[Gutenberg 21006] • The Governments of Europe by Ogg, Frederic Austin -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

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THE GOVERNMENTS OF EUROPE THE GOVERNMENTS OF EUROPE

PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL SCIENCE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN AUTHOR OF "SOCIAL PROGRESS IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPE"

To My Father

PREFACE TABLE OF CONTENTS GOVERNMENTS OF EUROPE PART I.—GREAT BRITAIN

CHAPTER I

I. The Importance of Historical Background II. Anglo-Saxon Beginnings III. The Norman-Plantagenet Period IV. The Rise of Parliament V. Administrative and Judicial Development VI. The Tudor Monarchy VII. Parliament under the Tudors VIII. The Stuarts: Crown and Parliament IX. The Later Stuarts: the Revolution of 1688-1689

CHAPTER II

I. Crown and Parliament after 1789 II. Rise of the Cabinet and of Political Parties III. The Scottish and Irish Unions IV. The Nature and Sources of the Constitution V. The Flexibility of the Constitution

CHAPTER III

I. The Crown: Legal Status and Privileges II. The Powers of the Crown III. The Importance and Strength of the Monarch IV. Privy Council, Ministry, and Cabinet V. The Executive Departments VI. The Cabinet: Composition and Character VII. The Cabinet in Action

CHAPTER IV

I. The House of Commons Prior to 1832 II. Parliamentary Reform, 1832-1885 III. The Franchise and the Electoral Questions of To-day IV. Electoral Procedure and Regulations

CHAPTER V

I. Composition II. The Reform of the Lords: the Question prior to 1909 III. The Question of the Lords, 1909-1911 IV. The Parliament Act of 1911 and After

CHAPTER VI

I. The Assembling of the Chambers II. Organization of the House of Commons III. Organization of the House of Lords IV. Privileges of the Houses and of Members V. The Functions of Parliament VI. General Aspects of Parliamentary Procedure VII. The Conduct of Business in the Two Houses

CHAPTER VII

I. Parliamentarism and the Party System II. Parties in the Later Eighteenth and Earlier Nineteenth Centuries. III. The Second Era of Whig [Liberal] Ascendancy, 1830-1874 IV. The Second Era of Conservative Ascendancy, 1874-1905 V. The Liberal Revival VI. The Rule of the Liberals, 1906-1912 VII. The Parties of To-day

CHAPTER VIII

I. English Law II. The Inferior Courts III. The Higher Courts IV. Local Government to the Municipal Corporations Act, 1835 V. Local Government Reform, 1835-1912 VI. Local and Central Government VII. Local Government To-day: Rural VIII. Local Government To-day: Urban

PART II.—GERMANY

CHAPTER IX

I. Political Development Prior to 1848 II. The Creation of the Empire III. The Constitution: Nature of the Empire IV. The Empire and the States

CHAPTER X

I. The Emperor II. The Chancellor III. The Bundesrath

CHAPTER XI

I. Composition of the Reichstag—Electoral System II. Organization and Powers of the Reichstag III. The Rise of Political Parties IV. Party Politics after 1878 V. Parties since 1907 VI. Law and Justice

CHAPTER XII

I. The German States and their Governments II. The Rise of Constitutionalism in Prussia III. The Crown and the Ministry

CHAPTER XIII

I. Composition of the Landtag II. The Movement for Electoral Reform III. Organization and Functions of the Landtag IV. Local Government: Origins and Principles[388] V. Local Government: Areas and Organs

CHAPTER XIV

I. The More Important Monarchies II. The Lesser Monarchies and the City Republics III. Alsace-Lorraine

PART III.—FRANCE

CHAPTER XV

I. A Century of Political Instability II. The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era III. From the Restoration to the Revolution of 1848 IV. The Second Republic and the Second Empire V. The Establishment of the Third Republic VI. The Constitution of To-day

CHAPTER XVI

I. The President II. The Ministry III. Parliament: Senate and Chamber of Deputies IV. The Problem of Electoral Reform

CHAPTER XVII

I. Organization and Workings of the Chambers II. Political Parties since 1871

CHAPTER XVIII

I. French Law II. The Courts III. Local Government: Development since 1789 IV. Local Government To-day

PART IV. ITALY

CHAPTER XIX

I. The Era of Napoleon II. The Restoration and the Revolution of 1848 III. The Achievement of Unification IV. The Constitution

CHAPTER XX

I. The Crown and the Ministry II. Parliament: the Senate III. The Chamber of Deputies—Parliamentary Procedure IV. The Judiciary V. Local Government

CHAPTER XXI

I. Quirinal and Vatican II. Parties and Ministries, 1861-1896 III. The Era of Composite Ministries, 1896-1912 IV. Phases of Party Politics

PART V.—SWITZERLAND

CHAPTER XXII

I. The Confederation and Its Constitution II. The Nation and the States III. Cantonal Legislation: the Referendum and the Initiative IV. The Cantonal Executive and Judiciary

CHAPTER XXIII

I. The Executive II. Legislation: the Federal Assembly III. Legislation: the Referendum and the Initiative IV. Political Parties V. The Judiciary

PART VI—AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

CHAPTER XXIV

I. Austrian Political Development to 1815 II. Hungarian Political Development to 1815 III. The Era of Metternich IV. The Revolution of 1848 V. The Revival of Constitutionalism: the Ausgleich

CHAPTER XXV

I. The Constitution II. The Crown and the Ministry III. The Reichsrath—the Electoral System IV. Political Parties V. The Judiciary and Local Government

CHAPTER XXVI

I. The Constitution II. The Crown and the Ministry III. Parliament—the Electoral System IV. Political Parties V. The Judiciary and Local Government

CHAPTER XXVII

I. The Common Organs of Government II. The Territories of Bosnia and Herzegovina

PART VII.—THE LOW COUNTRIES

CHAPTER XXVIII

I. A Century of Political Development II. The Crown and the Ministry III. The States-General and Political Parties IV. The Judiciary and Local Government

CHAPTER XXIX

I. The Constitution—the Crown and the Ministry II. The Houses of Parliament—the Electoral System III. Parties and Electoral Reform Since 1894—Parliamentary Procedure IV. The Judiciary and Local Government

PART VIII.—SCANDINAVIA

CHAPTER XXX

I. Development Prior to 1814 II. The Rise of Constitutionalism, 1814-1866 III. The Crown and the Ministry IV. The Rigsdag—Political Parties V. The Judiciary and Local Government

CHAPTER XXXI

I. Political Development to 1814 II. The Swedish-Norwegian Union, 1814-1905 III. The Norwegian Constitution—Crown and Ministry IV. The Storthing—Political Parties V. The Judiciary and Local Government

CHAPTER XXXII

I. The Constitution—the Crown and the Ministry III. The Riksdag in Operation—Political Parties IV. The Judiciary and Local Government

PART IX.—THE IBERIAN STATES

CHAPTER XXXIII

I. The Beginnings of Constitutionalism II. Political and Constitutional Development, 1833-1876 III. The Present Constitution IV. The Crown and the Ministry V. The Cortes VI. Political Parties VII. The Judiciary and local Government

CHAPTER XXXIV

I. A Century of Political Development II. The Government of the Kingdom III. The Revolution of 1910 IV. The Constitution of 1911

INDEX

Printed in the United States of America

Social Progress in Contemporary Europe The Opening of the Mississippi Readings in American Government and Politics American Government and Politics A History of Political Theories The American Commonwealth The Government of American Cities The Government of European Cities The Government of England PUBLISHED BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY Publishers 64-66 Fifth Avenue New York

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