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Index
Contributors
Authors' acknowledgments
Publishers' acknowledgments
Preface
Introduction
Glossary
1 General principles
2 Injuries to musculoskeletal tissues
3 Mechanism and etiology of injuries
4 Sports and protective equipment
5 Principles of treatment
6 Shoulder and upper arm
7 Elbow
8 Forearm, wrist and hand
9 Back
10 Groin and thigh
11 Knee
12 Lower leg
13 Ankle
14 Foot
15 Head and trunk
16 Children and adolescents
17 Extreme environments
18 Specialized activities
19 General risk factors
20 Training and exercising
21 Rehabilitation
Index
3.11
3.12
Figure 12.5
Figure 20.2
Figure 2.15
Chapter 5
Figure 1.1
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.3
Figure 2.4
Chapter 20
Figure 2.5
Figure 2.6
Figure 2.7
Figure 2.8
Figure 2.9
Figure 2.10
Figure 2.11
Figure 2.11
Figure 2.12
Figure 2.13
Figure 2.14
Figure 2.15
Figure 2.16
Figure 2.17
Figure 2.18
Figure 2.19
20
21
Figure 2.20
Figure 2.21
Figure 2.22
Figure 2.22
Figure 2.23
Table 2.1
Figure 2.24
Figure 2.25
Chapter 5
Figure 2.23
Figure 2.26
Figure 2.27
Figure 2.29
Figure 2.30
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
Chapter 14
Figure 3.3
Table 3.1
Figure 3.4
Figure 3.5
3.6
3.7
Figure 3.8
6
7
3.9
3.10
Figure 3.11
Figure 3.12
Figure 4.1
Chapter 15
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.3
Figure 4.4
Chapter 6
Figure 4.5
Figure 4.6
Chapter 7
Figure 4.7
Chapter 10
Figure 4.7
Figure 4.8
Chapter 11
Figure 4.9
Chapter 12
13
14
Figure 4.10
Chapter 9
Figure 5.1
Figure 5.2
Figure 5.3
Figure 5.4
Chapter 21
Figure 5.5
Figure 5.6
Figure 5.7
Figure 5.8
Figure 5.9
Figure 5.10
Figure 5.11
Figure 6.4
Figure 6.5
Figure 6.28
Figure 6.6
Figure 6.7
Figure 6.8
Figure 6.9
Figure 6.10
Figure 6.11
Figure 6.12
Figure 6.13
Figure 6.14
Figure 6.15
Figure 6.16
Figure 6.17
Figure 6.18
Figure 6.19
Figure 6.20
Figure 6.21
Figure 6.22
Figure 6.23
Figure 6.24
Figure 6.25
Figure 6.26
Figure 6.27
Figure 6.28
Figure 6.29
Figure 6.30
Figure 6.31
Figure 6.32
Figure 6.33
Figure 6.34
6.35
6.36
Figure 6.35
Figure 6.36
Figure 6.37
Figure 6.38
Chapter 5
Figure 6.39
Figure 6.40
7.1
Figure 7.4
Figure 7.5
Figure 7.6
Figure 7.7
Figure 7.8
Figure 7.9
Figure 7.10
Figure 7.11
Figure 7.12
Figure 7.13
7.14
7.15
Figure 7.16
Figure 7.17
Figure 7.18
Figure 7.19
Figure 7.20
Figure 7.21
Figure 8.3
Figure 8.4
Figure 8.5
Figure 8.6
Figure 8.2
Figure 8.6
Figure 8.6
Figure 8.7
Figure 8.8
Figure 8.9
Figure 8.10
Figure 8.11
Figure 8.12
Figure 8.13
Figure 8.14
Figure 8.15
Figure 8.16
Figure 4.10
Figure 8.17
Figure 8.18
Figure 8.19
Figure 8.20
Figure 9.1
Figure 9.2
Figure 4.4
Figure 9.3
lumbago
Figure 9.4
Figure 9.5
Figure 9.6
Figure 9.7
Figure 9.8
Figure 9.9
Figure 9.10
Figure 9.11
Figure 9.12
Figure 9.13
Figure 9.14
Figure 9.15
Figure 9.16
Figure 9.17
Figure 9.18
Figure 9.19
Figure 9.20
Figure 9.21
Figure 9.22
Figure 9.8
Figure 10.4
Figure 10.5
Figure 10.6
Figure 10.7
Figure 10.8
Figure 10.9
Figure 10.10
Figure 10.11
Figure 10.12
Figure 10.13
Figure 10.14
Figure 10.15
Figure 10.16
Figure 10.17
Figure 10.18
Figure 10.19
Figure 10.20
Figure 10.21
Figure 10.22
Figure 10.23
Figure 10.24
Figure 10.25
Figure 10.26
Figure 10.27
Figure 10.28
Figures 11.1
Figure 11.7
Figure 11.5
11.6
11.7
Figure 11.7
Figure 11.8
Figure 11.9
Figure 11.10
Figure 11.11
Figure 11.12
Figure 11.13
11.14
11.15
Figure 11.16
Figure 11.6
Figure 11.17
Figure 11.18
Figure 11.19
Figure 11.20
Figure 11.21
Figure 11.22
Figure 11.23
Figure 11.24
