Html & Xhtml by Musciano, Chuck -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

HTML & XHTML: The Definitive Guide, 6th Edition

SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with O’Reilly Preface

Our Audience Text Conventions Versions and Semantics HTML Versus XHTML

Deprecated Features A Definitive Guide

Using Code Examples Safari® Enabled Comments and Questions Acknowledgments

1. HTML, XHTML, and the World Wide Web

1.1. The Internet

1.1.1. In the Beginning 1.1.2. HTML and the Web 1.1.3. Golden Threads

1.2. Talking the Internet Talk

1.2.1. Clients, Servers, and Browsers 1.2.2. The Flow of Information 1.2.3. Beneath the Web 1.2.4. Standards Organizations

1.2.4.1. The World Wide Web Consortium 1.2.4.2. The Internet Engineering Task Force

1.3. HTML and XHTML: What They Are 1.4. HTML and XHTML: What They Aren't

1.4.1. Content Versus Appearance

1.5. Standards and Extensions

1.5.1. Nonstandard Extensions 1.5.2. Extensions: Pro and Con 1.5.3. Avoiding Extensions 1.5.4. Extensions Through Modules

1.6. Tools for the Web Designer

1.6.1. Essentials

1.6.1.1. Text processor or WYSIWYG editor? 1.6.1.2. Browser software

1.6.2. An Extended Toolkit

2. Quick Start

2.1. Writing Tools 2.2. A First HTML Document 2.3. Embedded Tags

2.3.1. Start and End Tags

2.4. HTML Skeleton 2.5. The Flesh on an HTML or XHTML Document

2.5.1. Comments 2.5.2. Text 2.5.3. Multimedia

2.6. Text

2.6.1. Appearance of Text

2.6.1.1. Content-based text styles 2.6.1.2. Physical styles 2.6.1.3. Special text characters

2.6.2. Text Structures

2.6.2.1. Divisions, paragraphs, and line breaks 2.6.2.2. Headings 2.6.2.3. Horizontal rules 2.6.2.4. Preformatted text

2.7. Hyperlinks

2.7.1. URLs 2.7.2. Anchors 2.7.3. Hyperlink Names and Navigation 2.7.4. Anchors Beyond

2.8. Images Are Special

2.8.1. Inline Images 2.8.2. Image Maps

2.9. Lists, Searchable Documents, and Forms

2.9.1. Unordered, Ordered, and Definition Lists 2.9.2. Searchable Documents and Forms

2.10. Tables 2.11. Frames 2.12. Stylesheets and JavaScript 2.13. Forging Ahead

3. Anatomy of an HTML Document

3.1. Appearances Can Deceive 3.2. Structure of an HTML Document 3.3. Tags and Attributes

3.3.1. The Syntax of a Tag 3.3.2. Sample Tags 3.3.3. Starting and Ending Tags 3.3.4. Proper and Improper Nesting 3.3.5. Tags Without Ends 3.3.6. Omitting Tags 3.3.7. Ignored or Redundant Tags

3.4. Well-Formed Documents and XHTML 3.5. Document Content

3.5.1. Advice Versus Control 3.5.2. Character Entities 3.5.3. Comments

3.6. HTML/XHTML Document Elements

3.6.1. The <html> Tag

3.6.1.1. The dir attribute 3.6.1.2. The lang attribute 3.6.1.3. The version attribute

3.7. The Document Header

3.7.1. The <head> Tag

3.7.1.1. The dir and lang attributes 3.7.1.2. The profile attribute

3.7.2. The <title> Tag

3.7.2.1. What's in a title? 3.7.2.2. The dir and lang attributes

3.7.3. Related Header Tags

3.8. The Document Body

3.8.1. The <body> Tag 3.8.2. Frames

3.9. Editorial Markup

3.9.1. The <ins> and <del> Tags

3.9.1.1. The cite attribute 3.9.1.2. The datetime attribute 3.9.1.3. The class, dir, event, id, lang, style, title, and events attributes

3.9.2. Using Editorial Markup

3.10. The <bdo> Tag

4. Text Basics

4.1. Divisions and Paragraphs

4.1.1. The <div> Tag

4.1.1.1. The align attribute 4.1.1.2. The nowrap attribute 4.1.1.3. The dir and lang attributes 4.1.1.4. The id attribute 4.1.1.5. The title attribute 4.1.1.6. The class and style attributes 4.1.1.7. Event attributes

4.1.2. The <p> Tag

4.1.2.1. Paragraph rendering 4.1.2.2. The align attribute 4.1.2.3. The dir and lang attributes 4.1.2.4. The class, id, style, and title attributes 4.1.2.5. Event attributes 4.1.2.6. Allowed paragraph content 4.1.2.7. Allowed paragraph usage

4.2. Headings

4.2.1. Heading Tags

4.2.1.1. The align attribute 4.2.1.2. The dir and lang attributes 4.2.1.3. The class, id, style, and title attributes 4.2.1.4. Event attributes

