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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
List of Contributors
Preface
About the Companion Website
Chapter 1: What is a Coherent Flow Structure in Geophysical Flow?
1.1 Introduction
1.2 From random turbulence to coherent flow structures
1.3 Coherent flow structures in low Reynolds-number flows over smooth boundaries
1.4 Large-scale, high Reynolds-number coherent flow structures
1.5 Does scale matter?
1.6 What is the difference between the mean flow and CFS?
1.7 Coherent flow structures within geophysical flows: future research needs
References
Chapter 2: Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Eddy structures
2.3 Interactions of eddies on different scales
2.4 Extracting coherent structure from geophysical flows
2.5 Conclusions
2.6 Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 3: Structural Attributes of Turbulent Flow over a Complex Topography
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Experiments
3.3 Results
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusions
3.6 Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 4: Coherent Flow Structures in the Pore Spaces of Permeable Beds underlying a Unidirectional Turbulent Boundary Layer: A Review and some New Experimental Results
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Flow across a permeable boundary layer: background
4.3 Boundary layer structure in the freeflow region over permeable beds
4.4 Flow within the transition layer of permeable beds
4.5 Discussion
4.6 Summary and challenges for future work
4.7 Acknowledgements
Notation
References
Chapter 5: Instabilities in Stratified Shear Flow
5.1 Introduction to Kelvin–Helmholtz and Holmboe instabilities
5.2 One-sidedness
5.3 Application of the Taylor–Goldstein equation to asymmetric profiles
5.4 Mixing
5.5 Field observations
5.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Scalar Turbulence within the Canopy Sublayer
6.1 Introduction
6.2 A brief review of scalar turbulence inside canopies
6.3 Scope
6.4 Scalar turbulence within the CSL
6.5 Summary and conclusions
6.6 Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7: On the Structure of Wall Turbulence in the Thermally Neutral Atmospheric Surface Layer
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Field scale: atmospheric surface layer
7.3 Laboratory scale: turbulent boundary layer
7.4 Results
7.5 Discussion and conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Critical Reflections on the Coherent Flow Structures Paradigm in Aeolian Geomorphology
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Coherent flow structure end-member reference states
8.3 Flow structures over flat sandy surfaces
8.4 Flow structures over dunes
8.5 Discussion
8.6 Summary and conclusions
References
Chapter 9: Coherent Flow Structures in Vegetated Channels
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Coherent structures in vegetated channels
9.3 Conclusion
9.4 Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 10: Coherent Eddy Structures over Plant Canopies
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Evidence for organized motion
10.3 Buoyancy forcing
10.4 Summary and conclusions
10.5 Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 11: SPIV Analysis of Coherent Structures in a Vegetation Canopy Model Flow
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Experimental setup
11.3 Results
11.4 Discussion and conclusion
11.5 Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 12: Calculation and Eduction of Coherent Flow Structures in Open-Channel Flow Using Large-Eddy Simulations
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Method of LES
12.3 Examples
12.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Detection and Analysis of Coherent Flow Structures in a Depth-Limited Flow over a Gravel Surface
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Previous approaches to study CFS over gravel surfaces
13.3 Methodology
13.4 Results
13.5 Discussion
13.6 Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 14: COHSTREX: Coherent Structures in Rivers and Estuaries Experiment
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Stratified flow experiment
14.3 Unstratified flow experiment: thermal imaging
14.4 Summary
References
Chapter 15: Intermittent Suspension and Transport of Fine Sediment over Natural Tidal Bedforms
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Field site and data acquisition
15.3 Data analysis methods
15.4 Results
15.5 Discussion
15.6 Conclusions
15.7 Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 16: Large-Scale Coherent Flow Structures in Alluvial Pools
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Background
16.3 Methods
16.4 Results
16.5 Discussion and conclusion
References
Chapter 17: From Macroturbulent Flow Structures to Large-Scale Flow Pulsations in Gravel-Bed Rivers
17.1 Introduction and research context
17.2 Methods
17.3 Results
17.4 Discussion
17.5 Implications and conclusions
17.6 Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 18: Coherent Secondary Flows over a Water-Worked Rough Bed in a Straight Channel
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Methods
18.3 Results
18.4 Discussion
18.5 Conclusions
18.6 Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 19: Coherent Flow Structures, Initiation of Motion, Sediment Transport and Morphological Feedbacks in Rivers
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Grain-flow interaction: recent developments
19.3 Fluctuating fluid forces
19.4 Particle dislodgement paradox
19.5 Resolution of the particle dislodgement paradox
19.6 Analytical formulation
19.7 Experimental results
19.8 Thoughts on coherent structures and grain entrainment
19.9 Some additional thoughts on the impulse concept and particle entrainment
19.10 Conclusion
19.11 Acknowledgement
Notation
References
Chapter 20: Turbulence Modulation by Suspended Sediment in a Zero Mean-Shear Geophysical Flow
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Methods
20.3 Results
20.4 Discussion
20.5 Conclusions
20.6 Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 21: Effect of Migrating Bed Topography on Flow Turbulence: Implications for Modelling Sediment Transport
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Characterization of bed topography
21.3 Flow velocities above migrating bed forms
21.4 Turbulence patterns modulated by bed forms
21.5 Sediment transport modelling
21.6 Summary and concluding remarks
21.7 Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 22: Turbulence Structure and Sand Transport over a Gravel Bed in a Laboratory Flume
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Materials and methods
22.3 Results and discussion
22.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 23: Coherent Structures and Mixing at a River Plume Front
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Background
23.3 Field campaign and measurements
23.4 Results
23.5 Comparison to prior field and laboratory results
23.6 Summary
References
Chapter 24: Interfacial Waves as Coherent Flow Structures associated with Continuous Turbidity Currents: Lillooet Lake, Canada
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Methods
24.3 Results and discussion
24.4 Conclusions
References
Index
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