The Relationship Between Attitudes and Behavior
Why Attitudes Often Don’t Predict Behavior
Factors That Affect How Well Attitudes Predict Behavior
Matching the Attitude to the Behavior
Self-Presentational Concerns
Implicit Attitudes
The Strength of the Attitude
The Accessibility of the Attitude
How Attitudes Influence Behavior
Application: Understanding Risky Behavior
Chapter 9 Group Processes
What Is a Group?
Why Do People Join and Identify with Groups?
Promoting Survival and Achieving Goals
Reducing Uncertainty
Bolstering Self-Esteem
Managing Mortality Concerns
Cooperation in Groups
Social Dilemmas and the Science of Cooperation
The Prisoner’s Dilemma
Out in the World: When Cooperation is the Key to Economic Growth And Stability
Resource Dilemmas
Distribution Games
When Do People Cooperate?
Why Do People Cooperate?
Fairness Norms: Evolutionary and Cultural Perspectives
Performance in a Social Context
Performing in Front of Others: Social Facilitation
Social Facilitation Theory, Take 1: When Others Improve Performance
Social Facilitation Theory, Take 2: Others Facilitate One’s Dominant Response
The Role of Arousal
The Role of Evaluation
Performing with Others: Social Loafing
Low Accountability
High Expected Effort from Others
High Perceived Dispensability
Caring Decreases Loafing
Social Facilitation and Social Loafing Compared
Deindividuation: Getting Caught Up in the Crowd
Group Decision Making
Group Polarization
Exposure to New Persuasive Arguments
Application: Polarization and Social Media
Trying to Be a “Better” Group Member
Groupthink
Application: Improving Group Decision Making
Increasing Group Diversity
Reinterpreting Group Cohesiveness
Encouraging Individuality
Planning to Be Objective
Leadership, Power, and Group Hierarchy
What Makes a Leader Effective?
At the Movies: Milk: Charismatic Leadership Style
Power Changes People
Loosened Inhibitions
Less Empathy
Hierarchy in Social Groups
Legitimizing Hierarchy
What Causes Collective Action?
Why Do People Leave and Disidentify with Groups?
Promoting Survival
Reducing Uncertainty
Bolstering Self-Esteem
Managing Mortality Concerns
Chapter 10 Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination
The Nature of Prejudice: Pervasiveness and Perspective
The Roots of Prejudice: Three Basic Causes
Hostile Feelings Linked to a Category
Ingroup Bias: We Like Us Better Than Them
Ethnocentrism, the Cultural Worldview, and Threat
Symbolic Racism
Terror Management Theory
The Prejudiced Personality
Has Prejudice Become Less Prevalent over Time?
Desegregation Realities
Complexities of Modern Prejudice
Ambivalent Racism
Aversive Racism
Implicit Prejudice
Out in the World: Do Americans Live in a Postracial World?
Physiological Measures of Bias
Cognitive Measures of Implicit Bias
Stereotyping: The Cognitive Companion of Prejudice
Where Do People’s Stereotypic Beliefs Come From?
A Kernel of Truth
Social Role Theory
At the Movies: Gender Stereotypes in Animated Films, then and now
The Stereotype Content Model
Illusory Correlations
Why Do We Apply Stereotypes?
1. Stereotypes Are Cognitive Tools for Simplifying Everyday Life
2. Stereotypes Justify Prejudices
3. Stereotypes Help Justify Violence and Discrimination Against Outgroups
4. Stereotypes Justify the Status Quo
5. Stereotypes Are Self-Esteem Boosters
How Do Stereotypes Come into Play?
Categorization
Stereotype Activation
How Do Stereotypes Contribute to Bias?
Application: Stereotypes Influence Perception
Interpreting Behavior
The Ultimate Attribution Error
The Linguistic Intergroup Bias
Stereotypes Distort Memory
Application: Stereotypes Tend to Be Self-Confirming
Chapter 11 Responding to and Reducing Prejudice
Prejudice from a Target’s Perspective
Perceiving Prejudice and Discrimination
Individual Differences in Perceiving Prejudice
Motivations to Avoid Perceptions of Prejudice
Application: Is Perceiving Prejudice Bad for Your Health?
