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Index
Cover
About the Author
Title Page
Dedication
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Illustrations and Figures
Acknowledgements and Author’s Note
Preface
The Secret of Life Trees
I: What Is a Tree?
1: Trees in Mind
WHAT IS A TREE?
WHY BE A TREE?
HOW MANY KINDS OF TREE ARE THERE?
STILL COUNTING
2: Keeping Track
WHO’S WHO?
WHAT’S IN A NAME?
THE PROS AND CONS OF LATIN AND GREEK
GETTING SORTED
THE FINAL ROAD TO MODERNITY
3: How Trees Became
TRANSFORMATION I: LIFE
TRANSFORMATION 2: ORGANISMS
TRANSFORMATION 3: MODERN-STYLE CELLS
TRANSFORMATION 4: ORGANISMS WITH MANY CELLS
TRANSFORMATION 5: PLANTS COME ON TO LAND
TRANSFORMATION 6: PLANTS WITH ‘VESSELS’ – AND THE FIRST STIRRINGS OF WOOD
The Two Great Lineages of Big Land Plants
TRANSFORMATION 7: PLANTS WITH SEEDS
CYCADS, THE GINKGO AND THE MYSTERIOUS GNETALES: THREE NOBLE ALSO-RANS
4: Wood
II: All the Trees in the World
5: Trees Without Flowers: The Conifers
WHO’S WHO AMONG THE CONIFERS
Kauris, the Monkey-puzzle and the Long-lost Wollemia: FAMILY ARAUCARIACEAE
The Plum Yew and Other East Asians: FAMILY CEPHALOTAXACEAE
Cypresses, Junipers, Swamp Cypresses and Redwoods: FAMILY CUPRESSACEAE
Pines, Firs, Spruces, True Cedars, Larches and Hemlocks: FAMILY PINACEAE
Rimu, Totara, Kahikatea – the Most Various Conifers of All: FAMILY PODOCARPACEAE
The Celery Pines: FAMILY PHYLLOCLADACEAE
A One-off from Southern Japan: FAMILY SCIADOPITYACEAE
The Yews: FAMILY TAXACEAE
6: Trees With Flowers
The Mixed Bag of Primitive Dicots
Magnolias, Custard Apples and Nutmeg: ORDER MAGNOLIALES
Greenheart, Stinkwood and the Green Bay Tree: ORDER LAURALES
Winter’s Bark and White Cinnamon: ORDER CANELLALES
Black Peppers, White Peppers and Dutchman’s Pipe: ORDER PIPERALES
7: From Palms and Screw Pines to Yuccas and Bamboos
Joshua Trees and Dragon Trees: ORDER ASPARAGALES
The‘Screw Pines’: ORDER PANDANALES
The Palms: ORDER ARECALES
Pineapples, Sedges and Grasses – Including Bamboos: ORDER POALES
Bananas and the Traveller’s Palm: ORDER ZINGIBERALES
8: Thoroughly Modern Broadleaves
Grevilleas, Macadamias, Planes and Box: ORDER PROTEALES
An Oddball from Japan and Taiwan: ORDER TROCHODENDRALES
Prickly Trees from Madagascar and ‘Tree’ Cacti: ORDER CARYOPHYLLALES
Sandalwood and the Mistletoes: ORDER SANTALALES
9: From Oaks to Mangoes
Witch Hazels, Katsura and Sweet-gums: ORDER SAXIFRAGALES
Creosote Bushes and the Wood of Life: ORDER ZYGOPHYLLALES
Spindle trees and Khat: ORDER CELASTRALES
Rubber Trees, Mangroves, Willows, Poplars, and Some Truly Prodigious Hardwoods: ORDER MALPIGHIALES
Star fruit and Coachwood: ORDER OXALIDALES
Trees for Fodder, Fuel, Flowers and Beautiful Timbers: ORDER FABALES
Apples, Plums, Elms, Figs and Cecropias: ORDER ROSALES
Oaks, Beeches, Birches, Hazelnuts and Walnuts: ORDER FAGALES
Terminalia, Myrtles and Eucalypts: ORDER MYRTALES
Lindens, Cocoa and Baobabs: ORDER MALVALES
Frankincense and Myrrh, Oranges and Lemons, Maples, Mahogany and Neem: ORDER SAPINDALES
10: From Handkerchief Trees To Teak
Dogwood, Tupelo and the Handkerchief Tree: ORDER CORNALES
Persimmons, Ebony, Chewing Gum, Tea, Heather and Brazil Nuts: ORDER ERICALES
Nightshade, Borage – and Some Very Fine Trees: ORDER SOLANALES
Coffee, Quinine and Some Excellent Timber: ORDER GENTIANALES
Olive, Ash, Jacaranda and Teak: ORDER LAMIALES
Holly: ORDER AQUIFOLIALES
Daisies and Just a Few Trees: ORDER ASTERALES
III: The Life of Trees
11: How Trees Live
EARTH, WATER, AIR AND FIRE
THE PROBLEMS OF WATER
THE SOIL
STRANGE SOILS: MANGROVES AND OUTRIGHT TOXICITY
HOW TREES KNOW WHAT TO DO (AND WHAT TO DO NEXT)
HOW TREES SHAPE THEMSELVES
THE PAST AND THE FUTURE: MEMORY AND ANTICIPATION
12: Which Trees Live Where, and Why
WHY TREES LIVE WHERE THEY DO
AND YET THEY MOVED
REALITY: A FEW CASE HISTORIES
WHY SO MANY TREES IN THE TROPICS?
Heat, Light and Logistics
History
A TALE OF THREE NORTHERNERS
13: The Social Life of Trees
ANIMALS AS GO-BETWEENS
OF FIGS AND WASPS
ENTER THE NEMATODES
COOL FIGS AND HOT FIGS
SCATTERING OF SEED
WHY SOME FIGS HAVE BIG FRUITS DESPITE EVERYTHING: THE MYSTERY SOLVED
THE DODO AND THE TAMBALACOQUE: A SAD TALE WITH A FAIRLY HAPPY ENDING
LIFE’S TORMENTS – AND AUTUMN COLOURS
IV: Trees and US
14: The Future With Trees
THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE OF ALL: CLIMATE
WATER AND SOIL: THE PARTICULARITIES OF RAIN AND FLOOD
A WORLD BUILT ON TREES
FORESTS AND FARMING IN TANDEM: THE PROMISE OF AGROFORESTRY
HOW TO GROW TREES
THE RIGHT KIND OF SCIENCE
WANGARI MAATHAI AND THE GREEN BELT MOVEMENT
Footnotes
5: Trees Without Flowers: The Conifers
Page 121
Notes and Further Reading
1 TREES IN MIND
2 KEEPING TRACK
3 HOW TREES BECAME
4 WOOD
5 TREES WITHOUT FLOWERS
6 TREES WITH FLOWERS: MAGNOLIAS AND OTHER PRIMITIVES
7 FROM PALMS AND SCREW PINES TO YUCCAS AND BAMBOOS
9 FROM OAKS TO MANGOES: THE GLORIOUS INVENTORY OF ROSE-LIKE EUDICOTS
11 HOW TREES LIVE
12 WHICH TREES LIVE WHERE, AND WHY
13 THE SOCIAL LIFE OF TREES
14 THE FUTURE WITH TREES
Glossary
Index
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