Clinical Manual of Surgery by Rao, Devaji -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover image Title page Table of Contents Copyright Dedication Contributors Contributors of photographs Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations used 1. General

1. Introduction

1.1 How to use this manual

2. Patient and the surgeon

2.1 Introduction 2.2 Appearance 2.3 Behaviour 2.4 Doctor-patient relationship 2.5 Examination of the patient 2.6 Frank communication 2.7 Counselling 2.8 Management of patients in the hospital 2.9 Maintenance of records 2.10 Surgical ethics 2.11 Informed consent

3. Eliciting history

3.1 Introduction 3.2 Chief complaint * 3.3 History of present illness 3.4 Previous history of present complaint 3.5 Past medical history 3.6 History of drug intake and allergies 3.7 Social and personal history 3.8 Family history 3.9 History of immunization 3.10 Analysis of symptoms 3.11 Examining a child 3.12 Difficulties in history taking

4. General physical examination

4.1 Introduction 4.2 At the time of patient’s entry or separately 4.3 Eliciting history 4.4 Height and weight measurements 4.5 Examination of the patient on the couch 4.6 General system examination 4.7 Method of general physical examination 4.8 Conclusion

2. Symptoms and Signs

5. Dysphagia

5.1 Introduction 5.2 Surgical anatomy of oesophagus 5.3 Causes of dysphagia 5.4 Diseases of oesophagus 5.5 Clinical evaluation

6. Constipation

6.1 Introduction 6.2 Pathophysiology of constipation 6.3 Etiology of constipation 6.4 Organic causes of constipation 6.5 Clinical evaluation

7. Obstructive jaundice

7.1 Introduction 7.2 Bilirubin metabolism 7.3 Anatomy of biliary system 7.4 Obstructive jaundice 7.5 Causes of obstructive jaundice 7.6 Clinical evaluation

8. Gastrointestinal haemorrhage

8.1 Introduction 8.2 Causes of gastrointestinal haemorrhage 8.3 Pathological conditions 8.4 Clinical evaluation Summary

9. Lumps and swellings

9.1 Definition 9.2 Classification 9.3 Swellings of skin 9.4 Swellings of subcutaneous tissue 9.5 Clinical evaluation

10. Ulcers

10.1 Definition 10.2 Parts of ulcer 10.3 Classifications of ulcers 10.4 Traumatic ulcers 10.5 Inflammatory ulcers 10.6 Vascular ulcers 10.7 Neoplastic ulcers 10.8 Miscellaneous ulcers 10.9 Clinical evaluation

11. Sinuses and fistulae

11.1 Definitions 11.2 Aetiological classification of sinuses 11.3 Aetiological classification of fistulae 11.4 Regional classification of sinuses and fistulae 11.5 Sinuses and fistulae of parotid region 11.6 Sinuses and fistulae of mandibular and submandibular regions 11.7 Sinuses and fistulae of midline of neck 11.8 Sinuses and fistulae of lateral sides of neck 11.9 Sinuses and fistulae of chest 11.10 Sinuses and fistulae of abdomen 11.11 Sinuses and fistulae of loins 11.12 Sinuses and fistulae of groins 11.13 Sinuses and fistulae of right iliac fossa 11.14 Sinuses and fistulae of male genitalia 11.15 Sinuses and fistulae of perineal region Sinuses of the back 11.16 Sinuses of bones and joints 11.17 Sinuses of feet 11.18 Clinical evaluation

3. System and Region Based Diseases

12. Lymphatic system

12.1 Anatomy of lymphatic system 12.2 Causes of lymphadenopathy 12.3 Diseases of lymphatic system 12.4 Diseases of lymphatics 12.5 Diseases of lymph nodes 12.6 Clinical evaluation

13. Arterial system

13.1 Surgical anatomy of arterial system 13.2 Diseases of arterial system 13.3 Symptoms of arterial system diseases 13.4 Clinical evaluation 13.5 Special tests

14. Venous system

14.1 surgical anatomy of venous system 14.2 venous haemodynamics 14.3 diseases of venous system 14.4 symptoms of pathologies of venous system 14.5 clinical evaluation 14.6 special tests

15. Burns

15.1 Definitions 15.2 Anatomy of skin 15.3 Pathophysiology of burns 15.4 Classification of burns 15.5 Metabolic effects of burns 15.6 Clinical evaluation

16. Brain

16.1 Development of brain 16.2 Surgical anatomy of brain 16.3 Intracranial lesions 16.4 Symptoms of intracranial lesions 16.5 Clinical evaluation

17. Head injuries

17.1 Introduction 17.2 Surgical anatomy 17.3 Pathophysiology of unconsciousness in brain injury 17.4 Varieties of head injuries 17.5 Symptoms of head injuries 17.6 Clinical evaluation

18. Face and oral cavity

18.1 development of face and oral structures 18.2 surgical anatomy of face 18.3 diseases of face 18.4 surgical anatomy of oral structures 18.5 diseases of oral cavity 18.6 symptoms of oral cavity pathologies 18.7 clinical evaluation