4.2.2. Appropriate Use of Headings 4.2.3. Using Headings for Smaller Text 4.2.4. Allowed Heading Content 4.2.5. Allowed Heading Usage 4.2.6. Adding Images to Headings

4.3. Changing Text Appearance and Meaning

4.3.1. Content-Based Styles 4.3.2. Physical Styles

4.4. Content-Based Style Tags

4.4.1. The <abbr> Tag 4.4.2. The <acronym> Tag 4.4.3. The <cite> Tag 4.4.4. The <code> Tag 4.4.5. The <dfn> Tag 4.4.6. The <em> Tag 4.4.7. The <kbd> Tag 4.4.8. The <samp> Tag 4.4.9. The <strong> Tag 4.4.10. The <var> Tag 4.4.11. The class, style, id, and title Attributes 4.4.12. The dir and lang Attributes 4.4.13. Event Attributes 4.4.14. Summary of Content-Based Tags 4.4.15. Allowed Content 4.4.16. Allowed Usage 4.4.17. Combining Content-Based Styles

4.5. Physical Style Tags

4.5.1. The <b> Tag 4.5.2. The <big> Tag 4.5.3. The <blink> Tag (Obsolete Extension) 4.5.4. The <i> Tag 4.5.5. The <s> Tag (Deprecated) 4.5.6. The <small> Tag 4.5.7. The <strike> Tag (Deprecated) 4.5.8. The <sub> Tag 4.5.9. The <sup> Tag 4.5.10. The <tt> Tag 4.5.11. The <u> Tag (Deprecated) 4.5.12. The dir and lang Attributes 4.5.13. The class, style, id, and title Attributes 4.5.14. Event Attributes 4.5.15. Summary of Physical Style Tags 4.5.16. Allowed Content 4.5.17. Allowed Usage 4.5.18. Combining Physical Styles

4.6. Precise Spacing and Layout

4.6.1. The <br> Tag

4.6.1.1. The clear attribute 4.6.1.2. The class, id, style, and title attributes

4.6.2. The <nobr> Tag (Extension) 4.6.3. The <wbr> Tag (Extension) 4.6.4. Better Line-Breaking Rules 4.6.5. The <pre> Tag

4.6.5.1. Allowable content 4.6.5.2. The width attribute 4.6.5.3. The dir and lang attributes 4.6.5.4. The class, id, style, and title attributes 4.6.5.5. Event attributes

4.6.6. The <center> Tag (Deprecated)

4.6.6.1. The dir and lang attributes 4.6.6.2. The class, id, style, and title attributes 4.6.6.3. Event attributes

4.6.7. The <listing> Tag (Obsolete) 4.6.8. The <xmp> Tag (Obsolete) 4.6.9. The <plaintext> Tag (Obsolete)

4.7. Block Quotes

4.7.1. The <blockquote> Tag

4.7.1.1. The cite attribute 4.7.1.2. The dir and lang attributes 4.7.1.3. The class, id, style, and title attributes 4.7.1.4. Event attributes

4.7.2. The <q> Tag

4.7.2.1. The cite attribute 4.7.2.2. The dir and lang attributes 4.7.2.3. The class, id, style, and title attributes 4.7.2.4. Event attributes

4.8. Addresses

4.8.1. The <address> Tag

4.8.1.1. The dir and lang attributes 4.8.1.2. The class, id, style, and title attributes 4.8.1.3. Event attributes

4.9. Special Character Encoding

4.9.1. Special Characters 4.9.2. Inserting Special Characters

4.10. HTML's Obsolete Expanded Font Handling

4.10.1. The Extended Font Size Model 4.10.2. The <basefont> Tag (Deprecated) 4.10.3. The <font> Tag (Deprecated)

4.10.3.1. The size attribute 4.10.3.2. The color attribute 4.10.3.3. The face attribute 4.10.3.4. The dir and lang attributes 4.10.3.5. The class, id, style, and title attributes

5. Rules, Images, and Multimedia

5.1. Horizontal Rules

5.1.1. The <hr> Tag

5.1.1.1. The size attribute 5.1.1.2. The noshade attribute 5.1.1.3. The width attribute 5.1.1.4. The align attribute 5.1.1.5. The color attribute 5.1.1.6. Combining rule attributes 5.1.1.7. The class, dir, event, id, lang, style, and title attributes

5.1.2. Using Rules to Divide Your Document 5.1.3. Using Rules in Headers and Footers

5.2. Inserting Images in Your Documents

5.2.1. Understanding Image Formats

5.2.1.1. GIF 5.2.1.2. Interlacing, transparency, and animation 5.2.1.3. JPEG 5.2.1.4. PNG

5.2.2. When to Use Images 5.2.3. When to Use Text 5.2.4. Speeding Image Downloads 5.2.5. JPEG, PNG, or GIF? 5.2.6. The <img> Tag