The Harmful Impact of Stereotypes on Behavior
Confirming Stereotypes to Get Along
Objectification
Stereotype Threat
Social Identity Threat
What’s a Target to Do? Coping with Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Coping with Stereotype and Social Identity Threat
Identify with Positive Role Models
Reappraise Anxiety
Affirm Broader Values
Coping with Prejudice and Discrimination: Social Strategies
Confront Those with Biases
Compensate for Other’s Biases
Application: The Costs of Concealing
Seek Social Support
Coping with Prejudice and Discrimination: Psychological Strategies
Blame the Bias, Not Oneself
Devalue the Domain
Out in the World: One Family’S Experience of Religious Prejudice
Reducing Prejudice
Working from the Top Down: Changing the Culture
Connecting Across a Divide: Controlling Prejudice in Intergroup Interactions
A Dual Process View of Prejudice
Prejudice Isn’t Always Easily Controlled
The Downsides of Control Strategies
Setting the Stage for Positive Change: The Contact Hypothesis
The Robbers Cave Study
Why Does Optimal Contact Work?
When Do the Effects of Contact Generalize Beyond the Individual?
At the Movies: Remember the Titans
Does Contact Increase Positive Attitudes?
Application: Implementing Optimal Contact in a Jigsaw Classroom
Reducing Prejudice Without Contact
Perspective Taking and Empathy
Reducing Prejudice by Bolstering the Self
Reducing Prejudice with a More Multicultural Ideology
Final Thoughts
Chapter 12 Interpersonal Aggression
Defining Aggression
The Role of Intention
The Harm Caused by Aggression
Affective and Instrumental Aggression
Measuring Aggression
Biology and Human Aggression
An Ethological Perspective
The Physiology of Aggression
Brain Regions
Body Chemistry
Application: The Hazards of Puberty
Natural-Born Pacifists
Uniquely Human Aspects of Aggression
Technology Outstrips Natural Controls on Aggression
The Human Mind Specializes in Self-Control
Situational Triggers of Aggression: The Context Made Me Do It
The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Displaced Aggression
Arbitrariness of the Frustration
Attacks, Insults, and Social Rejection
When Do Hostile Feelings Lead to Aggression? The Cognitive Neoassociationism Model
Physical Pain and Discomfort
The Role of Arousal in Aggression
Priming Aggressive Cognitions
Inhibitors of Aggression
Learning to Aggress
Media and Aggression
What Is the Appeal of Media Violence?
The Basic Evidence for Violent Media’s Contributing to Aggression
How and Why Does Watching Violence Contribute to Aggression in Viewers?
At the Movies: Violence on Film: Taxi Driver
Application: Family Life and Aggression
Culture and Aggression
Comparing National Cultures
Comparing Subcultures Within Nations
Out in the World: Race and Violence in Inner-City Neighborhoods
Individual Differences in Aggression
Gender Differences in Aggression
Trait Aggressiveness
Why Are Some People High in Trait Aggressiveness?
Intelligence
Personality Traits and Reactivity to Provocation
Narcissism and Deficits in Self-Esteem
Individual Differences in Impulsivity
The Roles of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Aggression
Violence Against Women
Domestic Violence
Sexual Coercion and Rape
Reducing Aggression
Societal Interventions
Interpersonal Interventions
Individual Interventions
Chapter 13 Prosocial Behavior
The Basic Motives for Helping
Human Nature and Prosocial Behavior
Kin Selection: Hey, Nice Genes!
Sociability, Attachment, and Helping
Out in the World: A Real Football Hero
Reciprocal Helping
Biological Bases of Helping
Learning to Be Good
Does Altruism Exist?
Social Exchange Theory: Helping to Benefit the Self
Empathy: Helping to Benefit Others
At the Movies: Prosocial Behavior in the Hunger Games
The Social and Emotional Triggers of Helping
Similarity and Prejudice
The Empathy Gap
The Role of Causal Attributions
Other Prosocial Feelings
Guilt
A Communal Feeling
The Recipient’s Gratitude
Feeling Socially Secure
Priming Prosocial Feelings and Behavior
Positive Affect
Priming Prosocial Roles
Priming Mortality
Priming Religious Values
Why Do People Fail to Help?
