The Craft of Research, Fourth Edition by Booth, Wayne C. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents Preface: The Aims of This Edition Our Debts I Research, Researchers, and Readers

Prologue: Becoming a Researcher 1 Thinking in Print: The Uses of Research, Public and Private

1.1 What Is Research? 1.2 Why Write It Up? 1.3 Why a Formal Paper? 1.4 Writing Is Thinking

2 Connecting with Your Reader: Creating a Role for Yourself and Your Readers

2.1 Conversing with Your Readers 2.2 Understanding Your Role 2.3 Imagining Your Readers’ Role ★ Quick Tip: A Checklist for Understanding Your Readers

II Asking Questions, Finding Answers

Prologue: Planning Your Project—An Overview ★ Quick Tip: Creating a Writing Group 3 From Topics to Questions

3.1 From an Interest to a Topic 3.2 From a Broad Topic to a Focused One 3.3 From a Focused Topic to Questions 3.4 The Most Significant Question: So What? ★ Quick Tip: Finding Topics

4 From Questions to a Problem

4.1 Understanding Research Problems 4.2 Understanding the Common Structure of Problems 4.3 Finding a Good Research Problem 4.4 Learning to Work with Problems ★ Quick Tip: Manage the Unavoidable Problem of Inexperience

5 From Problems to Sources

6 Engaging Sources

6.1 Recording Complete Bibliographical Information 6.2 Engaging Sources Actively 6.3 Reading for a Problem 6.4 Reading for Arguments 6.5 Reading for Data and Support 6.6 Taking Notes 6.7 Annotating Your Sources ★ Quick Tip: Manage Moments of Normal Anxiety

III Making an Argument

Prologue: Assembling a Research Argument 7 Making Good Arguments: An Overview

8 Making Claims

8.1 Determining the Kind of Claim You Should Make 8.2 Evaluating Your Claim 8.3 Qualifying Claims to Enhance Your Credibility

9 Assembling Reasons and Evidence

9.1 Using Reasons to Plan Your Argument 9.2 Distinguishing Evidence from Reasons 9.3 Distinguishing Evidence from Reports of It 9.4 Evaluating Your Evidence

10 Acknowledgments and Responses

11 Warrants

11.1 Warrants in Everyday Reasoning 11.2 Warrants in Academic Arguments 11.3 Understanding the Logic of Warrants 11.4 Testing Warrants 11.5 Knowing When to State a Warrant 11.6 Using Warrants to Test Your Argument 11.7 Challenging Others’ Warrants ★ Quick Tip: Reasons, Evidence, and Warrants

IV Writing Your Argument

Prologue: Planning Again 12 Planning and Drafting

12.1 Planning Your Paper 12.2 Avoiding Three Common but Flawed Plans 12.3 Turning Your Plan into a Draft ★ Quick Tip: Work Through Procrastination and Writer’s Block

13 Organizing Your Argument

13.1 Thinking Like a Reader 13.2 Revising Your Frame 13.3 Revising Your Argument 13.4 Revising the Organization of Your Paper 13.5 Checking Your Paragraphs 13.6 Letting Your Draft Cool, Then Paraphrasing It ★ Quick Tip: Abstracts

14 Incorporating Sources

15 Communicating Evidence Visually

16 Introductions and Conclusions

16.1 The Common Structure of Introductions 16.2 Step 1: Establishing a Context 16.3 Step 2: Stating Your Problem 16.4 Step 3: Stating Your Response 16.5 Setting the Right Pace 16.6 Organizing the Whole Introduction 16.7 Finding Your First Few Words 16.8 Writing Your Conclusion ★ Quick Tip: Titles

17 Revising Style: Telling Your Story Clearly

17.1 Judging Style 17.2 The First Two Principles of Clear Writing 17.3 A Third Principle: Old Before New 17.4 Choosing between the Active and Passive Voice 17.5 A Final Principle: Complexity Last 17.6 Spit and Polish ★ Quick Tip: The Quickest Revision Strategy

V Some Last Considerations

The Ethics of Research A Postscript for Teachers Appendix: Bibliographical Resources

Index