Perioperative Medicine by Chikwe, Joanna -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Contents Acknowledgements Symbols and abbreviations 1 Investigations

Guidelines Routine preoperative tests Normal healthy adults Adults with mild comorbidity Adults with major comorbidiy Cardiovascular and neurosurgery Other preoperative tests A–Z of laboratory investigations

2 Perioperative care

Duties of a doctor Communication skills Correct site surgery Consent Planning for elective surgery Planning for emergency surgery Day case surgery The surgical drug chart Drugs and surgery Organizing the list Fluid management Fluid balance troubleshooting Transfusion Transfusion reactions Critical care Theatre Postoperative management Pain management Opioids NSAIDs and paracetamol Local anaesthesia Surgical sepsis Specific infections The septic patient Blood-borne viruses and surgery Wound care, drains, and stomas Wound problems Postoperative haemorrhage Haematological complications Alcohol-related problems Challenging patients Transplant patients Death End of life issues

3 Cardiovascular

Investigations Hypotension and shock Ischaemic heart disease Chest pain Acute coronary syndrome Heart failure Management of heart failure Pericardial disease Causes of dysrhythmias Lethal dysrhythmias Dangerous dysrhythmias I Dangerous dysrhythmias II Benign dysrhythmias Cardioversion Defibrillation Cardiac pacemakers Valve disease Aortic stenosis Other valve diseases Hypertension Adult congenital heart disease Vascular surgery complications Acute limb ischaemia Aneurysms Carotid disease Foot ulcers Amputations Venous thromboembolism Thrombolysis

4 Respiratory

Arterial blood gas: basics Arterial blood gas: interpretation Respiratory function tests Oxygen administration The breathless patient Pulmonary oedema Smoking Asthma Acute severe asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Respiratory infection Pulmonary embolism Bronchiectasis Restrictive pulmonary disease Sleep apnoea syndrome Pneumothorax Acute respiratory distress syndrome Upper airway obstruction Ventilation/respiratory support

5 Renal and urological

Acute renal dysfunction/failure Oliguria Urinary retention Haematuria Chronic renal failure Dialysis patients Nephrotic syndrome Hyponatraemia Hypernatraemia Hypokalaemia Hyperkalaemia Hypercalcaemia Hypocalcaemia Magnesium and phosphate

6 Gastrointestinal

Nutrition Nutritional assessment Nutritional support Acute abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting Diarrhoea and constipation Paralytic ileus/Obstruction Peptic ulcer disease & reflux Gastrointestinal bleed Postoperative anastomotic leak Hepatic disease and failure Diagnosis of postop jaundice Management of jaundice Inflammatory bowel disease

7 Endocrine and metabolic

Diabetes mellitus Insulin sliding scales and regimens Diabetic emergencies Steroid therapy Thyroid disease Obesity Rare endocrine disorders Hormone secreting tumours

8 Neurology

Drowsiness and coma Confusion Dementia Stroke Managing dementia and stroke Syncope and blackouts Headache Epilepsy and seizures Dizziness and vertigo Neuromuscular diseases

9 Musculoskeletal

Swollen leg Rheumatic diseases Rheumatoid arthritis Trauma

10 Oncology and palliative care

Basic concepts Oncological emergencies Urgent referral Neutropaenic surgical patients Radiotherapy and chemotherapy Palliative care Common problems Communication

11 Procedures

How to change a vacuum dressing Endotracheal intubation Venepuncture Intravenous cannulation Arterial cannula insertion Central venous catheter insertion Intercostal drain insertion Intercostal aspiration/pleurocentesis Nasogastric tube insertion Urethral catheterization Suprapubic catheterization Paracentesis abdominis Rigid sigmoidoscopy Local anaesthesia (LA) Intercostal nerve block A-Z of surgical procedures A–Z of surgical procedures

12 Useful information

Cardiovascular drugs Warfarin Heparin Example ECGs

Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation Acute anterior MI Acute inferior MI Myocardial ischaemia Right bundle branch block Left bundle branch block Lethal dysrhythmias Hyperkalaemia Ventricular tachycardia Normal PA CXR Plain left lateral chest X-ray Normal AXR Normal CT chest

Conversion charts Dermatomes

Index

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