The Bystander Effect
Application: Steps to Helping—or Not!—in an Emergency
Population Density
Who Is Most Likely to Help?
An Altruistic Personality?
Individual Differences in Motivations for Helping
The Role of Political Values
Application: Using Political Values to Protect the Environment
The Role of Gender
Application: Toward a More Prosocial Society
Chapter 14 Interpersonal Attraction
The Need to Belong
Why Do We Need to Belong?
The Need to Belong Can Be Satisfied
When the Need to Belong Is Satisfied, People Thrive
Application: When the Need to Belong Is Unmet, Health Suffers
Where Did This Need Come From?
The Basics of Interpersonal Attraction
Proximity: Like the One You’re Near
The Reward Model of Liking
Others’ Attributes Can Be Rewarding
Transference
Culturally Valued Attributes and Personality Traits
Attraction to Those Who Fulfill Needs
Similarity in Attitudes and Personality
Do Opposites Ever Attract?
Similarity in Perceptions
If You Like Me, I’ll Like You!
Flattery
Physical Attractiveness
The Importance of Physical Attractiveness, and Why
The Physical Attractiveness Stereotype, AKA the Halo Effect
The Reach of the Attractive Advantage
Is the Attractiveness Stereotype True?
Why Do We Associate Beautiful with Good?
Common Denominators of Attractive Faces
The Averageness Effect
Symmetry
Why Are “Average,” Symmetrical Faces Attractive?
Do Men and Women Differ in What They Find Attractive? An Evolutionary Perspective
For Men, Signs of Fertility
For Women, Signs of Masculinity and Power
Questions and Controversies About the Evolutionary Perspective
Attraction in Same-Sex Relationships
Cultural and Situational Influences on Attractiveness
Status and Access to Scarce Resources
Media Effects
Out in the World: Living up to Unrealistic Ideals
Application: Online Dating and Attraction
Is Appearance Destiny?
Gender Differences in Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors
An Evolutionary Perspective
Cultural Influences
Culturally Shaped Motives
Cultural Norms
Norms and Reporting of Attitudes and Behavior
Your Cheating Heart: Reactions to Infidelity
Early Research
Modern Perspectives
Research in Support of the Evolutionary Perspective
Critiques
At the Movies: Attraction in Best in Show
A Final Thought on the Evolutionary Perspective
Chapter 15 Close Relationships
What Makes Close Relationships Special
Parasocial Relationships
Why Are Close Relationships So Important?
This Thing Called Love
Romantic Love
Culture and Love
Psychological Theories of Love
Attachment Theory: Love’s Foundation
Terror Management Theory: Love and Death
The Self-Expansion Model: Love as a Basis of Growth
Models of the Experience of Love
Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory: Love as an Emotion
Sternberg’s Triangular Model of Love
Cost–Benefit Perspectives on Relationships
The Social Exchange Model
Equity Theory
Assortative Mating
Cultural and Historical Perspectives on Relationships
Cross-Cultural Differences in Romantic Commitment
Out in the World: Historical Differences in Long-Term Commitment
The Time Course of Romantic Relationships
Self-Disclosure
Rose-Colored Lenses?
Adjusting to Interdependency
Marital Satisfaction?
Partners Start with Unrealistic Expectations
Slacking Off
Small Issues Get Magnified
Sore Spots Are Revealed
Unwelcome Surprises Appear
Passionate Love Loses Steam
When the Party’s Over . . . The Breakup
Application: So What Can You Do to Facilitate theRecovery Process?
Are We All Doomed, Then?
Long-Term Relationships: Understanding Those That Dissolve and Those That Thrive
Should I Stay or Should I Go?
Application: One Day at a Time: Dealing with the Ups and Downs
And in the Red Corner: Managing Conflict
Booster Shots: Keeping the Relationship and Passion Alive
Love as Flow
At the Movies: Husbands and Wives
Emotional Support
Application: Keeping the Home Fires Burning
Back Matter
Glossary
References
Name Index
A
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C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
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P
Q
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T
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W
Y
Z
Subject Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
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Inside Back Cover
Back cover
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