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Index
Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Abbreviations
Overview
Background
Understanding Informality
Informality in MENA: Levels and Trends
Who Are Informal Workers?
Informality among Firms
Informality in MENA: Exclusion or Choice?
Barriers to Coverage and Policy Options
Notes
References
Chapter 1 How Large Is Informality and Why Do We Care?
What Is Informality?
How to Measure Informality
Why Does Informality Matter?
Informality in MENA
What Causes Informality?
Conclusions
Annex
Notes
References
Chapter 2 Profile and Micro-Determinants of Informality
Introduction
Macroeconomic Context
Informality Profile
Determinants of Informality
Conclusions
Annex
Notes
References
Chapter 3 Informality and the Firm
Introduction
Description of Informality among Firms
Main Costs and Benefits of Informality for Firms
Stylized Facts on Informality among Firms in MENA
Conclusions
Annex
Notes
References
Chapter 4 Informality: Choice or Exclusion?
Introduction
Informality and Wages
Job (Im) Mobility
What Are Informal Jobs Like?
Self-Employment: A Choice?
How Much Are Workers Willing to Contribute to Social Security?
Networks and Intergenerational Persistence
Conclusions
Annex
Notes
References
Chapter 5 Barriers to Coverage and Policy Options
Part 1. Addressing Institutional Barriers and the Low Productivity Trap
Part 2. Extending Social Insurance Coverage
Extending Social Insurance Beyond the Existing Mandatory System: Guiding Tree with Application to MENA
Extending Coverage beyond an Existing Mandatory Social Insurance System
Annex
Notes
References
Boxes
Figures
Tables
Back Cover
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