Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage, and Acid Sulfate Soils by Jacobs, James A. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

COVER TITLEPAGE COPYRIGHT PREFACE CONTRIBUTORS PART I CAUSES OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE, ROCK DRAINAGE, AND SULFATE SOILS

1 Acid Drainage and Sulfide Oxidation: Introduction

Introduction Early Earth Atmosphere Acid Drainage Deposits Resources from Acid Drainage Environmental Challenges Future Opportunities References and Suggested Reading

2 Vitriols in Antiquity

Introduction Vitriol Terminology Uses for Vitriol References and Suggested Reading

3 Biogeochemistry of Acid Drainage

Acid Drainage Overview Geochemistry of Acid Drainage Origin of Pyrite and Sulfur in Rocks and Soils Geochemical Processing and Sulfur in Rocks, Sediments, and Soils Microbiological Biogeochemistry of Acid Mine Drainage Genetic Sequences Microbial Growth Conditions Review of Microbial Processes Microbial Control Review of Naturally Occurring Acid Drainage Geochemistry in Perspective Summary References and Suggested Reading

4 Trace Element Geochemistry and Acid Rock Drainage

Introduction Trace element Geology Site Studies Summary References and Suggested Reading

5 The Microbiology of Acid Drainage

Role of Microorganisms in the Sulfur Cycle Natural Oxidation in the Sulfur Cycle Natural Reduction in the Sulfur Cycle Other Microorganism Reactions in the Sulfur Cycle References and Suggested Reading

6 Natural Acid Rock Generation, Drainage, and Metal Leaching: Impact on Exploration, Mining, and Reclamation

Introduction Acid Rock Drainage Gossan Formation Supergene Mineralization Acid Rock Generation and Drainage Through Time Natural Metal Concentrations Geoenvironmental Models Conclusions References and Suggested Reading

7 The Sulfur Cycle: Acid Drainage and Beyond

Some Background And Fundamentals Of Microbial Life Review of the Chemistry of Acid Mine Drainage The Origin and Evolution of Life on Earth Life in The Solar System Synthesis and Conclusions References and Suggested Reading

PART II ASSESSMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE, ROCK DRAINAGE, AND SULFATE SOILS

8 Sampling Strategies for Acid Drainage Studies

Environmental Site Inspection Decision Units Sampling Strategies Sample Processing Multiple-Increment Sampling Theory Sources of Error References and Suggested Reading

9 Stream Characterization for Acid Mine Drainage

Characterizing Streams for Acid Drainage Screening Using Field Kits Flow Measurements Collection and Storage of Water Samples Flow Measurement Examples and Exercises Exercises References and Suggested Reading

10 Overview of Soil and Groundwater Sampling Methods for Acid Drainage Studies

Introduction Field Study Methods Well Installation Methods In Situ Remediation Systems References and Suggested Reading

11 Acid Drainage Sampling Design and Sample Preparation

Introduction Design and Planning Sample Types and Sample Preparation Data Presentation, Interpretation, and Reporting Qualified Personnel and the Sampling Program Conclusions References and Suggested Reading

12 Acid Drainage and Aquatic Resources

Introduction Effect of Acid Mine Drainage on Aquatic Resources Nitrogen and Acid Waters Problems and Questions References and Suggested Reading

13 Metals Associated with Acid Rock Drainage and Their Effect on Fish Health and Ecosystems

Introduction Natural Sources of Metals Metal Transport and Cycling Metals Associated with ARD of Interest to Freshwater Fish Health and Ecology Trace Metal Assimilation by Aquatic Organisms Useful Tools in Studies of Trace Metals Conclusions References and Suggested Reading

14 Biological Sampling and Inventory Process

Introduction Sampling for Benthic Macroinvertebrates Collecting a Benthic Sample SOS Method Sample Collection Exercise and Evaluation Problems and Questions References and Suggested Reading

15 Acid Rock Drainage as Related to Permafrost, Glaciers, And Climate Change

Introduction Acid Rock Drainage and Permafrost Acid Rock Drainage and Retreating Glaciers Acid Rock Drainage and Climate Change Acid Sulfate Soils and Climate Change References and Suggested Reading

16 Acid Sulfate Soils

Disturbing Acid Sulfate Soils Acid Sulfate Soils and Global Climate Changes Best Management Practices for Acid Sulfate Soils Summary References and Suggested Reading

17 Prevention of Arsenic Mobilization related to Sulfide Oxidation in Aquifers

Introduction Aquifer Management, Pyrite Oxidation, and Arsenic Prevention of Arsenic Mobilization Physical Methods for Removing Oxygen References and Suggested Reading

PART III PREDICTION AND PREVENTION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE, ROCK DRAINAGE, AND SULFATE SOILS

18 Overview of Acid Drainage Prediction and Prevention

Introduction Overburden Analysis Static Testing Kinetic Tests Assessment of Acid Rock Drainage and Metals Release Assessment of Waste Materials Water Quality and Acid Mine Drainage: Premine Predictions and Postmine Comparisons Summary Problems and Questions References and Suggested Reading

19 Acid–Base Accounting Associated with Acid Rock Drainage

Introduction Neutralization Potential Procedures Acid Generation Potential Procedures Screening Assessment Criteria References and Suggested Reading