19. Injuries of face

19.1 surgical anatomy of facial skeleton 19.2 fractures of facial skeleton 19.3 clinical evaluation

20. Nose, nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses

20.1 development of nose, nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses 20.2 surgical anatomy 20.3 diseases of nose, nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses 20.4 diseases of nose 20.5 diseases of nasal cavities 20.6 diseases of paranasal sinuses 20.7 symptoms of pathologies of nose, nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses 20.8 clinical evaluation

21. Ears

21.1 development of ear and auditory canal 21.2 surgical anatomy of ear and auditory canal 21.3 diseases of external ear and auditory canal 21.4 diseases of middle ear 21.5 diseases of inner ear (affecting hearing) 21.6 diseases of inner ear (affecting balance) 21.7 symptoms of pathologies of ears 21.8 clinical evaluation

22. Pharynx and larynx

22.1 development of pharynx and larynx 22.2 surgical anatomy of pharynx and larynx 22.3 diseases of pharynx 22.4 diseases of larynx 22.5 diseases of larynx in adults 22.6 diseases of larynx in children 22.7 symptoms of pathologies of pharynx and larynx 22.8 clinical evaluation

23. Salivary glands

23.1 Development of salivary glands 23.2 Anatomy of salivary glands 23.3 Diseases of salivary glands 23.4 Symptoms of salivary gland diseases 23.5 Clinical evaluation

24. Thyroid

24.1 Development of thyroid 24.2 Surgical anatomy of thyroid 24.3 Physiology 24.4 Diseases of thyroid 24.5 Symptoms of thyroid diseases 24.6 Clinical evaluation

25. Neck

25.1 surgical anatomy of neck 25.2 midline swellings of neck 25.3 lateral swellings of neck 25.4 clinical evaluation

26. Thorax

26.1 Development of respiratory tract 26.2 Surgical anatomy 26.3 Diseases of chest wall 26.4 Diseases of pleura 26.5 Diseases of trachea and bronchi 26.6 Diseases of lungs 26.7 Diseases of mediastinum 26.8 Symptoms of pathologies of chest 26.9 Clinical evaluation

27. Thoracic injuries

27.1 Injuries of chest wall 27.2 Injuries of pleura 27.3 Injuries of lung parenchyma 27.4 Injuries of mediastinal structures 27.5 Symptoms of chest injuries 27.6 Clinical evaluation

28. Breasts

28.1 Development of breasts 28.2 Surgical anatomy of breast 28.3 Physiology of breasts 28.4 Diseases and abnormalities of the breasts 28.5 Symptoms of breast diseases 28.6 Clinical evaluation

29. Spine and spinal cord

29.1 Development of spine and spinal cord 29.2 Surgical anatomy of spine and spinal cord 29.3 Disorders and diseases of spine 29.4 Disorders of sacroiliac joints 29.5 Disorders and diseases of spinal cord 29.6 Abnormalities of craniovertebral junction 29.7 Symptoms of spine and spinal cord pathologies 29.8 Clinical evaluation

30. Acute abdomen

30.1 Introduction 30.2 Acute inflammatory conditions of abdomen 30.3 Perforated bowel pathologies 30.4 Intestinal obstruction 30.5 Diseases causing intestinal obstruction 30.6 Adynamic lesion 30.7 Vascular conditions 30.8 Haemorrhagic conditions 30.9 Torsions 30.10 Colics 30.11 Extra abdominal causes of abdominal pain 30.12 Symptoms of patients with acute abdomen 30.13 Clinical evaluation

31. Chronic abdominal illnesses

31.1 Introduction 31.2 Diseases of oesophagus, stomach and duodenum 31.3 Diseases of gallbladder 31.4 Diseases of pancreas 31.5 Diseases of intestines 31.6 Diseases of any part of gastrointestinal system 31.7 Symptoms of patients with chronic abdominal illnesses 31.8 Clinical evaluation

32. Abdominal injuries

32.1 Introduction 32.2 Injuries of abdominal organs 32.3 Symptoms of injuries of abdominal organs 32.4 Clinical evaluation

33. Abdominal lumps

33.1 Introduction 33.2 Lumps of abdominal wall 33.3 Lumps in the right hypochondrium 33.4 Lumps in the left hypochondrium 33.5 Lumps in the epigastrium 33.6 Lumps in the lumbar regions 33.7 Lumps in the umbilical region 33.8 Lumps in the iliac fossae 33.9 Lumps in the hypogastrium 33.10 Clinical evaluation

34. Rectum and anal canal

34.1 Surgical anatomy of rectum and anal canal 34.2 Aetiological classification of anorectal diseases 34.3 Anorectal diseases 34.4 Symptoms of anorectal pathologies 34.5 Rectal examination 34.6 Clinical evaluation Remember

35. Herniae

35.1 Introduction 35.2 Classification of herniae 35.3 General features of herniae 35.4 Anatomical nomenclature 35.5 Groin herniae 35.6 Ventral herniae 35.7 Other herniae 35.8 Symptoms of hernia 35.9 Clinical evaluation