5.2.6.1. The src attribute 5.2.6.2. The lowsrc attribute 5.2.6.3. The alt and longdesc attributes 5.2.6.4. The align attribute 5.2.6.5. Wrapping text around images 5.2.6.6. Centering an image 5.2.6.7. Align and <center> are deprecated 5.2.6.8. The border attribute 5.2.6.9. Removing the image border 5.2.6.10. The height and width attributes 5.2.6.11. Resizing and flood-filling images 5.2.6.12. Problems with height and width 5.2.6.13. The hspace and vspace attributes 5.2.6.14. The ismap and usemap attributes 5.2.6.15. The class, dir, event, id, lang, style, and title attributes 5.2.6.16. The name, onAbort, onError, onLoad, and other event attributes 5.2.6.17. Combining <img> attributes

5.2.7. Video Extensions

5.2.7.1. The dynsrc attribute 5.2.7.2. The controls attribute 5.2.7.3. The loop attribute 5.2.7.4. The start attribute 5.2.7.5. Combining movie <img> attributes

5.3. Document Colors and Background Images

5.3.1. Additions and Extensions to the <body> Tag

5.3.1.1. The bgcolor attribute 5.3.1.2. The background attribute 5.3.1.3. The bgproperties attribute 5.3.1.4. The text attribute 5.3.1.5. The link, vlink, and alink attributes 5.3.1.6. The leftmargin attribute 5.3.1.7. The topmargin attribute 5.3.1.8. The style and class attributes 5.3.1.9. Mixing and matching body attributes

5.3.2. Extending a Warning

5.3.2.1. Problems with background images 5.3.2.2. Problems with background, text, and link colors 5.3.2.3. And then again

5.4. Background Audio

5.4.1. The <bgsound> Tag

5.4.1.1. The src attribute 5.4.1.2. The loop attribute

5.4.2. Alternative Audio Support

5.5. Animated Text

5.5.1. The <marquee> Tag

5.5.1.1. The align attribute 5.5.1.2. The behavior, direction, and loop attributes 5.5.1.3. The bgcolor attribute 5.5.1.4. The height and width attributes 5.5.1.5. The hspace and vspace attributes 5.5.1.6. The scrollamount and scrolldelay attributes

5.6. Other Multimedia Content

5.6.1. Embedded Versus Referenced Content 5.6.2. Referencing Audio, Video, and Images 5.6.3. Appropriate Linking Styles 5.6.4. Embedding Other Document Types

6. Links and Webs

6.1. Hypertext Basics 6.2. Referencing Documents: The URL

6.2.1. Writing a URL

6.2.1.1. Handling reserved and unsafe characters

6.2.2. Absolute and Relative URLs

6.2.2.1. Relative schemes and servers 6.2.2.2. Relative document directories 6.2.2.3. Using relative URLs

6.2.3. The http URL

6.2.3.1. The http server 6.2.3.2. The http port 6.2.3.3. The http path 6.2.3.4. The http document fragment 6.2.3.5. The http search parameter 6.2.3.6. Sample http URLs

6.2.4. The file URL

6.2.4.1. The file server 6.2.4.2. The file path 6.2.4.3. Sample file URLs

6.2.5. The mailto URL

6.2.5.1. Defining mail header fields

6.2.6. The ftp URL

6.2.6.1. The ftp user and password 6.2.6.2. The ftp server and port 6.2.6.3. The ftp path and typecode 6.2.6.4. Sample ftp URLs

6.2.7. The javascript URL

6.2.7.1. The javascript URL arguments

6.2.8. The news URL

6.2.8.1. Accessing entire newsgroups 6.2.8.2. Accessing single messages

6.2.9. The nntp URL

6.2.9.1. The nntp server and port 6.2.9.2. The nntp newsgroup and article 6.2.9.3. Sample nntp URLs

6.2.10. The telnet URL

6.2.10.1. The Telnet user and password 6.2.10.2. The Telnet server and port

6.2.11. The gopher URL

6.2.11.1. The gopher server and port 6.2.11.2. The gopher path

6.3. Creating Hyperlinks

6.3.1. The <a> Tag

6.3.1.1. Allowed content 6.3.1.2. The href attribute 6.3.1.3. The name and id attributes 6.3.1.4. The event attributes 6.3.1.5. The rel and rev attributes 6.3.1.6. The style and class attributes 6.3.1.7. The lang and dir attributes 6.3.1.8. The target attribute 6.3.1.9. The title attribute 6.3.1.10. The charset, hreflang, and type attributes 6.3.1.11. The coords and shape attributes 6.3.1.12. The accesskey and tabindex attributes

6.3.2. Linking to Other Documents 6.3.3. Linking Within a Document

6.4. Creating Effective Links

6.4.1. Lists of Links 6.4.2. Inline References 6.4.3. Linking Dos and Don'ts 6.4.4. Using Images and Links

6.5. Mouse-Sensitive Images

6.5.1. Server-Side Image Maps

6.5.1.1. Server-side considerations

6.5.2. Client-Side Image Maps 6.5.3. The <map> Tag

6.5.3.1. The name attribute 6.5.3.2. The class, id, style, and title attributes 6.5.3.3. The event attributes

6.5.4. The <area> Tag

6.5.4.1. The alt attribute 6.5.4.2. The coords attribute 6.5.4.3. The href attribute 6.5.4.4. The nohref attribute 6.5.4.5. The notab, taborder, and tabindex attributes 6.5.4.6. The event attributes 6.5.4.7. The shape attribute 6.5.4.8. The target attribute 6.5.4.9. The title attribute 6.5.4.10. The class, dir, id, lang, and style attributes

