Tried by Fire · the Story of Christianity's First Thousand Years by Bennett, William J. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents Introduction 1. Scattered Sheep

Paul In Rome The Appeal of Christianity to the Classical World Missionary Activity and Persecution of the Disciples

2. The First Saints

Clement Helps Guide the Church Ignatius of Antioch Resurfacing of Persecution In the Late-First and Early-Second Centuries The Martyrdom of Polycarp

3. Defining Doctrine

Marcion of Sinope Irenaeus and Justin Confront the Pagans Settling Scripture Irenaeus’s Theology Justin Martyr Christian Communities In the Second Century Martyrdom In the Age of Marcus Aurelius

4. Brutal Opposition

Perpetua and Felicity Tertullian Early Christian Women Three Controversies The Persecutions of the Third Century Cyprian and the Lapsed

5. Egypt and the Great Persecution

Clement of Alexandria Origen The Codex Diocletian and the Great Persecution The Edict Against the Christians The Consequences of Diocletian’s Persecution

6. Church, State, and Emperor

Constantine Consolidates His Power Constantine the Emperor The Rise of the Basilica The Donatist Controversy Was Constantine Really a Christian?

7. Tares Among Wheat

Constantine Calls the Council of Nicaea Other Matters Resolved By the Council of Nicaea Athanasius Contra Mundum The Death of Constantine

8. Saving Wastelands

Anthony of the Desert Pachomius and Cenobite Monasticism The Monastic Lifestyle Macarius and Moses the Black Evagrius Ponticus Desert Women Ephrem and Simeon The Syriac and Coptic Languages The Life of Martin of Tours John Cassian

9. Fathers Know Best

Arianism Fights Back The Council of Sardica Julian the Apostate Valens The Cappadocian Fathers Gregory of Nazianzus Gregory of Nyssa The Death of Valens

10. Doctors’ Orders

The Edict of Thessalonica The Council of Constantinople Theodosius Campaigns Against Arianism Ambrose Ambrose and the Arians Ambrose and Theodosius Jerome Jerome and Damasus I The Vulgate Bible

11. Two Giants

John Chrysostom John’s Episcopate Augustine Post-Conversion Augustine’s Theology The Legacy of Augustinian Thought

12. From Ancient to Medieval

Theodosius II and the Theodosian Code The Council of Ephesus Cyril and Orestes Pope Leo I Turns Back Attila The Papacy of Leo I The Second Council of Ephesus and the Council of Chalcedon

13. Christianity In the Early Barbarian Kingdoms: The Barbarians Become Arians

The Goths Convert The Visigoths Isidore of Seville Italy: Theodoric, Boethius, and Cassiodorus Cassiodorus The Franks Columbanus’s Mission to the Franks Gregory the Great Gregory Evangelizes Europe The Church Comes to Britain The Isle of the Dead Gregory Sends Augustine to the Britons The Venerable Bede Early Celtic Christianity

14. The Byzantine Empire

Justinian The First Great Plague Domestic Affairs The Nika Riot The Hagia Sophia The Corpus Iuris Civilis Justinian’s Religious Policy The Three Chapters Controversy Persecution In the Byzantine Empire After Justinian Heraclius Heraclius and the Church

15. Crescent and Cross

The Dawn of Islam Early Islamic Theology and the Bible The Muslims Fight the Byzantines The Pact of Umar The Dialogue of Timothy I and al-Mahdi The Moors Invade Spain Charles Martel Saves Europe

16. Europe Is Born

Saint Boniface Pepin the Short Charlemagne Charlemagne Crowned Holy Roman Emperor Conflict With the Byzantine Church The Carolingian Renaissance Alcuin of York After Charlemagne

17. Decline and Reform

The Papacy of the Early Medieval Ages (867–1049) The Reform of the Papacy The Monastery Theological Developments of the Early Middle Ages The Medieval Pilgrimage and Relics England

18. Northern Lights

Alfred the Great Fights Back Anglo-Saxon Culture The Christianization of the Danes and Swedes Norway Cyril and Methodius The Christianization of the Kievan Rus

19. The Face of God and Schism

Justinian II and the Quinisext Council The First Iconoclast Era (717–775) John of Damascus and Constantine V The Second Council of Nicaea The Second Iconoclast Era (814–842) The Great Schism (ca. 800–1054) The Churches Split

Conclusion Glossary of Biographical, Geographical, and Theological References Acknowledgments Notes Image Credits Index