The Battle for Gotham · New York in the Shadow of Robert Moses and Jane Jacobs by Gratz, Roberta Brandes -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

ALSO BY ROBERTA BRANDES GRATZ Title Page Dedication Epigraph Acknowledgements Preface Introduction 1 - THE WAY THINGS WERE

THE PUSH-PULL EFFECT PUSHED TO LEAVE SUBURBIA IN FORMATION DEFINING PROGRESS THE SHOCK OF THE NEW SUBURBS ARE DIFFERENT BACK TO NEW YORK FOR GOOD THE NEWSPAPER DIVERSITY IN THE CITY ROOM THE LUCKY BREAK PROMOTED TO REPORTER THE APPEAL OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION THE 1960S THE 1970S FROM BAD TO WORSE SMALL STEPS, BIG CHANGE REBIRTH’S BEGINNINGS

2 - LANDMARKS PRESERVATION

THE TIDE TURNED PRESERVATION ACCELERATES CHANGE A PROBLEM GROWS IN BROOKLYN MOSES INCREASED MAYOR WAGNER’S PROBLEMS A MOVEMENT GROWS A LOT LEFT UNPROTECTED PROTECTION CAME SLOWLY THE MANHATTAN FOCUS A WEST SIDE LANDMARK THE LAW CHANGES, BUT THE COMMISSION DOESN’T JACKIE KENNEDY ONASSIS MAKES THE DIFFERENCE SIGNIFICANT LANDMARK BATTLES WERE MANY TWEED COURTHOUSE: AN OLD CONTROVERSY RAISING PRESERVATION AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS

3 - GREENWICH VILLAGE

THE STATE OF THE NEIGHBORHOODS A DIFFERENT KIND OF CRIME LITTLE ITALY TODAY AS MUCH AS THINGS CHANGE . . . STILL A WORLD APART LANDMARK PROTECTION WORKS THE PARK THE MOSES ROAD TRAFFIC DISAPPEARS TIDE TURNING AGAINST CARS? NEW YORK UNIVERSITY ENHANCING THE STREET, OR NOT THE POE HOUSE CONTROVERSY THE WEST VILLAGE EIGHTH STREET WEST VILLAGE HOUSES: KNOWN AS THE JANE JACOBS HOUSES FARTHER WEST JACOBS MAKES THE CASE AGAIN THE EAST VILLAGE—ANOTHER WORLD

4 - SOHO

THE DEATH-THREAT SYNDROME THE EXPRESSWAY FIGHT NEW AMENITIES PROMISED ARREST THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS EXPRESSWAY KILLED; SOHO EMERGED INDUSTRIAL USES DISPLACED CHANGING ART JANE JACOBS VERSUS ROBERT MOSES SOHO BROADENED THE HISTORIC PRESERVATION MOVEMENT SOHO’S EXPORTS HELP REJUVENATE OTHER PLACES ONE LAST STAND ON A NEW YORK CITY CONTROVERSY

5 - RECONSIDERING ROBERT MOSES

THE PARK DEFENSE HIS WAY OR NO WAY THE URBAN RENEWAL BULLDOZER THE HUMAN TOLL LEARNING BY LISTENING THE HUMAN TOLL A REFORMER TO START THE IMPACT OF THE WORLD’S FAIR THE COUNTRY FOLLOWS MOSES NEW ORLEANS PORTLAND, OREGON HARTFORD, BALTIMORE, DETROIT PITTSBURGH SAN FRANCISCO MOSES LISTENED TO NO ONE MOSES IS BUILT INTO THE SYSTEM TODAY WHOSE URBAN VISION? DENSITY IS NOT THE PROBLEM THE SOCIAL AND PSYCHIC DIMENSION THE RESURGENT CITY

6 - THE FACTORY

MANUFACTURING: EVER CHANGING THE CHANGING ART WORLD CHANGED US THE INDUSTRIAL NETWORK IS COMPLEX URBAN RENEWAL INTERFERES TO LONG ISLAND CITY INDUSTRIAL SPACE IS BEING NIBBLED AWAY INDUSTRY NURTURED AND SUSTAINED NEW YORK POSTWAR OPPORTUNITIES MISSED FALSE GOD OF EFFICIENCY LONG ISLAND CITY ESCAPES FOR A WHILE THE PAST IS PAST CREATIVE CONVERSIONS TRUE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IS A RENEWABLE PROCESS OFFICIAL LOGIC IS ELUSIVE

7 - THE UPPER WEST SIDE

A NEW URBAN RENEWAL PARADIGM THE ERA OF FEAR URBAN RESETTLEMENT THE WEST SIDE: THE HAPPENING PLACE CATACLYSMIC CHANGE KICKS IN THE LINCOLN CENTER MYTH WEST SIDE STORY THE REAL DRAW OF THE WEST SIDE POSITIVE CHANGE, NEGATIVE CHANGE DEFINING PROGRESS

8 - WESTWAY

THE HEART OF THE ARGUMENT FIGHTING CITY HALL HIGHWAY AS CURE FOR DECAY TIDE TURNING AGAINST CARS? THE INTERNAL CONTRADICTION PROPONENTS CHANGE THE ARGUMENT NEW LAND PLUS PLANNED SHRINKAGE MORE DIFFERENCES

9 - BIG THINGS GET DONE

TRANSIT REINVESTMENT WAS HUGE REINVESTMENT PAYS SHOW ME THE MONEY THE BIG DIG FACTOR STEEL-WHEEL JOBS VERSUS RUBBER-TIRE JOBS BEYOND TRANSIT: REGENERATION OR REPLACEMENT? ORGANIC REGENERATION GETS A CHANCE THE NEW PARK—BIG IS BIG THE TRANSPORTATION DEBATE VEHICULAR DOMINATION STILL PREVAILS BIG PROJECTS DO GET DONE GOVERNMENT CAN DO IT BIG AND WELL LOW-DENSITY MISTAKES STILL HAPPEN IN A BIG WAY MORE BIG THINGS GETTING DONE DEFEAT WITH GOOD REASON

CONCLUSION EPILOGUE Appendix: - Jacobs’s Arrest in Her Own Words Notes Bibliography Index The Center for the Living City Copyright Page