6.5.5. A Client-Side Image-Map Example 6.5.6. Handling Other Browsers 6.5.7. Effective Use of Mouse-Sensitive Images

6.6. Creating Searchable Documents

6.6.1. The <isindex> Tag (Deprecated)

6.6.1.1. The prompt attribute 6.6.1.2. The query URL 6.6.1.3. The action attribute 6.6.1.4. The class, dir, id, lang, style, and title attributes 6.6.1.5. Server dependencies

6.7. Relationships

6.7.1. The <base> Header Element

6.7.1.1. The href attribute 6.7.1.2. The target attribute 6.7.1.3. Using <base>

6.7.2. The <link> Header Element

6.7.2.1. The href attribute 6.7.2.2. The rel and rev attributes 6.7.2.3. The title attribute 6.7.2.4. The type attribute 6.7.2.5. How browsers might use <link> 6.7.2.6. Other <link> attributes

6.8. Supporting Document Automation

6.8.1. The <meta> Header Element

6.8.1.1. The name attribute 6.8.1.2. The content attribute 6.8.1.3. The http-equiv attribute 6.8.1.4. The charset attribute 6.8.1.5. The scheme attribute

6.8.2. The <nextid> Header Element (Archaic)

6.8.2.1. The n attribute

7. Formatted Lists

7.1. Unordered Lists

7.1.1. The <ul> Tag

7.1.1.1. The type attribute 7.1.1.2. Compact unordered lists 7.1.1.3. The style and class attributes 7.1.1.4. The lang and dir attributes 7.1.1.5. The id and title attributes 7.1.1.6. The event attributes

7.2. Ordered Lists

7.2.1. The <ol> Tag

7.2.1.1. The start attribute 7.2.1.2. The type attribute 7.2.1.3. Compact ordered lists 7.2.1.4. The class, dir, id, lang, event, style, and title attributes

7.3. The <li> Tag

7.3.1. Changing the Style and Sequence of Individual List Items

7.3.1.1. The type attribute 7.3.1.2. The value attribute 7.3.1.3. The style and class attributes 7.3.1.4. The class, dir, id, lang, event, style, and title attributes

7.4. Nesting Lists

7.4.1. Nested Unordered Lists 7.4.2. Nested Ordered Lists

7.5. Definition Lists

7.5.1. The <dl> Tag

7.5.1.1. More compact definition lists 7.5.1.2. The class, dir, id, lang, style, title, and event attributes

7.5.2. The <dt> Tag

7.5.2.1. Formatting text with <dt> 7.5.2.2. The class, dir, id, lang, style, title, and event attributes

7.5.3. The <dd> Tag

7.5.3.1. The class, dir, id, lang, style, title, and event attributes

7.6. Appropriate List Usage 7.7. Directory Lists

7.7.1. The <dir> Tag (Deprecated)

7.7.1.1. The <dir> attributes

7.8. Menu Lists

7.8.1. The <menu> Tag (Deprecated)

8. Cascading Style Sheets

8.1. The Elements of Styles

8.1.1. Inline Styles: The style Attribute 8.1.2. Document-Level Stylesheets

8.1.2.1. The type attribute 8.1.2.2. The media attribute 8.1.2.3. The dir, lang, and title attributes

8.1.3. Style-Free Browsers 8.1.4. External Stylesheets

8.1.4.1. Linked external stylesheets 8.1.4.2. Imported external stylesheets

8.1.5. Media-Specific Styles 8.1.6. Linked Versus Imported Stylesheets 8.1.7. Limitations of Current Browsers 8.1.8. Style Comments 8.1.9. Style Precedence

8.2. Style Syntax

8.2.1. The Basics 8.2.2. Multiple Selectors 8.2.3. Contextual Selectors 8.2.4. Universal, Child, and Adjacent Selectors 8.2.5. Attribute Selectors 8.2.6. Pseudoelements

8.3. Style Classes

8.3.1. Regular Classes 8.3.2. Generic Classes 8.3.3. ID Classes 8.3.4. Pseudoclasses

8.3.4.1. Hyperlink pseudoclasses 8.3.4.2. Interaction pseudoclasses 8.3.4.3. Nesting and language pseudoclasses 8.3.4.4. Browser support of pseudoclasses

8.3.5. Mixing Classes 8.3.6. Class Inheritance

8.4. Style Properties

8.4.1. Property Values

8.4.1.1. Keyword property values 8.4.1.2. Length property values 8.4.1.3. Percentage property values 8.4.1.4. URL property values 8.4.1.5. Color property values 8.4.1.6. Angle, time, and frequency property values

