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Index
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
List of Illustrations
Preface
Chapter 1. What Is a New World Monkey?
What is a monkey?
What is a platyrrhine?
Platyrrhines and catarrhines
Platyrrhine taxonomy
20 million years of evolution: 16 genera of extant playrrhine primates
Chapter 2. Diverse Lifestyles
Predatory frugivores: Family Cebidae
Fruit huskers and seed eaters: Family Pitheciidae
Prehensile-tailed frugivore-folivores: Family Atelidae
Chapter 3. What’s In a Name?
A new fossil gets a title
Names can reflect evolutionary hypotheses
Changing ideas can result in name changes
Chapter 4. Evolutionary Models
How do diverse genera coexist in one patch of forest?: the Ecophylogenetic Hypothesis
DNA and anatomy: molecules and morphology
Cebines and callitrichines share a unique common ancestor
Chasing monkeys: synthesizing behavior, ecology, and morphology
The platyrrhine Tree of Life
Chapter 5. How to Eat like a Monkey
Different teeth for different foods
What do they eat?
Secondary food preferences
Surviving preferred-food scarcity
Gouging tree bark to eat the tree gum
Incisors are key to fruit eating
Who are the leaf eaters?
Chapter 6. Arboreal Acrobats
Locomotor types: clingers, climbers, leapers, and more
Feet and hands tell the story of platyrrhine evolution
Hanging, clambering, and locomoting with a prehensile tail
Platyrrhines are the only primates that evolved grasping tails
Tails for balancing, embracing, and coiling for social bonding
Chapter 7. Many Kinds of Platyrrhine Brains
Studying brain size and shape
Brain-to-body-size relationships
The monkey stole my keys: intelligence and dexterity are tightly correlated
Fingertips, precision grips, and tool use
The sensorimotor strip in the brain controls tail use
Evolution of the brain in platyrrhines is shaped by phylogeny, ecology, and social behavior
Color Plates
Chapter 8. The Varieties and Means of Social Organization
A day in the life of a platyrrhine
Communicating through visual displays
Tail-twining in Titi and Owl Monkeys as tactile communication
Vocalizing with roars and duets
Sending scent signals
The odoriferous callitrichines
Foraging parties
Capuchin gestural language
An evolutionary model of platyrrhine sociality
Chapter 9. 20 Million Years: Every Fossil Tells a Story
Linking a fossil with a living monkey: the Long-Lineage Hypothesis
The La Venta fossils look like modern monkeys
Fossil evidence for longevity with little change
A 12–14-million-year-old Owl Monkey fossil
Fossils that tell us where they once lived, what they ate, and more
The mystery of fossils found on Caribbean islands
Fossils prior to 20 million years ago: more questions than answers
Chapter 10. South America Was Once an Island: How Did Platyrrhine Ancestors Get There?
The Americas Scenario
The Transatlantic Scenario
Calculating the likelihood of the Transatlantic Scenario
Chapter 11. After 20 Million Years of Existence, New World Monkeys Face Extinction
Not only species, but entire evolutionary streams are in peril
The Atlantic Forest, a biodiversity hotspot, is being decimated
Conservation efforts: Golden Lion Tamarin Project and Muriqui Project of Caratinga
All that is being lost can never be recovered
Acknowledgments
Glossary of Terms
Recommended Reading
References
Index
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