[Practice Makes Perfect 01] • Practice Makes Perfect Basic Japanese by Sato, Eriko -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Introduction 1 Let’s say and write Japanese words!

Basic Japanese sounds and kana characters The first 10 hiragana The second 10 hiragana The third 10 hiragana The last 16 hiragana Basic vocabulary with simple sounds

Words for body parts Words for nature

Double consonants, long vowels, and family terms

Small つ Adding a vowel Addressing older family members

Diacritics for voiced and plosive sounds and food terms

Diacritics ゛ and ̊ Names of Japanese food

Palatalized sounds

Using small や ya, ゆ yu, or よ yo Japanese words you might already know

Reading basic katakana Special katakana combinations

Country names written in katakana

Writing sentences Kanji

2 Getting to know someone

Introducing yourself with はじめまして Hajimemashite

Occupational and respectful titles

Asking どちらからですか Dochira kara desu ka (Where are you from?)

The question word どちら dochira and the particle から kara Personal pronouns あなた anata, 私 watashi, and 僕 boku Names for countries, regions, and cities

Describing the nationality of a person

To say “x is y” with . . . は wa . . . です desu To express additional items with . . . も mo Nationality Languages

Referring to someone with あの ano . . .

あの ano Words for people

Describing the occupation of a person

Creating a modifier using a noun and の no Words for occupation Words for institutions

Talking about family members Asking questions

Asking yes/no questions Answering with “yes” or “no” Asking “who?”

Greeting and parting

Greeting Parting

Thanking and apologizing

Saying “thank you” Apologizing

Referring to things around you

Demonstrative adjectives Things around you Demonstrative pronouns これ kore, それ sore, and あれ are

Asking “which?” “what?” and “whose?”

The question word どの dono or どれ dore (which) The question word 何 nani/nan (what) The question word だれの dare no (whose)

3 Using numbers

Numbers from 1 to 10 Numbers from 11 to 99 Numbers from 100 to 99,999 Expressing age with the counter 歳 sai Telephone numbers Telling time

Counters for time: 時 ji and 分 fun Relative time expressions Daily time frames

The calendar

Days of the week Months Days of the month

Asking “when?”

Question word いつ itsu (when) Japanese national holidays

Asking “how much?” at a store

Things you might buy at an electronics store Asking “how much?” with いくら ikura Shopping by saying . . . をください o kudasai Listing nouns with と to

Asking “how many?” with counters

Using number phrases in a sentence Frequently used counters

4 Around town

Basic verb forms and verb classes

Dictionary and masu forms of verbs Ru and u verbs

Frequently used verbs Going to the supermarket

Showing the destination with に ni or へ e The polite non-past negative suffix ません masen The negative scope marker は wa Places around town Stores: . . . 屋 ya

Asking “where?” and saying anywhere, somewhere, and nowhere

Asking “where?” Existential pronouns Negative pronouns

Habitual actions

Asking about habitual actions with よく yoku (often) Frequency adverbs

Making suggestions

. . . ませんか masen ka and . . . ましょう mashoˉ Specifying an absolute time with に ni Saying approximately Expressing the purpose of going with . . . に行く ni iku

Transportation

Specifying the form of transportation with で de Words for transportation Counters for hours and minutes Sentence-ending particles ね ne and よ yo

5 Talking about activities

Recurring activities

Words for proportional frequency The direct object marker を o Daily routines Specifying the location of activities with で de Activities on weekends The verb to play

Identifying the action performer

Specifying the action performer with the subject marker が ga Specifying the accompanying action performer with と to

Talking about the past

. . . ました mashita and ませんでした masendeshita The conjunctions それから sorekara，でも demo，and ですから desukara

Expressing your plans

. . . つもりです tsumori desu Nai form

Telling what you can do: Potential form Making requests

Te form Requesting with . . . てください te kudasai

Talking about “now” with . . . ている te iru

Progressive state Habitual state Resulting state Adverbs for intervals Adverbs for the aspects of an action

6 Talking about people and things and their locations

Existential verbs ある aru, いる iru, and いらっしゃる irassharu

Pronouns for locations Animals Plants . . . に(は) . . . があります／います . . . ni (wa) . . . ga arimasu/imasu . . . は . . . にあります／います . . . wa . . . ni arimasu/imasu

In a house

Rooms and areas in a house Household items Things in a bedroom

Expressing where things are

Relative location words Compass directions

Giving directions

Useful landmarks for giving directions Actions needed for giving directions Marking the area covered by movement with を o Marking the direction with に ni The conjunction そうすると soˉ suruto (then) The ordinal counter creator . . . 目 me

Expressing human relationships Expressing events and incidents

Words for scheduled events Words for accidents, incidents, and disasters The conjunction それで sorede (as a result)

7 Describing things

Adjective types Describing buildings and rooms

Adjectives in the non-past forms Describing buildings Describing rooms Encouraging someone to do something with どうぞ doˉzo Entering your friend’s house with おじゃまします ojamashimasu

Character of a person

Personality Question words for state: どんな donna and どう doˉ Adverbs of degree

Appearance of a person

Double subject Words for describing the appearance of people

Language learning

Expressing degree of difficulty with . . . にくい nikui and . . . やすい yasui Words for describing courses The conjunction それに soreni

Deciding on a travel destination

Sightseeing attractions Description of places Seasons and climates Listing examples with や ya Places you may visit in Japan

Describing a meal at a restaurant

Adjectives in the past tense Words for ethnic cuisine Words for tastes

Preferences and skills

Indicating what you like and dislike with が ga Words for preferences Nominalizing a verb with の no Words for skills

Saying what you want

Expressing desire with ほしい hoshii Expressing desire with . . . たい tai

Clothing

Words for colors Words for sizes Descriptions of clothing Showing excessiveness with . . . すぎる sugiru Words for clothing and accessories Verbs for wearing Trying on clothing:. . . みる miru Polite shop language: ございます gozaimasu

Adverbs

Adverbs derived from adjectives The adverb + する suru

Comparisons

Comparing two items to each other Equivalent-degree comparisons Superlative comparisons Words for classes of items

8 Making connections

Stating what you think with 思います omoimasu

The quotation particle と to Plain forms in the non-past tense

Using a relative clause Using . . . んです n desu for making connections in conversation Asking “why?”

Asking for a reason with どうして doˉ shite Stating a reason with からです kara desu Possible reasons for studying Japanese

Sharing experiences

Expressing experience with ことがあります koto ga arimasu Experiences you might have The counter 回 kai (. . . times)

Forecasting weather

Expressing probability with でしょう deshoˉ Words for weather

Talking about sickness

Talking about a possible case with かもしれません kamoshiremasen Symptoms of illness Diagnosis of illness

Listing and connecting actions and states by using the te form The clause conjunctions が ga and から kara

The conjunction が ga The conjunction から kara

Answer key

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