8.4.2. Property Inheritance 8.4.3. Font Properties

8.4.3.1. The font-family property 8.4.3.2. The font-size property 8.4.3.3. The font-stretch property 8.4.3.4. The font-size-adjust property 8.4.3.5. The font-style property 8.4.3.6. The font-variant property 8.4.3.7. The font-weight property 8.4.3.8. The font property

8.4.4. Font Selection and Synthesis

8.4.4.1. CSS2 font-matching steps 8.4.4.2. Basic font descriptors 8.4.4.3. The src descriptor 8.4.4.4. Advanced font descriptors

8.4.5. Color and Background Properties

8.4.5.1. The background-color property 8.4.5.2. The background-image property 8.4.5.3. The background-attachment property 8.4.5.4. The background-position property 8.4.5.5. The background-repeat property 8.4.5.6. The background property 8.4.5.7. The color property

8.4.6. Text Properties

8.4.6.1. The letter-spacing property 8.4.6.2. The line-height property 8.4.6.3. The text-align property 8.4.6.4. The text-decoration property 8.4.6.5. The text-indent property 8.4.6.6. The text-shadow property 8.4.6.7. The text-transform property 8.4.6.8. The vertical-align property 8.4.6.9. The word-spacing property

8.4.7. Box Properties

8.4.7.1. The CSS2 formatting model 8.4.7.2. The border properties 8.4.7.3. The border-color property 8.4.7.4. The border-width property 8.4.7.5. The border-style property 8.4.7.6. Borders in shorthand 8.4.7.7. The clear property 8.4.7.8. The clip property 8.4.7.9. The float property 8.4.7.10. The height property 8.4.7.11. The margin properties 8.4.7.12. The padding properties 8.4.7.13. The overflow property 8.4.7.14. The position properties 8.4.7.15. The visibility property 8.4.7.16. The width property 8.4.7.17. The z-index property

8.4.8. List Properties

8.4.8.1. The list-style-image property 8.4.8.2. The list-style-position property 8.4.8.3. The list-style-type property 8.4.8.4. The list-style property 8.4.8.5. Using list properties effectively

8.4.9. Table Properties

8.4.9.1. The border-collapse, border-spacing, and empty-cells properties 8.4.9.2. The caption-side property 8.4.9.3. The speak-header property 8.4.9.4. The table-layout property

8.4.10. Classification Properties

8.4.10.1. The display property 8.4.10.2. The white-space property

8.4.11. Generated Content Properties

8.4.11.1. The :before and :after pseudoelements 8.4.11.2. The content property 8.4.11.3. Specifying quotation marks 8.4.11.4. Creating counters 8.4.11.5. Using counters in your documents 8.4.11.6. Creating markers

8.4.12. Audio Properties

8.4.12.1. The volume property 8.4.12.2. Speaking properties 8.4.12.3. Voice characteristics 8.4.12.4. Pause properties 8.4.12.5. Cue properties 8.4.12.6. Audio mixing 8.4.12.7. Spatial positioning

8.4.13. Paged Media

8.4.13.1. Defining pages 8.4.13.2. Left, right, and first pages 8.4.13.3. Using named pages 8.4.13.4. Controlling pagination 8.4.13.5. Controlling widows and orphans

8.5. Tagless Styles: The <span> Tag 8.6. Applying Styles to Documents

8.6.1. To Style or Not to Style 8.6.2. Which Type of Stylesheet, and When

8.6.2.1. The pros and cons of external styles 8.6.2.2. The pros and cons of document-level styles 8.6.2.3. The pros and cons of inline styles

9. Forms

9.1. Form Fundamentals 9.2. The <form> Tag

9.2.1. The action Attribute 9.2.2. The enctype Attribute

9.2.2.1. The application/x-www-form-urlencoded encoding 9.2.2.2. The multipart/form-data encoding 9.2.2.3. The text/plain encoding

9.2.3. The accept-charset Attribute 9.2.4. The method Attribute

9.2.4.1. POST or GET? 9.2.4.2. Passing parameters explicitly

9.2.5. The target Attribute 9.2.6. The id, name, and title Attributes 9.2.7. The class, style, lang, and dir Attributes 9.2.8. The Event Attributes

9.3. A Simple Form Example 9.4. Using Email to Collect Form Data

9.4.1. Problems with Email Forms

9.5. The <input> Tag

9.5.1. Text Fields in Forms

9.5.1.1. Conventional text fields 9.5.1.2. Masked text controls 9.5.1.3. File-selection controls

9.5.2. Checkboxes 9.5.3. Radio Buttons 9.5.4. Action Buttons

9.5.4.1. Submission buttons 9.5.4.2. Reset buttons 9.5.4.3. Custom image buttons 9.5.4.4. Push buttons 9.5.4.5. Multiple buttons in a single form

