A Bug Hunter&#146 · s Diary by Klein, Tobias -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

A Bug Hunter's Diary

Acknowledgments Introduction

The Goals of This Book Who Should Read the Book Disclaimer Resources

1. Bug Hunting

1.1 For Fun and Profit 1.2 Common Techniques

My Preferred Techniques Potentially Vulnerable Code Locations Fuzzing Further Reading

1.3 Memory Errors 1.4 Tools of the Trade

Debuggers Disassemblers

1.5 EIP = 41414141 1.6 Final Note

Notes

2. Back to the ’90s

2.1 Vulnerability Discovery

Step 1: Generate a List of the Demuxers of VLC Step 2: Identify the Input Data Step 3: Trace the Input Data

2.2 Exploitation

Step 1: Find a Sample TiVo Movie File Step 2: Find a Code Path to Reach the Vulnerable Code Step 3: Manipulate the TiVo Movie File to Crash VLC Step 4: Manipulate the TiVo Movie File to Gain Control of EIP

2.3 Vulnerability Remediation 2.4 Lessons Learned 2.5 Addendum

Notes

3. Escape from the WWW Zone

3.1 Vulnerability Discovery

Step 1: List the IOCTLs of the Kernel Step 2: Identify the Input Data Step 3: Trace the Input Data

3.2 Exploitation

Step 1: Trigger the NULL Pointer Dereference for a Denial of Service Step 2: Use the Zero Page to Get Control over EIP/RIP

3.3 Vulnerability Remediation 3.4 Lessons Learned 3.5 Addendum

Notes

4. NULL Pointer FTW

4.1 Vulnerability Discovery

Step 1: List the Demuxers of FFmpeg Step 2: Identify the Input Data Step 3: Trace the Input Data

4.2 Exploitation

Step 1: Find a Sample 4X Movie File with a Valid strk Chunk Step 2: Learn About the Layout of the strk Chunk Step 3: Manipulate the strk Chunk to Crash FFmpeg Step 4: Manipulate the strk Chunk to Gain Control over EIP

4.3 Vulnerability Remediation 4.4 Lessons Learned 4.5 Addendum

Notes

5. Browse and You’re Owned

5.1 Vulnerability Discovery

Step 1: List the Registered WebEx Objects and Exported Methods Step 2: Test the Exported Methods in the Browser Step 3: Find the Object Methods in the Binary Step 4: Find the User-Controlled Input Values Step 5: Reverse Engineer the Object Methods

5.2 Exploitation 5.3 Vulnerability Remediation 5.4 Lessons Learned 5.5 Addendum

Notes

6. One Kernel to Rule Them All

6.1 Vulnerability Discovery

Step 1: Prepare a VMware Guest for Kernel Debugging Step 2: Generate a List of the Drivers and Device Objects Created by avast! Step 3: Check the Device Security Settings Step 4: List the IOCTLs Step 5: Find the User-Controlled Input Values Step 6: Reverse Engineer the IOCTL Handler

6.2 Exploitation 6.3 Vulnerability Remediation 6.4 Lessons Learned 6.5 Addendum

Notes

7. A Bug Older Than 4.4BSD

7.1 Vulnerability Discovery

Step 1: List the IOCTLs of the Kernel Step 2: Identify the Input Data Step 3: Trace the Input Data

7.2 Exploitation

Step 1: Trigger the Bug to Crash the System (Denial of Service) Step 2: Prepare a Kernel-Debugging Environment Step 3: Connect the Debugger to the Target System Step 4: Get Control over EIP

7.3 Vulnerability Remediation 7.4 Lessons Learned 7.5 Addendum

Notes

8. The Ringtone Massacre

8.1 Vulnerability Discovery

Step 1: Research the iPhone’s Audio Capabilities Step 2: Build a Simple Fuzzer and Fuzz the Phone

8.2 Crash Analysis and Exploitation 8.3 Vulnerability Remediation 8.4 Lessons Learned 8.5 Addendum

Notes

A. Hints for Hunting

A.1 Stack Buffer Overflows

Example: Stack Buffer Overflow Under Linux Example: Stack Buffer Overflow Under Windows

A.2 NULL Pointer Dereferences A.3 Type Conversions in C A.4 GOT Overwrites

Notes

B. Debugging

B.1 The Solaris Modular Debugger (mdb)

Starting and Stopping mdb General Commands Breakpoints Running the Debuggee Examining Data Information Commands Other Commands

B.2 The Windows Debugger (WinDbg)

Starting and Stopping a Debugging Session General Commands Breakpoints Running the Debuggee Examining Data Information Commands Other Commands

B.3 Windows Kernel Debugging

Step 1: Configure the VMware Guest System for Remote Kernel Debugging Step 2: Adjust the boot.ini of the Guest System Step 3: Configure WinDbg on the VMware Host for Windows Kernel Debugging

B.4 The GNU Debugger (gdb)

Starting and Stopping gdb General Commands Breakpoints Running the Debuggee Examining Data Information Commands Other Commands

B.5 Using Linux as a Mac OS X Kernel-Debugging Host

Step 1: Install an Ancient Red Hat 7.3 Linux Operating System Step 2: Get the Necessary Software Packages Step 3: Build Apple’s Debugger on the Linux Host Step 4: Prepare the Debugging Environment Notes

C. Mitigation

C.1 Exploit Mitigation Techniques

Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) Security Cookies (/GS), Stack-Smashing Protection (SSP), or Stack Canaries NX and DEP Detecting Exploit Mitigation Techniques

C.2 RELRO

Test Case 1: Partial RELRO Test Case 2: Full RELRO Conclusion

C.3 Solaris Zones

Terminology Set Up a Non-Global Solaris Zone Notes

D. Updates Index About the Author Colophon

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