Lapps and Labyrinths by Stora, Jan -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Director’s Note Foreword Preface Acknowledgements List of Figures List of Tables 1: Introduction and Narrative Context

Vikings, Dwarves and Giants What Is the Cultural Identity of the Saami? The Testimony of a Bear … The Power of Historical Narratives Archaeology and the Welfare State The Means to an End Notes

2: Culture and Ecology

The Historical-Ecological Setting The Importance of the Coastal Zone The Saami People Human-Environmental Relations Glacial Topography and Settlement Climate, Ice and Seal Oil Periodicity and Settlement Cycles World Systems and Northern Ecology Punctuated Sedentism Resilience Theory Five Hypotheses

3: Prehistoric Foundations

The Early and Late Stone Ages Rock Art New Ideologies, New Technologies The Early and Late Metal Ages Cairn Graves Iron Animal Husbandry and Cultivation Artifacts in Context Summary

Economy Settlement Technology Ideology and Religion

Conclusions

4: The Research Strategy

Surveys Site Investigations Elevations Excavations Sampling Soil Chemistry Animal Osteology Charcoal Analysis Macrofossils Radiocarbon Dates Metallurgy Shoreline Displacement Lichen Growth on Uplifted Beaches A Glossary of Archaeological Features

Huts Cairns Caches Alignments Circles Labyrinths Compass Roses “Russian” Ovens Shooting Blinds Engravings

5: Excavations and Analyses

Regional History Bjuröklubb and Bjurön

Jungfrugraven, Site 79 Site 64 Site 65 Site 67 Site 68 Site 70 Jungfruhamn, Sites 138–139

Huts A, B and C

Lappsandberget, Site 144 Grundskatan, Site 78

Feature 1, Hut Feature 2, Hut Feature 3, Hut Feature 4, Hut (Bear Burial) Feature 5, Hut Feature 6, Hut Feature 7, Hut Phosphate Mapping Feature 8, Cairn Feature 9, Cairn Feature 10, Baking Oven (“Russian” Oven) Feature 11, Hut Feature 12, Hut Feature 13, Hut Feature 14, Hut and Labyrinth Feature 15, Pit Feature 16, Stone Circle Feature 17, Cache and Hut Summary

Stora Fjäderägg Island

Archaeology of Stora Fjäderägg Island

Hut A Hut B Hut C Hut D

Circular Features Gamla Hamnen Summary Discussion Comparative Analysis of the Osteological Material (by Jan Storå)

Harp Seal Populations

Snöan Island

Site 49 Site 92 Site 53 Conclusions

Stor-Rebben Island

Hut A Hut B Hut C Hut D

Summary Hornslandsudde

Feature 5, Hut Features 12–14, Double Hut and Enclosure Feature 15, Hut Features 19 and 25, Stone Alignments Site 132 Caches Summary and Discussion

6: Chronology and Culture

Source Criticism Site Comparisons The Start Dates The End Dates Summary and Discussion What Do the Artifacts Tell Us? The Medieval Transition Cycles of Change

7: The Archaeological Roadmap

Architecture Site Structure Storage and Surplus Corrals and Fences Seals, Seasonality and Animal Husbandry Place-Name Evidence of Reindeer Husbandry Pastoralism and Heterarchy Discussion Metallurgy Three Iron Forges

Bjuröklubb 67 Grundskatan 78, Hut 11 Hornslandsudde, Site 119

Smithing and Shamanism Völundr and the North Conclusions

8: Rituals and Religion

The Wild and the Domesticated The Bear Burial

The Grundskatan Find The Setting and Social Context The Economy and Timing The Dwelling as the Saami Cosmos The Tree of Death and Rebirth Conclusions

Circular Sacrificial Features

Hornslandet and Yttre Bergön, Hälsingland Lappsandberget, Västerbotten Jungfrugraven, Västerbotten Stora Fjäderägg, Västerbotten Grundskatan, Västerbotten

Overall Chronology Social Context Summary

9: Place-Names and Church Towns

Place-Names

The Geography of “Lapp” Place-Names Lapp Place-Names in Sweden Conclusions about Place-Names

A Model for Coastal Settlement in Lövånger The Church Town Assimilation and Change Summary and Discussion

10: The Labyrinth and the Bear 11: Synthesis

Summary of Results Final Thoughts

Appendix 1: Osteological Material Appendix 2: Radiocarbon and AMS Dates References About the Author

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