9.5.5. Hidden Fields

9.6. The <button> Tag

9.6.1. The <button> Button 9.6.2. The type Attribute

9.7. Multiline Text Areas

9.7.1. The <textarea> Tag

9.7.1.1. The rows and cols attributes 9.7.1.2. The wrap attribute

9.8. Multiple-Choice Elements

9.8.1. The <select> Tag

9.8.1.1. The multiple attribute 9.8.1.2. The size attribute

9.8.2. The <option> Tag

9.8.2.1. The value attribute 9.8.2.2. The selected attribute 9.8.2.3. The label attribute

9.8.3. The <optgroup> Tag

9.8.3.1. The label attribute

9.9. General Form-Control Attributes

9.9.1. The id and title Attributes 9.9.2. The event Attributes 9.9.3. The style, class, lang, and dir Attributes 9.9.4. The tabindex, taborder ‼, and notab ‼ Attributes 9.9.5. The accesskey Attribute 9.9.6. The disabled and readonly Attributes

9.10. Labeling and Grouping Form Elements

9.10.1. The <label> Tag

9.10.1.1. Implicit and explicit associations 9.10.1.2. Other label attributes

9.10.2. Forming a Group

9.10.2.1. The <fieldset> tag 9.10.2.2. The <legend> tag

9.11. Creating Effective Forms

9.11.1. Browser Constraints 9.11.2. Handling Limited Displays 9.11.3. User-Interface Considerations 9.11.4. Creating Forms That Flow 9.11.5. Good Form, Old Chap

9.12. Forms Programming

9.12.1. Returning Results 9.12.2. Handling GET Forms

9.12.2.1. Using named parameters with GET applications 9.12.2.2. Using unnamed parameters with GET applications

9.12.3. Handling POST Forms

10. Tables

10.1. The Standard Table Model

10.1.1. Table Contents 10.1.2. An Example Table 10.1.3. Missing Features

10.2. Basic Table Tags

10.2.1. The <table> Tag

10.2.1.1. The align attribute (deprecated) 10.2.1.2. The bgcolor and background attributes 10.2.1.3. The border attribute 10.2.1.4. The frame and rules attributes 10.2.1.5. The bordercolor, bordercolorlight, and bordercolordark attributes 10.2.1.6. The cellspacing attribute 10.2.1.7. The cellpadding attribute 10.2.1.8. Combining the border, cellspacing, and cellpadding attributes 10.2.1.9. The cols attribute 10.2.1.10. The valign and nowrap attributes 10.2.1.11. The width and height attributes 10.2.1.12. The summary attribute 10.2.1.13. The hspace and vspace attributes

10.2.2. Common Table Attributes

10.2.2.1. The id and title attributes 10.2.2.2. The dir and lang attributes 10.2.2.3. The class and style attributes 10.2.2.4. The event attributes

10.2.3. The <tr> Tag

10.2.3.1. The align and valign attributes 10.2.3.2. The char and charoff attributes 10.2.3.3. The bgcolor and background attributes 10.2.3.4. The bordercolor, bordercolorlight, and bordercolordark attributes 10.2.3.5. The nowrap attribute

10.2.4. The <th> and <td> Tags

10.2.4.1. The align and valign attributes 10.2.4.2. The width attribute 10.2.4.3. The height attribute 10.2.4.4. The colspan attribute 10.2.4.5. The rowspan attribute 10.2.4.6. Combining the colspan and rowspan attributes 10.2.4.7. The nowrap attribute 10.2.4.8. The bgcolor and background attributes 10.2.4.9. The bordercolor, bordercolorlight, and bordercolordark attributes 10.2.4.10. The char and charoff attributes 10.2.4.11. The headers and scope attributes 10.2.4.12. The abbr attribute 10.2.4.13. The axis attribute

10.2.5. The <caption> Tag

10.2.5.1. The align and valign attributes 10.2.5.2. The many other attributes

10.3. Advanced Table Tags

10.3.1. Defining Table Sections 10.3.2. The <thead> Tag 10.3.3. The <tfoot> Tag 10.3.4. The <tbody> Tag 10.3.5. Using Table Sections 10.3.6. Defining Column Groups 10.3.7. The <colgroup> Tag

10.3.7.1. The span attribute 10.3.7.2. When to span and col 10.3.7.3. The other <colgroup> attributes

10.3.8. The <col> tag

10.3.8.1. The span attribute 10.3.8.2. The other <col> attributes

10.3.9. Using Column Groups

10.4. Beyond Ordinary Tables

11. Frames

11.1. An Overview of Frames 11.2. Frame Tags

11.2.1. What's in a Frame?

11.3. Frame Layout

11.3.1. The <frameset> Tag

11.3.1.1. The rows and cols attributes 11.3.1.2. The border, frameborder, framespacing, and bordercolor attributes 11.3.1.3. Frames and JavaScript 11.3.1.4. Other <frameset> attributes

11.3.2. Nesting <frameset> Tags

11.4. Frame Contents

11.4.1. The <frame> Tag

11.4.1.1. The src attribute 11.4.1.2. The name and id attributes 11.4.1.3. The noresize attribute 11.4.1.4. The scrolling attribute 11.4.1.5. The marginheight and marginwidth attributes 11.4.1.6. The frameborder and bordercolor attributes 11.4.1.7. The title and longdesc attributes

