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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Overview
Chapter 1: Female Employment and the Working Environment
Female Participation in the Labor Market
The Working Environment for Men and Women in the Manufacturing Sector
Notes
Chapter 2: Women’s Entrepreneurship
Women’s Ownership of Firms
Improvements in the Business Environment
Different Constraints Facing Male and Female Entrepreneurs
Organizations Fostering Women in Business
Chapter 3: Labor Markets, Firm Productivity, and Gender
Sex Segregation in Egypt
Factors Affecting the Probability of Employing Women
Gender Composition and Productivity
Annex
Notes
Chapter 4: Women’s Access to Finance
The Limited Role of Formal Financing
The Limited Role of Banking, Targeted Initiatives for Women, and Microcredit
The Need for Education and Financial and Business Management Training
The Need for New Reforms
Note
Chapter 5: Social Safety Nets, Security, and Gender
Work Contracts
Lack of Separate Physical Accommodations for Women in the Workplace
Union Membership
Chapter 6: Enhancing Women’s Participation in Economic Activities: The Way Forward
Continuing to Improve the Business Environment
Addressing Norms, Traditions, and Legal Discrimination
Encouraging Women to Join the Labor Force
Improving Employment Conditions for Female Workers
Increasing Women’s Access to Finance, Including through Microcredit
Enhancing Vocational Training for Girls and Training for Female Workers
Conducting Research and Sex-Disaggregated Analysis of the Work Environment
Note
Appendix
References
Index
Back cover
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