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Index
Cover
Half Title page
Title page
Copyright page
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 ‘Greening’: What does it Entail?
1.2 The Science of Change: How will our Epoch be Remembered?
1.3 Are Natural Resources Finite and Human Needs Infinite?
1.4 The Standard of Sustainable Engineering
1.5 Can Nature be Treated as if it were Static?
1.6 Can Human Intervention Affect Long-Term Sustainability of Nature?
1.7 Can an Energy Source be Isolated from Matter?
1.8 Is it Possible that Air, Water, and Earth became our Enemies?
1.9 Can we Compare Diamonds with Enriched Uranium?
1.10 Is Zero-Waste an Absurd Concept?
1.11 How can we Determine Whether Natural Energy Sources Last Forever?
1.12 Can Doing Good be Bad Business?
1.13 Greening of Petroleum Operations: A Fiction?
Chapter 2: From the Pharaonic Age to the Information Age: Have we Progressed in Technology Development Skills?
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Fundamental Misconceptions of the Modern Age
Chapter 3: How Long Has This ‘Technological Disaster’ Been in the Making? Delinearized History of Civilization and Technology Development
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Delinearized History of Time, Science, and Truth
3.3 Other Considerations in Mathematics and Science
3.4 Modeling Natural Phenomena in Multiple Dimensions
3.5 Conclusions
Chapter 4: Is Modern Science Capable of Discerning Between True and False?
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Why Focus on Tangibles Makes it Impossible for us to Act on Conscience That is Needed to Increase our Knowledge of Truth
4.3 New Science vs. Science of Intangibles
4.4 The Criterion of Truth and Falsehood
4.5 Effect of the Science of Tangibles
4.6 The Science of Matter and Energy
4.7 Paradigm Shift in Scientific and Engineering Calculations
4.8 Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Mass and Energy Balance
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Difference Between a Natural Process and an Engineered Process
5.3 The Measurement Conundrum of the Phenomenon and its Observer
5.4 Implications of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity on Newtonian Mechanics
5.5 Newton’s First Assumption
5.6 First Level of Rectification of Newton’s First Assumption
5.7 Second Level of Rectification of Newton’s First Assumption
5.8 Fundamental Assumptions of Electromagnetic Theory
5.9 Aims of Modeling Natural Phenomena
5.10 Challenges of Modeling Sustainable Petroleum Operations
5.11 Implications of a Knowledge-based Sustainability Analysis
5.12 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 6: A True Sustainability Criterion and its Implications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Importance of the Sustainability Criterion
6.3 The Criterion: The Switch that Determines the Direction at a Bifurcation Point
6.4 Current Practices in Petroleum Engineering
6.5 Development of a Sustainable Model
6.6 Violation of Characteristic Time Period or Frequency
6.7 Observation of Nature: Importance of Intangibles
6.8 Analogy of Physical Phenomena
6.9 Intangible Cause to Tangible Consequence
6.10 Removable Discontinuities: Phases and Renewability of Materials
6.11 Rebalancing Mass and Energy
6.12 Energy: The Current Model
6.13 Tools Needed for Sustainable Petroleum Operations
6.14 Assessing the Overall Performance of a Process
6.15 Continuous Time Function as the Inherent Feature of a Comprehensive Criterion
6.16 Conclusions
Chapter 7: What is Truly Green Energy?
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Global Energy Scenario
7.3 Ranking with Global Efficiency
7.4 Global Efficiency of Solar Energy to Electricity Conversion
7.5 Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming
7.6 Renewable vs Non-Renewable: No Boundary as such
7.7 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 8: Good Light and Bad Light
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Natural Light Source: Sun
8.3 Artificial Light Sources
8.4 Pathways of Light
8.5 Natural and Artificial Light Spectra
8.6 Effect of Eyeglasses and Sunglasses on Light Spectra
8.7 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 9: Do You Believe in Global Warming?
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Historical Development
9.3 Current Status of Greenhouse Gas Emission
9.4 Classification of CO2
9.5 Role of Water in Global Warming
9.6 Characterization of Energy Sources
9.7 Problems with the Currently used Models
9.8 Sustainabile Energy Development
9.9 Zero Waste Energy Systems
9.10 Reversing Global Warming: The Role of Technology Development
9.11 Deconstructing the Myth of Global Warming and Cooling
9.12 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 10: Is the 3R’s Mantra Sufficient?
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Petroleum Refining
10.3 Zero Waste in Product Life Cycle (Transportation, Use, and End-of-Life)
10.4 No-Flaring Technique
Chapter 11: Truly Green Refining and Gas Processing
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Pathways of Crude Oil Formation
11.3 Pathways of Crude Oil Refining
11.4 Additives in Oil Refining and their Functions
11.5 Emissions from Oil Refining Activities
11.6 Degradation of Crude and Refined Oil
11.7 Pathways of Natural Gas Processing
11.8 Oil and Condensate Removal from Gas Streams
11.9 Water Removal from Gas Streams
11.10 Separation of Natural Gas Liquids
11.11 Sulfur and Carbon Dioxide Removal
11.12 Problems in Natural Gas Processing
11.13 Innovative Solutions for Natural Gas Processing
11.14 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 12: Greening of Flow Operations
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Hydrate Problems
12.3 Corrosion Problems in the Petroleum Industry
12.4 Green Solutions for Hydrate Control
12.5 Sustainable Approach to Corrosion Prevention
12.6 Bacterial Solutions for Asphaltene and Wax Damage Prevention
Chapter 13: Greening of Enhanced Oil Recovery
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Chemical Flooding Agents
13.3 Greening of CO2 Injection Schemes
13.4 A Novel Microbial Technique
13.5 Humanizing EOR Practices
Chapter 14: Deconstruction of Engineering Myths Prevalent in the Energy Sector
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Sustainable Biofuel Fantasy
14.3 “Clean” Nuclear Energy
Chapter 15: Conclusions
15.1 Introduction
15.2 The HSS®A® (Honey → Sugar → Saccharin® → Aspartame®) Pathway
15.3 HSS®A® Pathway in Energy Management
15.4 The Conclusions
References
Index
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