11.5. The <noframes> Tag

11.5.1. <noframes> Attributes

11.6. Inline Frames

11.6.1. The <iframe> Tag

11.6.1.1. The align attribute 11.6.1.2. The height and width attributes

11.6.2. Using Inline Frames

11.7. Named Frame or Window Targets

11.7.1. The target Attribute for the <a> Tag 11.7.2. Special Targets 11.7.3. The <base> Default Target 11.7.4. Traditional Link Behavior

11.8. XFrames

11.8.1. An XFrames Document 11.8.2. XFrames URLs

12. Executable Content

12.1. Applets and Objects

12.1.1. The Object Model

12.1.1.1. The applet model 12.1.1.2. The applet advantage 12.1.1.3. Using applets correctly 12.1.1.4. Writing applets

12.2. Embedded Content

12.2.1. The <object> Tag

12.2.1.1. The classid attribute 12.2.1.2. The codebase attribute 12.2.1.3. The archive attribute 12.2.1.4. The codetype attribute 12.2.1.5. The data attribute 12.2.1.6. The type attribute 12.2.1.7. The align, class, border, height, hspace, style, vspace, and width attributes 12.2.1.8. The declare attribute 12.2.1.9. The id, name, and title attributes 12.2.1.10. The shapes and usemap attributes 12.2.1.11. The standby attribute 12.2.1.12. The tabindex and notab attributes 12.2.1.13. The dir and lang attributes 12.2.1.14. Object event handling 12.2.1.15. Supporting incompatible browsers

12.2.2. The <param> Tag

12.2.2.1. The id, name, and value attributes 12.2.2.2. The type and valuetype attributes

12.2.3. The <applet> Tag (Deprecated)

12.2.3.1. Applet rendering 12.2.3.2. The align attribute 12.2.3.3. The alt attribute 12.2.3.4. The archive attribute 12.2.3.5. The code and codebase attributes 12.2.3.6. The name attribute 12.2.3.7. The height, hspace, vspace, and width attributes 12.2.3.8. The mayscript attribute 12.2.3.9. The title attribute 12.2.3.10. The object attribute

12.2.4. The <embed> Tag (Extension)

12.2.4.1. The align, border, height, hspace, vspace, and width attributes 12.2.4.2. The hidden attribute 12.2.4.3. The name attribute 12.2.4.4. The palette attribute 12.2.4.5. The pluginspage attribute 12.2.4.6. The src attribute 12.2.4.7. The type attribute 12.2.4.8. The units attribute

12.2.5. The <noembed> Tag (Extension)

12.3. JavaScript

12.3.1. The <script> Tag

12.3.1.1. The language and type attributes 12.3.1.2. The src and charset attributes 12.3.1.3. The defer attribute

12.3.2. The <noscript> Tag 12.3.3. JavaScript Event Handlers

12.3.3.1. Standard event handler attributes 12.3.3.2. The mouse-related events 12.3.3.3. The keyboard events 12.3.3.4. Document events

12.3.4. javascript URLs 12.3.5. JavaScript Entities 12.3.6. The <server> Tag

12.4. JavaScript Stylesheets (Antiquated)

12.4.1. JavaScript Stylesheet Syntax

12.4.1.1. External, document-level, and inline JSS 12.4.1.2. JSS values 12.4.1.3. Defining styles for tags 12.4.1.4. Defining style classes 12.4.1.5. Using contextual styles

12.4.2. JavaScript Stylesheet Properties

13. Dynamic Documents

13.1. An Overview of Dynamic Documents

13.1.1. Another Word of Caution

13.2. Client-Pull Documents

13.2.1. Uniquely Refreshing 13.2.2. The Refresh Header Contents

13.2.2.1. Refreshing the same document 13.2.2.2. Refreshing with a different document 13.2.2.3. Cycling between documents

13.2.3. Pulling Non-HTML Content 13.2.4. Combining Refresh with Other HTTP Header Fields

13.2.4.1. A random URL generator

13.2.5. Performance Considerations

13.3. Server-Push Documents

13.3.1. The Multipart/Mixed Media Type 13.3.2. The Multipart/X-Mixed-Replace Media Type 13.3.3. Exploiting Multipart Documents

13.3.3.1. Efficiency considerations

13.3.4. Creating a Server-Push Document

13.3.4.1. Server-push example application for NCSA and Apache httpd

14. Mobile Devices

14.1. The Mobile Web

14.1.1. Devices

14.1.1.1. Mobile phones 14.1.1.2. PDAs 14.1.1.3. Convergence devices

14.1.2. Cellular Access

14.1.2.1. Low speed 14.1.2.2. High-speed cellular access 14.1.2.3. WiFi

14.2. Device Considerations

14.2.1. Browser Constraints 14.2.2. Input Constraints 14.2.3. Network Constraints 14.2.4. Display Constraints

14.3. XHTML Basic

14.3.1. Supported Tags

14.3.1.1. Basic content 14.3.1.2. Images, objects, and scripting 14.3.1.3. Lists 14.3.1.4. Forms 14.3.1.5. Tables 14.3.1.6. Document header

