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Index
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Classical Trade Protectionism 1815—1914
Routledge Explorations In Economic History
Introduction
Notes
Part I: Assessing the Intensity of Nineteenth-Century Protectionism
1: The Myth of Free-Trade Britain and Fortress Francetariffs and Trade in the Nineteenth Century1
Notes
2: Free Trade and Protection in Nineteenth-Century Britain and Revisited A Comment on Nye
Notes
3: Protectionism is “Special”Reply to Irwin on Free Trade
Notes
4: Measuring Protection A Cautionary Tale
Introduction: Measuring Protection
The Trade Restrictiveness Index and A Generic Model
France and the Uk: Nineteenth-Century Fortresses or Free Traders?
The Tri and Model Specification: Sensitivity Analysis
Conclusions
Notes
5: Measuring Protection in the Early Twentieth Century
Introduction
Comparative Measures of Protection in the Early Twentieth Century
The Model
Estimating an Inter-Industry Trade Model in 1913
Measuring Protection in the Early Twentieth Century
Concluding Remarks
Appendix 5.1
Notes
6: Assessing the Protectionist Intensity of Tariffs in Nineteenth-Century European Trade Policy
A ‘Cautionary Tale’: Fiscal Britain Versus Protectionist France
The Role of Revenue And Protective Tariffs in Nineteenth-Century Trade Policy
Industrial, Fiscal Tariffs and the Classic Index Problem
Conclusion
Appendix
Notes
Part II: The Impact and Implications of Tariff Barriers
7: Tariffs and Growth in the Late Nineteenth Century
Late-Nineteenth-Century Tariff Policies
Late-Nineteenth-Century Tariffs and Growth: Sources and Methods
Tariffs and Growth: Some Cross-Country Evidence
Discussion
Research Agenda
Appendix 7.1 Data Sources
Notes
8: Interpreting the Tariff–Growth Correlation of the Late Nineteenth Century
The Tariffs–Growth Relationship: Country Evidence
What Explains the High Tariffs?
Conclusions
Notes
9: The Impact of Late-Nineteenth-Century Tariffs on the Productivity of European Industries (1870–1930)1
Identifying the Impact of Tariff Barriers on Industrial Development
Measuring the Protective Intensity of European Tariffs for Industry, 1870–1913
Levels of Production and Labour Productivity in Europe's Industries, 1870–19
Appendix 9.1
Notes
10: Protection and Italian Economic Development Much Ado About Nothing
Introduction
Italian Trade Policy 1820–1940: Interpretations and Controversies
How High Was Protection?
Trade Policy and Structural Change
Trade Policy and the Distribution of Income
Some Thoughts on the Causes of Protection
Summary: What Have We Learned?
Notes
11: From Virtual Free-Trade to Virtual Protectionism or, Did Protectionism Have any Part In Germany’S Rise to Commercial Power 1850–19131
The Rise of German Trading Power
The Impact of German Tariff Policy
Conclusion
Notes
12: Protectionism and Portuguese Industrialisation
Introduction
The Evolution of Protectionism
The Background to Protectionism: Public Finance and Pressure Groups
The Effects of Protectionism on the Structure of the Portuguese Economy
Conclusion
Appendix 12.1 A Note on the Main Portuguese Tariff Laws
Notes
13: Spanish Protectionism During the óN, 1875–19301
Introduction
What Do We Know About the Evolution of Protectionism in Spain?
How to Measure Protection
Levels, Changes and the Singularity of Protection During the Restauración Period
The Nature and the Scope of Protection in Spain
The Fiscal and Agricultural Components of the 1906 Tariff
Conclusions
Appendix
Notes
14: The Role of Open Economy Forces in Portugal and the Balkans, 1870–19131
Introduction
The Ranking of Per Capita Income Levels in Europe and its Uses
Foreign Trade, Commercial Policy and the Economy
Foreign Capital, Financial Probity and Infrastructures
Conclusions
Appendix 14.1
Notes
15: A Model of Later-Nineteenth-Century European Economic Development
The Historical Background
The Key Variables in European Development
Model Structure and European Characteristics
Model Estimation and Implications
Conclusion
Notes
References
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