[Gutenberg 18216] • Pathfinders of the West / Being the Thrilling Story of the Adventures of the Men Who / Discovered the Great Northwest: Radisson, La Vérendrye, / Lewis and Clark by Laut, Agnes C. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

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[Frontispiece: Stealing from the Fort by Night.] Pathfinders of the West

BEING

THE THRILLING STORY OF THE ADVENTURES OF THE MEN WHO DISCOVERED THE GREAT NORTHWEST RADISSON, LA VÉRENDRYE, LEWIS AND CLARK BY A. C. LAUT

AUTHOR OF "LORDS OF THE NORTH," "HERALDS OF EMPIRE," "STORY OF THE TRAPPER" ILLUSTRATIONS BY REMINGTON, GOODWIN, MARCHAND AND OTHERS

NEW YORK GROSSET & DUNLAP PUBLISHERS THE GREAT NORTHWEST

Foreword

ADDENDUM

CONTENTS

PART ONE PIERRE ESPRIT RADISSON CHAPTER I RADISSON'S FIRST VOYAGE CHAPTER II RADISSON'S SECOND VOYAGE CHAPTER III RADISSON'S THIRD VOYAGE CHAPTER IV RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE CHAPTER V RADISSON RENOUNCES ALLEGIANCE TO TWO CROWNS CHAPTER VI RADISSON GIVES UP A CAREER IN THE NAVY FOR THE FUR TRADE CHAPTER VII THE LAST VOYAGE OF RADISSON TO HUDSON BAY PART TWO CHAPTER VIII THE SEARCH FOR THE WESTERN SEA PART THREE CHAPTER IX SAMUEL HEARNE PART FOUR CHAPTER X FIRST ACROSS THE ROCKIES CHAPTER XI LEWIS AND CLARK APPENDIX INDEX

ILLUSTRATIONS

Stealing from the Fort by Night . . . . . . _Frontispiece_ Map of the Great Fur Country Three Rivers in 1757 Map of the Iroquois Country in the Days of Radisson Albany from an Old Print The Battery, New York, in Radisson's Time Fort Amsterdam, from an ancient engraving executed in Holland One of the Earliest Maps of the Great Lakes Paddling past Hostiles Jogues, the Jesuit Missionary, who was tortured by the Mohawks Château de Ramezay, Montreal A Cree Brave, with the Wampum String An Old-time Buffalo Hunt on the Plains among the Sioux Father Marquette, from an old painting discovered in Montreal Voyageurs running the Rapids of the Ottawa River Montreal in 1760 Château St. Louis, Quebec, 1669 A Parley on the Plains Martello Tower of Refuge in Time of Indian Wars--Three Rivers Skin for Skin, Coat of Arms and Motto, Hudson's Bay Company Hudson's Bay Company Coins, made of Lead melted from Tea-chests at York Factory Hudson Bay Dog Trains laden with Furs arriving at Lower Fort Garry, Red River Indians and Hunters spurring to the Fight Fights at the Foothills of the Rockies, between Crows and Snakes Each Man landed with Pack on his Back and trotted away over Portages A Cree Indian of the Minnesota Borderlands A Group of Cree Indians The Soldiers marched out from Mount Royal for the Western Sea Traders' Boats running the Rapids of the Athabasca River The Ragged Sky-line of the Mountains Hungry Hall, 1870 A Monarch of the Plains Fur Traders towed down the Saskatchewan in the Summer of 1900 Tepees dotted the Valley An Eskimo Belle Samuel Hearne Eskimo using Double-bladed Paddle Eskimo Family, taken by Light of Midnight Sun Fort Garry, Winnipeg, a Century Ago Plan of Fort Prince of Wales, from Robson's drawing, 1733-1747 Fort Prince of Wales Beaver Coin of the Hudson's Bay Company Alexander Mackenzie Eskimo trading his Pipe, carved from Walrus Tusk, for the Value of Three Beaver Skins Quill and Beadwork on Buckskin Fort William, Headquarters Northwest Company, Lake Superior Running a Rapid on Mackenzie River Slave Lake Indians Good Hope, Mackenzie River, Hudson's Bay Company Fort The Mouth of the Mackenzie by the Light of the Midnight Sun Captain Meriwether Lewis Captain William Clark Tracking up Stream Typical Mountain Trapper The Discovery of the Great Falls Fighting a Grizzly Packer carrying Goods across Portage Spying on Enemy's Fort Indian Camp at Foothills of Rockies On Guard Indians of the Up-country or Pays d'en Haut

PART I

PIERRE ESPRIT RADISSON

[Illustration: Map of the Great Fur Company.]

Pathfinders of the West

CHAPTER I 1651-1653 RADISSON'S FIRST VOYAGE

[Illustration: Three Rivers in 1757.] [Illustration: Map of the Iroquois country in the days of Radisson.] [Illustration: Albany, from an Old Print.] [Illustration: The Battery, New York, in Radisson's Time.] [Illustration: Fort Amsterdam, from an ancient engraving executed in Holland. This view of Fort Amsterdam on the Manhattan is copied from an ancient engraving executed in Holland. The fort was erected in 1623 but finished upon the above model by Governor Van Twiller in 1635.]

CHAPTER II 1657-1658 RADISSON'S SECOND VOYAGE

[Illustration: One of the earliest maps of the Great Lakes.] [Illustration: Paddling past Hostiles.] [Illustration: Jogues, the Jesuit missionary, who was tortured by the Mohawks. From a painting in Château de Ramezay, Montreal.] [Illustration: Château de Ramezay, Montreal, for years the residence of the governor, and later the storehouse of the fur companies.]

