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Index
Cover Table of Contents Dedication Title Copyright Acknowledgments 1 Introduction: the Project
1.1. Characterizing a set of infinite size 1.2. Computers and linguistics 1.3. Levels of formalization 1.4. Not applicable 1.5. NLP applications 1.6. Linguistic formalisms: NooJ 1.7. Conclusion and structure of this book 1.8. Exercises 1.9. Internet links
PART 1: Linguistic Units
2 Formalizing the Alphabet
2.1. Bits and bytes 2.2. Digitizing information 2.3. Representing natural numbers 2.4. Encoding characters 2.5. Alphabetical order 2.6. Classification of characters 2.7. Conclusion 2.8. Exercises 2.9. Internet links
3 Defining Vocabulary
3.1. Multiple vocabularies and the evolution of vocabulary 3.2. Derivation 3.3. Atomic linguistic units (ALUs) 3.4. Multiword units versus analyzable sequences of simple words 3.5. Conclusion 3.6. Exercises 3.7. Internet links
4 Electronic Dictionaries
4.1. Could editorial dictionaries be reused? 4.2. LADL electronic dictionaries 4.3. Dubois and Dubois-Charlier electronic dictionaries 4.4. Specifications for the construction of an electronic dictionary 4.5. Conclusion 4.6. Exercises 4.7. Internet links
PART 2: Languages, Grammars and Machines
5 Languages, Grammars, and Machines
5.1. Definitions 5.2. Generative grammars 5.3. Chomsky-Schützenberger hierarchy 5.4. The NooJ approach 5.5. Conclusion 5.6. Exercises 5.7. Internet links
6 Regular Grammars
6.1. Regular expressions 6.2. Finite-state graphs 6.3. Non-deterministic and deterministic graphs 6.4. Minimal deterministic graphs 6.5. Kleene’s theorem 6.6. Regular expressions with outputs and finite-state transducers 6.7. Extensions of regular grammars 6.8. Conclusion 6.9. Exercises 6.10. Internet links
7 Context-Free Grammars
7.1. Recursion 7.2. Parse trees 7.3. Conclusion 7.4. Exercises 7.5. Internet links
8 Context-Sensitive Grammars
8.1. The NooJ approach 8.2. NooJ contextual constraints 8.3. NooJ variables 8.4. Conclusion 8.5. Exercises 8.6. Internet links
9 Unrestricted Grammars
9.1. Linguistic adequacy 9.2. Conclusion 9.3. Exercise 9.4. Internet links
PART 3: Automatic Linguistic Parsing
10 Text Annotation Structure
10.1. Parsing a text 10.2. Annotations 10.3. Text annotation structure (TAS) 10.4. Exercise 10.5. Internet links
11 Lexical Analysis
11.1. Tokenization 11.2. Word forms 11.3. Morphological analyses 11.4. Multiword unit recognition 11.5. Recognizing expressions 11.6. Conclusion 11.7. Exercise
12 Syntactic Analysis
12.1. Local grammars 12.2. Structural grammars 12.3. Conclusion 12.4. Exercises 12.5. Internet links
13 Transformational Analysis
13.1. Implementing transformations 13.2. Theoretical problems 13.3. Transformational analysis with NooJ 13.4. Question answering 13.5. Semantic analysis 13.6. Machine translation 13.7. Conclusion 13.8. Exercises 13.9. Internet links
Conclusion Bibliography Index End User License Agreement
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