Moving the Earth by Nichols, Herbert L. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page Moving the Earth Copyright Page Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Part 1 The Work

Chapter 1. Land Clearing and Controls

Machines and Workers Erosion Control Disposal Contaminated Ground Brush Clearing Tree Removal Dangers Stumps Pushing and Digging Out Pulling Stumps Winches Multiple Lines Wood Disposal Burning Stumps Burning Brush Fire Control Boulders and Buildings

Chapter 2. Surveys and Measurements

General Considerations Telescopic Levels Self-Leveling Level Leveling Rod Use of Level Locations Instrument Adjustments Laser Lasers above Ground Global Positioning System Grading Instruments on Equipment Distance Meters Minor Instruments Stringline MEASURES OF PRODUCTION In-Place Measurements Production Measurements Types of Production Swell and Shrinkage Containers Output

Chapter 3. Rock, Soil, and Mud

Soil and Rock Traction Flotation Compaction MUD Nature of Mud Equipment for Mud Temporary Roads Platforms Wet Digging Mud Blasting for Fill Settlement Stabilization Fills STUCK MACHINERY Trucks Crawler Tractors Shovels Hydraulic Backhoes Jumping the Track

Chapter 4. Basements

Preliminary Work Digging Open-Front Method Front-End Loader Backhoe Excavator Other Shovel Rigs Multiple Basements Contractor’s Setup Haulaway Digging Deep Building Basement Shovel Teams Backhoe Excavation Groundwater Shoring Rock Hillside Sites

Chapter 5. Ditching and Dewatering

DITCHING Ditching with a Backhoe Other Shovel Rigs Other Ditchers Rock Caving of Banks Stream Crossing Permanent Ditches Pipe and Conduit Trenches Backfilling DEWATERING Drainage Bridges Culvert Design Laying Corrugated Pipe Laying Concrete Pipe Other Forms of Construction Backfill Fords and Dips Soil Moisture Subsurface Drainage Tile Drains Vertical Drains Excavations Pumping Basement Drainage

Chapter 6. Ponds and Earth Dams

Wetlands Swamp Reclamation Dragline Size Stream Control Shores Special Problems Dams Drains Spillways Water Supply and Losses Pond Maintenance Hydraulic Dredges

Chapter 7. Landscaping and Agricultural Grading

LANDSCAPING Choosing the Site Shaping the Land Finishing Off Tree Protection and Removal Driveways AGRICULTURAL GRADING Need for Grading Terracing Gullies Control Land Leveling Irrigation Drainage

Chapter 8. Roadways

Road Types Roadway Layout Stakes Gravel Roads Sidehill Cuts Bank Slopes Through Cuts Scrapers Pusher Work Patterns Shovel Cuts Loader Cuts Fills Scraper Fills Drainage Job Study Yardage Calculation

Chapter 9. Blasting and Tunneling

Purposes of Rock Excavation Borehole Patterns Controlled Blasting Explosives Ammonium Nitrate Slurry (Water Gel) Initiators Priming Handling Explosives Loading Lighting Fuses Electrical Firing Light blasting Rock Mechanics Damage DIGGING UNDERGROUND Tunnel Work Hand Tunneling Microtunneling Large Tunnels Shafts Headings Mucking Boring Hauling Water Rock Support Soft Ground Tunneling Mining Room-and-Pillar Excavation Stoping Block Caving Forecasting Rockfalls

Chapter 10. Pit Operation

Stripping Overburden Sidecasting Haul-Away Stripping Topsoil Gravel, Sand, and Clay Loading out of the Bank Level Digging Surface Water Groundwater Pit Planning Processing Plants Hauling Selective Digging Stockpiling Segregation Refuse Disposal Pit Linings Sanitary Fill

Chapter 11. Costs and Management

Bookkeeping Definition of Costs Receivables Machinery Purchase Depreciation Depreciation Schedules Depreciation Reserve Investment Interest Financing Other Ownership Costs Web Collaboration for Construction Equipment Work Hours Operating Expense Maintenance and Repair Tires Labor Working Time Equipment Selection Equipment Rental Estimating Contracts Critical-Path Scheduling Causes of Failure Accidents Insurance Bonds