CHAPTER III 1658-1660 RADISSON'S THIRD VOYAGE

[Illustration: A Cree brave, with the wampum string.] [Illustration: An Old-time Buffalo Hunt on the Plains among the Sioux.] [Illustration: Father Marquette, from an old painting discovered in Montreal by Mr. McNab. The date on the picture is 1669.] [Illustration: Voyageurs running the Rapids of the Ottawa River.]

CHAPTER IV 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE

[Illustration: Montreal in 1760: 1, the St. Lawrence; 20, the Dock; 18-19, Arsenal; 16, the Church; 13-15, the Convent and Hospital; 8-12, Sally-ports, River Side; 17, Cannon and Wall; 3-4-5, Houses on Island.] [Illustration: Château St. Louis, Quebec, 1669, from one of the oldest prints in existence.] [Illustration: A parley on the Plains.]

CHAPTER V 1664-1676 RADISSON RENOUNCES ALLEGIANCE TO TWO CROWNS

[Illustration: Martello Tower of Refuge in Time of Indian Wars--Three Rivers.]

CHAPTER VI 1682-1684 RADISSON GIVES UP A CAREER IN THE NAVY FOR THE FUR TRADE

[Illustration: "Skin for Skin," Coat of Arms and Motto, Hudson's Bay Company.] [Illustration: Hudson's Bay Company Coins, made of Lead melted from Tea Chests at York Factory, each Coin representing so many Beaver Skins.]

CHAPTER VII 1684-1710 THE LAST VOYAGE OF RADISSON TO HUDSON BAY

[Illustration: Hudson Bay Dog Trains laden with Furs arriving at Lower Fort Garry, Red River. (Courtesy of C. C. Chipman, Commissioner H. B. Company.)]

PART II CHAPTER VIII 1730-1750 THE SEARCH FOR THE WESTERN SEA[1] I 1731-1736

[Illustration: Indians and Hunters spurring to the Fight.] [Illustration: Fight at the Foot-hills of the Rockies between Crows and Snakes.]

II 1731-1736

[Illustration: "Each man landed with pack on his back, and trotted away over portages."] [Illustration: A Cree Indian of the Minnesota Borderlands.]

III 1732-1736

[Illustration: A Group of Cree Indians.] [Illustration: "The soldiers marched out from Mount Royal."]

IV 1736-1740

[Illustration: Traders' Boats running the Rapids of the Athabasca River.] [Illustration: The Ragged Sky-line of the Mountains.] [Illustration: Hungry Hall, 1870; near the site of the Vérendrye Fort in Rainy River Region.] [Illustration: A Monarch of the Plains.]

V 1740-1750

[Illustration: Fur Traders' Boats towed down the Saskatchewan in the Summer of 1900.]

VI 1743-1750

[Illustration: "Tepees dotted the valley."]

PART III 1769-1782 CHAPTER IX 1769-1782 SAMUEL HEARNE

[Illustration: An Eskimo Belle. Note the apron of ermine and sable]. [Illustration: Samuel Hearne.] [Illustration: Eskimo using Double-bladed Paddle.] [Illustration: Eskimo Family, taken by Light of Midnight Sun.--C. W. Mathers.] [Illustration: Fort Garry, Winnipeg, a Century Ago.] [Illustration: Plan of Fort Prince of Wales, from Robson's Drawing, 1733-47.] [Illustration: Fort Prince of Wales (Churchill), from Hearne's Account, 1799 Edition.] [Illustration: Beaver Coin of Hudson's Bay Company, melted from Old Tea Chests, one Coin representing one Beaver.]

PART IV 1780-1793 CHAPTER X 1780-1793 FIRST ACROSS THE ROCKIES

[Illustration: Alexander Mackenzie, from a Painting of the Explorer.] [Illustration: Eskimo trading his Pipe, carved from Walrus Tusk, for the Value of Three Beaver Skins.] [Illustration: Quill and Bead Work on Buckskin, Mackenzie River Indians.] [Illustration: Fort William, Headquarters Northwest Company, Lake Superior.] [Illustration: Running a Rapid on Mackenzie River.] [Illustration: Slave Lake Indians.] [Illustration: Good Hope, Mackenzie River. Hudson's Bay Company Fort.] [Illustration: The Mouth of the Mackenzie by the Light of the Midnight Sun.—C. W. Mathers.]

CHAPTER XI 1803-1806 LEWIS AND CLARK

[Illustration: Captain Meriwether Lewis.] [Illustration: Captain William Clark.] [Illustration: Tracking Up-stream.] [Illustration: Typical Mountain Trapper.] [Illustration: The Discovery of the Great Falls.] [Illustration: Fighting a Grizzly.] [Illustration: Packer carrying Goods across Portage.] [Illustration: Spying on an Enemy's Fort.] [Illustration: Indian Camp at Foothills of Rockies.] [Illustration: On Guard.] [Illustration: Indians of the Up-country or Pays d'en Haut.]

APPENDIX

APPENDIX A COPY OF LETTER WRITTEN TO M. COMPORTÉ BY M. CHOUART, AT LONDON, THE 29TH APRIL, 1685 APPENDIX B COPY OF LETTER WRITTEN BY M. CHOUART TO MRS. DES GROSEILLERS, HIS MOTHER APPENDIX C COUNCIL COUNCIL APPENDIX D APPENDIX E MEMORANDUM RE CANADA

INDEX

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