20 Acid–Base Accounting Test Procedures

Introduction BC Research, Inc. Initial Test (Chemical) Procedure for Evaluating Acid Production Potential of Ore and Waste Rock Test Procedures to Evaluate the Neutralization Potential of Clay (Modified B.C. Research Method) BC Research Confirmation Test Coastech Modified Biological Oxidation Test Lapakko Procedure For The Determination Of Neutralizing Potential Of Metal Mine Waste Neutralization Potential: EPA (Sobek) Method Static Net Acid Generation Procedure Modified Acid–Base Accounting Procedure For Neutralization Potential (Lawrence) Peroxide Siderite Correction For Sobek Method Meteoric Water Mobility Procedure: Standardized Column Percolation Test Procedure British Columbia Special Waste Extraction Procedure: Leachate Extraction Procedure British Columbia Special Waste Extraction Procedure: Modified Leachate Extraction Procedure U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure American Society For Testing And Materials: Shake Extraction Of Solid Waste With Water American Society for Testing and Materials: Modified ASTM Test D3987 For Shake Extraction Of Solid Waste With Water Particle Size and Acid Liberation Evaluation Summary References and Suggested Reading

21 Kinetic Testing Procedures

Introduction Humidity Cell and Column Test Work Equipment Arrangement Humidity Cell Procedure Column Test Work Procedure Minewall Washing Procedure Other Procedures References

22 Kinetic Testing Data Interpretation

Introduction Material Containing Soluble Sulfate Minerals References and Suggested Reading

23 Block Modeling and Acid Rock Drainage Prediction

Introduction Waste Material Overburden Waste Rock Pit Wall and Pit Floor Tailings Sampling Block Model Imperative Costs Conclusions References and Suggested Reading

24 Lithogeochemical Methods for Acid Rock Drainage Prediction

Introduction Methodology Rock and Alteration Lithogeochemistry CIPW Normative Calculations Conclusions Potential Uses Summary Reference and Suggested Reading

25 Predicting Acid Rock Drainage based on Mineralogy and Petrology Studies

Introduction Methods and Techniques Examples References and Suggested Reading

26 Management and Analysis of Acid Drainage Data

Introduction Data Case Study Error Analysis Costs References and Suggested Reading

27 Acid Generation and Drainage Workshop: Example Calculations and Solved Problems

Planning the Overburden Analysis References and Suggested Reading

28 Mine Reclamation Policy and Regulations of Selected Jurisdictions

Background Federal Laws and Regulations: United States State-Specific Laws and Regulations: United States International Laws and Regulations References and Suggested Reading

PART IV REMEDIATION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE, ROCK DRAINAGE, AND SULFATE SOILS

29 Overview Of Acid Mine Drainage Treatment With Chemicals

Acid Mine Drainage Formation Chemical Treatment Of Acid Mine Drainage Chemicals Available to Treat AMD Costs of Treating AMD Other Aspects of AMD Treatment Technologies Summary References and Suggested Reading

30 Passive Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage

Introduction Conclusions Problems and Questions References and Suggested Reading

31 The Iron Mountain Mine in Shasta County, California

Introduction Geochemistry of Iron Mountain Remedial Actions Legal Settlement Remedial Performance Regulatory Challenges Resource Recovery References and Suggested Reading

32 Overview of Resources From Acid Drainage and Postmining Opportunities

Green and Sustainable Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage Sites Environmental Footprint Assessment Methodology Sustainable Remediation Tool Postmining Opportunities Scale of Restoration Opportunities and Challenges Summary References and Suggested Reading

33 Systematic Land Reclamation Assessment at Acid Mine Drainage Sites

Introduction Systematic Reclamation Evaluation and Monitoring Program Conducting an Evaluation Summary Problems and Questions References and Suggested Reading

34 Resource Recovery

Introduction Reclamation, Reuse, and Recycling Overview Asphaltic Incorporation of Contaminated Soils, Mining Wastes, and Tailings Cementitious Processes Other Manufacturing Processes References and Suggested Reading

35 Case Studies for Acid Mine Drainage

Case Study 1 Case Study 2 Case Study 3 Case Study 4 Case Study 5 Case Study 6 Case Study 7 Case Study 8 Case Study 9 Case Study 10 Case Study 11 Case Study 12 References

36 Sustainable Aquaculture Using Treated and Untreated Mine Water From Coal Mines

Introduction Elements of Fish Production Conclusions References and Suggested Reading

PART V APPENDIXES

Appendix A Web Resources for Acid Drainage Issues Appendix B Acronyms Used in Acid Drainage Literature

Reference

Appendix C Glossary of Acid Drainage and Mining Technical Terms

References

Appendix D Chemical Equilibrium Diagrams

Reference

Appendix E Soil and Groundwater Sampling Methods for Acid Drainage Studies

Cone Penetrometer Testing Method Direct-Push Technology Sampling Groundwater Monitoring with Well points Other Drilling Techniques Hollow-Stem Auger Drilling Installing Environmental Monitoring Wells Sampling Procedures Equipment Decontamination Instrument Calibration Sample Control and Labeling Chain-of-Custody Procedures Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Handling Sample Delivery to Laboratory Soil Sampling Protocol Sampling Methods PreDrilling Precautions Lithological Descriptions Quality Control of Soil Samples: Duplicates Monitoring Well Protocol Groundwater Data Collection Water Sampling from Monitoring Wells In Situ Remediation Systems References

Appendix F Conversion Factors and Datums

References

Appendix G Nomenclature and Physical Characteristics of Pyrite

Nomenclature of Iron–Sulfur Compounds Physical Characteristics of Pyrite Reference

Appendix H Summary of U.S. EPA Method 1627 Kinetic Test Procedure for the Prediction of Mine Drainage Quality

Method Summary Limitations and Interferences Safety Apparatus and Materials Reagents Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling Procedure Quality Control Calculations and Results Questions Method Performance Record Keeping References and Suggested Reading

Appendix I Acid Mine Drainage Remediation Decision Tree

Acid Drainage Treatment Technologies Reference

INDEX END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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