Muslims in the West After 9/11 by Cesari, Jocelyne -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Routledge Studies in Liberty and Security Contents Contributors Acknowledgments Introduction

National and international components of cultural talk Consequences of cultural talk on the post-9/11 situation of Muslims in the West Notes

Part 1 Overview

1 Securitization of Islam in Europe

Introduction Most Muslims are immigrants or have an immigrant background The hardening of national discourse on immigration The challenge of accommodating Islam Muslims are part of the underclass of Europe Securitization of Islam Role of intellectuals in the securitization of Islam Conclusion: coming to terms with Islam without Islamophobia Notes

2 Islam in America

Introduction Who are American Muslims? Ideology and identity Leadership and organization Changing roles of women Importance of the family Public practice of the faith Islamic dress Education Relationships with Muslims overseas Islamophobia Conclusion Notes

Part 2 Anti-terrorism and international constraints

3 The war on terror and Muslims in the West

Introduction Islamophobia in Europe before and after 9/11 Coercive integration and citizenship tests Europe’s involvement in secret detentions Cracking down on terrorism and Muslim Americans Conclusion Notes

4 Bush’s political fundamentalism and the war against militant Islam

5 The liberal roots of the American empire1

Introduction The United States’ liberal illiberalism Bush, neoconservatism, and the Liberal tradition Links between the Liberal tradition and illiberal policies

Terrorism through a liberal lens Liberal ideas, illiberal practice

Responses to possible objections Conclusion: realism as a check on liberal excess Notes

Part 3 Influence of international constraints on politics, law, and religion in the West

6 Welcoming Muslims into the nation

Introduction The Deutsche Islam Konferenz Problematizing immigrants as Muslim after 9/11

Tolerating Muslims Tolerance politics and the DIK as a “translation mechanism” Conclusion Notes

7 Shari’a and the future of secular Europe

Introduction Malleability of Shari’a Islamic law and Western civil law: a pragmatic adjustment

Marriage Polygamy Divorce: practice of talaq Custody Islamic norms in European courts

Conflict with secularism

The headscarf debate The Rushdie affair and the question of blasphemy

Conclusion Notes

8 American Muslims at the dawn of the 21st century

Introduction Muslim America: a brief history The immediate post-9/11 domestic climate Seeds of optimism Processes of Muslim American civic activism and political participation after 9/11 Views of the political future and the road to inclusion Terms of engagement Counter discourses Conclusion Notes

9 The concept of the Muslim enemy in the public discourse1

Introduction Classifications of the concept of the Muslim enemy Anti-Islamic agitation – a strategy of right-wing populism Functions of anti-Muslim stereotypes in public discourse

The concept of the Muslim enemy in the World Wide Web: the German website Politically Incorrect – a case study The conspiracy fantasy of “silent Islamization” The claim to represent majority opinion The anti-Muslim construct of Eurabia The reproach of deception Anti-Muslim racism The motifs of Germans and Europeans as victims of their Muslim minorities Résumé

Conclusion Notes

10 Islamic radicalism in Europe

Introduction Muslim diasporas in Europe

The French model The British model European reactions to home-grown terrorism

Islamic radicalism in a globalized world

Types of organization The Jihadist worldview Between radicalization and hyper-fundamentalism

Conclusion Notes

Index