14.3.2. Design Versus Intent

14.4. Effective Mobile Web Design

14.4.1. Understand Your User 14.4.2. Links and Navigation 14.4.3. Forms 14.4.4. Layout and Presentation

14.4.4.1. Stylesheets 14.4.4.2. Text fonts 14.4.4.3. Margins and spacing

14.4.5. Images 14.4.6. General Advice

15. XML

15.1. Languages and Metalanguages

15.1.1. Creation Versus Display 15.1.2. A Little History

15.2. Documents and DTDs 15.3. Understanding XML DTDs

15.3.1. Comments 15.3.2. Entities 15.3.3. Entity Declarations 15.3.4. Elements

15.4. Element Grammar

15.4.1. Sequence, Choice, Grouping, and Repetition 15.4.2. Multiple Grammar Rules 15.4.3. XML Element Grammar 15.4.4. Mixed Element Content 15.4.5. Empty Elements

15.5. Element Attributes

15.5.1. Attribute Values 15.5.2. Required and Default Attributes

15.6. Conditional Sections 15.7. Building an XML DTD

15.7.1. An XML Address DTD 15.7.2. Using the Address DTD

15.8. Using XML

15.8.1. Creating Your Own Markup Language 15.8.2. Document Exchange 15.8.3. Connecting Systems 15.8.4. Standardizing HTML

16. XHTML

16.1. Why XHTML?

16.1.1. XHTML Document Type Definitions

16.2. Creating XHTML Documents

16.2.1. Declaring Document Types 16.2.2. Understanding Namespaces 16.2.3. A Minimal XHTML Document

16.3. HTML Versus XHTML

16.3.1. Correctly Nested Elements 16.3.2. End Tags 16.3.3. Handling Empty Elements 16.3.4. Case Sensitivity 16.3.5. Quoted Attribute Values 16.3.6. Explicit Attribute Values 16.3.7. Handling Special Characters 16.3.8. The id and name Attributes

16.4. XHTML 1.1

16.4.1. Differences in XHTML 1.1

16.5. Should You Use XHTML?

16.5.1. The Dusty Deck Problem 16.5.2. Automatic Conversion 16.5.3. Lenient Browsers and Lazy Authors 16.5.4. Time, Money, and Standards 16.5.5. Man Versus Machine 16.5.6. What to Do?

17. Tips, Tricks, and Hacks

17.1. Top of the Tips

17.1.1. Design for Your Audience 17.1.2. Consistent Documents

17.2. Cleaning Up After Your HTML Editor

17.2.1. Where Did My Document Go? 17.2.2. When and Why to Edit the Editor 17.2.3. Use the Best

17.3. Tricks with Tables

17.3.1. Multicolumn Pages

17.3.1.1. Basic multicolumn layout 17.3.1.2. Straddle heads

17.3.2. Side Heads 17.3.3. Better Forms Layout

17.3.3.1. Basic forms layout 17.3.3.2. Building forms with nested tables

17.4. Tricks with Windows and Frames

17.4.1. Targeting Windows 17.4.2. Overriding Others' Targets 17.4.3. Multiple Frames in One Link

A. HTML Grammar

A.1. Grammatical Conventions

A.1.1. Typographic and Naming Conventions A.1.2. Punctuation Conventions

A.1.2.1. Alternation A.1.2.2. Repetition A.1.2.3. Optional elements

A.1.3. More Details A.1.4. Predefined Nonterminals

A.2. The Grammar

B. HTML/XHTML Tag Quick Reference

B.1. Core Attributes B.2. HTML Quick Reference

C. Cascading Style Sheet Properties Quick Reference D. The HTML 4.01 DTD E. The XHTML 1.0 DTD F. Character Entities G. Color Names and Values

G.1. Color Values G.2. Color Names G.3. The Standard Color Map

H. Netscape Layout Extensions

H.1. Creating Whitespace

H.1.1. The <spacer> Tag (Antiquated)

H.1.1.1. Creating horizontal space H.1.1.2. Creating vertical space H.1.1.3. Creating blocks of space

H.1.2. Mimicking the <spacer> Tag

H.2. Multicolumn Layout

H.2.1. The <multicol> Tag (Antiquated)

H.2.1.1. The cols attribute H.2.1.2. The gutter attribute H.2.1.3. The width attribute H.2.1.4. The style and class attributes

H.2.2. Multiple Columns and Other Browsers H.2.3. Effective Multicolumn Layouts

H.3. Layers

H.3.1. The <layer> Tag (Antiquated)

H.3.1.1. The name attribute H.3.1.2. The left and top attributes H.3.1.3. The above, below, and z-index attributes H.3.1.4. The background and bgcolor attributes H.3.1.5. The visibility attribute H.3.1.6. The width attribute H.3.1.7. The src attribute H.3.1.8. The clip attribute H.3.1.9. The style and class attributes

H.3.2. The <ilayer> Tag (Antiquated)

H.3.2.1. The top and left attributes H.3.2.2. Combining <layer> and <ilayer>

Index Colophon SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with O’Reilly

← Prev
Back
Next →

← Prev
Back
Next →