Part 2 The Machines

Chapter 12. Basic Information

Principles of Leverage Gears Shafts Bushings and Bearings Transmission Chain Drives Belt Drives Inclined Planes Controls Electric Drive Wheel Steering Brakes Clutch Fluid Drives Torque Converter Air Motors Cable (Wire Rope) Cable Systems Chain Hydraulics Pumps Valves Lines and Fittings Reservoir Cylinders and Motors Seals and Filters Maintenance Lubricants Cabs Power Plants Governor Gasoline Power Diesel Engines Exhaust Conditioners Fuel Consumption Power Hauler Power Train Travel Resistance Tires Tire Wear Tire Life Tire Ballast Tire Chains Operator Responsibility Prestart Check Starting the Engine Stopping Safety

Chapter 13. Revolving Shovels and Excavators

Background Basic Shovel Revolving Unit Crawler Travel Unit Rubber Mountings Hydraulic Full-Revolving Excavators Hydraulic System Travel Unit Backhoe Attachment Gradall Excavator for Pipelaying Compact or Mini-Excavators Dragline Walking Draglines Clamshell Dipper Shovel Attachment Electric Shovels Mining Shovel Operating and Maintaining a Shovel Partial-Swing Shovels Other Attachments Operation of Full-Swing Hoes Tractor-Mounted Backhoe Operation

Chapter 14. Conveyor Machinery

CONVEYORS Conveyor Belts Stacker Belt Loaders Portable Belt Loaders Wheel Excavator with Boom Blade-Fed Belts Machinery for Use Underground DITCHERS Wheel Ditchers Chain or Drag Trenchers PUMP EXCAVATORS Hydraulic Dredges Operation Hydraulic Fills Cleanup Dredge Spoil Separation Hydraulicking

Chapter 15. Tractors and Bulldozers

TRACTORS Crawler Tractors Operation—Mechanical Drive Operation—with Torque Converter Different Control Systems Wheel Tractors Four-Wheel Drive Two-Wheel Drive Three-Point Hitch BULLDOZERS General Description Bulldozer Used for Grading Pushers Dozer Repairs and Costs Bulldozer Operation Special Constructions

Chapter 16. Front-End Loaders

Front Loader Crawler Mounting Wheel Mountings Skid Steer Compact Loaders and Excavators Compact Equipment Attachments Two-Wheel Drive Digging Truck Loading Operation—Two-Wheel-Drive Loader Hauling Handling Oversize Bulldozer Work Multipurpose (4-in-1) Bucket Other Special Buckets Overshot Mucker

Chapter 17. Scrapers

Place in Earthmoving Tractor-Scraper Scraper Tractor Pusher Two-engine Scraper Elevating Scraper Towed Scraper Loading Haul Dumping and Spreading Return Trailer Scraper Operation Grading Stumps and Boulders Job Factors How Big a Load? Land Levelers Light Scrapers

Chapter 18. Trucks and Trailers

DUMP TRUCKS On-highway Trucks Tires Power Train Body Heavy Trucks Tandem Drive Off the Road Electric Drive Traction Articulated Trucks All Surface Vehicles Trailers and Wagons Bottom and Side Dumps Driving a Dump Truck Trailer Operation MACHINERY TRAILERS Construction Loading

Chapter 19. Grading and Compacting Machinery

GRADERS Motor Grader Heavy Grader Blade and Mounting Controls Optional Equipment Articulated (Frame) Steering Automatic Controls Heavy Grader Operation Light Graders Towed Graders Automatic Lane Processors Frame Subframe Components Hydraulic System Manual Controls Automatic Controls Operating Characteristics COMPACTORS Compaction Steel Wheel Rollers Operation Other Drum Rollers Rubber-Tire Rollers Vibratory Rollers Tampers and Vibrators

Chapter 20. Compressors and Drills

Compressors Rotary Compression Air Lines and Accessories Breakers and Diggers Percussion Rock Drills Steels, Rods, and Pipes Percussion Bits Rotary Bits and Drive Hole Cleaning Noise Suppression Hand Drilling Power Feeds Mountings Booms Track-Mounted Drill Track-Mounted Drill Operation Mobile Tower Drills Auger Drills Horizontal Directional Drilling Pneumatic Underground Piercers Deep Rotary Drills Caisson Drills Shaft Sinking Tunneling Machines

Chapter 21. Auxiliary Equipment

Tractor-Mounted Ripper Cable Layers Land-Clearing Tackle Dozer Equipment Choppers, Shredders, and Chippers Water Pumps Submersibles Pump Operation Grizzlies and Screens Processing Plants Maintenance Trucks and Lubrication Equipment Tire Handling

Appendix Glossary Index

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