36. Male genitalia

36.1 development of male genitalia 36.2 surgical anatomy of male genitalia 36.3 diseases and abnormalities of penis ( table 36.1 ) 36.4 diseases and abnormalities of testis and epididymis 36.5 diseases of scrotum 36.6 symptoms of diseases of male genitalia 36.7 clinical evaluation

37. Urinary system

37.1 Development of urogenital system 37.2 Kidney and renal pelvis 37.3 Diseases of kidney and renal pelvis 37.4 Ureters 37.5 Diseases of ureters 37.6 Urinary bladder 37.7 Diseases of urinary bladder 37.8 Prostate 37.9 Diseases of prostate 37.10 Urethra 37.11 Diseases of urethra 37.12 Symptoms of urinary tract pathologies 37.13 Clinical evaluation Remember

38. Female genital system

38.1 Development of female genital tract 38.2 Surgical anatomy of female genital tract 38.3 Physiological response of female genital tract 38.4 Diseases of female genital tract 38.5 Symptoms of diseases of female genital tract 38.6 Clinical evaluation Remember Remember

39. General orthopaedics

39.1 Introduction 39.2 Diseases of bones 39.3 Symptoms of pathologies of bones 39.4 Clinical evaluation

40. Shoulder and arm

40.1 Shoulder joint 40.2 Traumatic lesions (fractures) 40.3 Nonfracture lesions of shoulder joint 40.4 Nontraumatic lesions of shoulder joint 40.5 Fracture of shaft of humerus 40.6 Symptoms of shoulder joint pathologies 40.7 Clinical evaluation

41. Elbow and forearm

41.1 Elbow joint 41.4 Traumatic lesions of elbow joint 41.5 Nontraumatic lesions of elbow joint 41.6 Extra-articular disorders of elbow 41.7 Fractures of shafts of forearm bones 41.8 Symptoms of elbow joint pathologies 41.9 Clinical evaluation

42. WRIST, hand and fingers

42.1 Wrist joint 42.2 Bones of the hand 42.3 Joints of the hand 42.4 Traumatic articular lesions of WRIST and hand 42.5 Traumatic lesions of carpal bones 42.6 Traumatic lesions of metacarpal bones 42.7 Traumatic lesions of phalanges 42.8 Nontraumatic articular lesions of wrist and hand 42.9 Extra-articular disorders of wrist and hand 42.10 Symptoms of pathologies of wrist, hand and fingers 42.11 Clinical evaluation

43. Hands (soft tissues)

43.1 Development of hands 43.2 Surgical anatomy of hands 43.3 Diseases of hands 43.4 Symptoms of pathologies of hands 43.5 Clinical evaluation

44. Pelvis, hip and thigh

44.1 Hip joint 44.2 Deformities of hip 44.3 Congenital lesions 44.4 Traumatic lesions of pelvis and hip 44.5 Nontraumatic lesions of hip joint 44.6 Extra-articular disorders of hip 44.7 Fracture of shaft of femur 44.8 Symptoms of hip joint pathologies 44.9 Clinical evaluation

45. Knee and leg

45.1 Knee joint 45.2 Deformities of knee 45.3 Traumatic lesions of knee joint 45.4 Soft tissue injuries of knee joint 45.5 Nontraumatic lesions of knee joint 45.6 Extra-articular disorders of knee 45.7 Fractures of shafts of leg bones 45.8 Symptoms of knee joint pathologies 45.9 Clinical evaluation

46. Ankle, foot and toes

46.1 Ankle joint 46.2 Anatomy of foot 46.3 Deformities of foot 46.4 Traumatic lesions of ankle joint 46.5 Soft tissue injuries of ankle joint 46.6 Injuries of tarsal bones 46.7 Nontraumatic lesions of ankle and foot 46.8 Extra articular disorders of ankle and foot 46.9 Symptoms of ankle, foot and toe pathologies 46.10 Clinical evaluation

47. Feet (soft tissues)

47.1 Development of feet 47.3 Diseases of the feet 47.4 Symptoms of pathologies of feet 47.5 Clinical evaluation

48. Muscles, tendons and fasciae

48.1 Introduction 48.2 Surgical anatomy 48.3 Diseases of muscles, tendons and fasciae 48.4 Symptoms of pathologies of muscles, tendons and fasciae 48.5 Clinical evaluation

49. Peripheral nerves

49.1 Surgical anatomy of nerves of upper limb 49.2 Surgical anatomy of nerves of lower limb 49.3 Causes of peripheral nerve disorders 49.5 Symptoms of peripheral nerve pathologies 49.6 Clinical evaluation

4. Polytrauma

50. Polytrauma

50.1 Introduction 50.2 Preparation 50.3 Receiving the patient 50.4 Primary survey and resuscitation 50.5 Secondary survey 50.6 Clinical evaluation 50.7 Conclusion

Index

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