Figures 11.25
Figure 11.26
Figures 11.27
Figure 11.26
Figure 11.28
Figure 11.29
Figure 11.30
Figure 11.31
Figure 11.32
Figure 11.33
Figure 11.34
Figure 11.35
Figure 11.36
Figure 11.37
Figure 11.38
Figure 11.39
Figure 11.40
Figure 11.41
Figure 11.42
Figure 11.42
Figure 11.44
Figure 11.45
Figure 11.46
Figure 11.47
Figure 11.48
Figure 11.49
Figure 11.50
11.51
11.52
Figure 11.53
Figure 11.55
Figure 11.56
Figure 11.57
Figure 11.57
Figure 11.58
Figure 11.59
Figure 11.60
Figure 11.60
Figure 11.61
Figure 11.62
Figure 12.5
Chapter 5
Figure 12.6
Figure 12.7
Figure 12.8
Figure 12.9
Figure 12.10
Table 12.1
Figure 12.11
Figure 12.12
Figure 12.12
Figure 12.13
Figure 12.14
Figure 12.15
Figure 12.16
Chapter 5
Figure 13.4
Figure 13.5
13.6
13.7
Figure 13.8
Figure 13.9
Figure 5.2
Chapter 5
Figure 13.10
Figure 13.11
Figure 13.12
Chapter 5
Figure 13.14
Figure 13.15
Figure 13.16
Chapter 5
Figure 13.17
Figure 13.17
Figure 13.18
Figure 13.5A
Figure 13.19
Figure 13.20
Figure 13.21
Figure 13.22
Figure 13.23
Figure 13.24
Figure 13.25
Figure 13.26
Figure 13.27
Figure 13.29
Figure 13.28
Figure 13.29
Figure 13.30
Figure 13.31
Figures 14.1
Chapter 3
Figure 14.6
Figure 14.7
Figure 14.8
Figure 14.9
Chapter 3
Figure 14.10
Figure 14.11
Figure 14.12
Figure 14.13
Figure 14.10
Figure 14.14
Figure 14.15
Figure 14.16
Figure 14.17
Figure 14.1
Figure 2.5
Figure 14.18
Figure 14.19
Figure 14.20
Figure 14.21
Figure 14.22
Figure 14.23
Figure 14.24
Figure 14.25
Figure 14.25
Figure 14.26
Figure 14.27
Figure 14.28
Figure 15.1
Figure 15.2
Figure 15.3
Figure 15.4
Figure 15.5
Figure 15.6
Figure 15.7
Figure 15.7
Figure 16.2
Figure 16.3
Figure 16.4
12
14
Figure 17.1
Table 17.1
Figure 17.2
Figure 17.3
Figure 18.1
Figure 18.2
Figure 18.3
Figure 20.1
Chapter 16
Figure 20.2
Figure 21.1
Figure 21.2
Figure 21.3
Table 21.1
Table 21.2
Figure 9.10
Table 21.3
Table 21.4
Table 21.5
Table 21.6
Table 21.7
Table 21.8
Table 21.9
Table 21.10
Figure 21.4
439–42
231
243–5
244–5
ix
117
234
31
331–2
348–50
357–8
359–60
355–7
360
354
355
523
350–4
354–5
17
111
118–21
119–20
101
90–5
107
ix
117
120
231
234–8
508
510
494
520
524–5
473
463
471–2
271
361
362
381
382
391–2
104–5
362–3
382–5
375–9
106–9
363–79
457
521
385–6
23
381
382
379–81
88
374–5
512–13
520
521–2
104
106–9
386–91
229–30
254
271–4
272–3
274
275
274–6
102–3
278
281
292
293
277–82
285
295
296
297–8
518–19
76–8
273
275
276
366–8
127
129
130
361
363–4
365
366–9
377
110
448–9
449
359–60
359
251
127
127
316
316
395
397–9
402
413–14
381
382
391–2
276
278
279
280
180–1
181
129
130
271
271
306
294
301
302
302
305
516
17–23
25
7
305–6
450
482
430
431
425–6
426
ix
366
447–8
274
275
182
202–3
263
149
149
412
146
205–6
207–9
208
229–30
468
223
213–14
219–22
216–17
224–5
217–18
217–18
223
215–16
506–7
224
5
219–22
220
221
225–6
219–22
222–3
227
226–9
429–30
223
457
458
267
326–7
326
58
58
91–2
92
102
123
124
406–7
407
205
205
264–5
265
111
147–50
148–9
157
176–7
435
430–1
432
433
90
90
91–2
97
57–8
58
59–60
60
466–7
466
456
460–1
473–4
66
473
4–11
12–13
471–2
481–2
484
361
382
383
131
143–4
481–2
484
189
11
331
339–41
342
343
414
424
188–9
102–6
166
102–3
278
281
322
146–7
299
300
301
304
146–7
60–1
61
463
ix
52–5
52
157
174–6
114
135–6
415
416
52–5
332
357–8
157
174–6
402
267
268
324–7
325–6
326–7
135
231
255–7
361
363–4
365
369–70
377
393
394
395
408–9
111
136–7
136
425
425
475
476
494
182
190
190–1
182
200–1
ix
18
17–23
25–7
305–6
450
482
109–10
66–7
398–9
399
211
211
211
211
212–13
38
155–6
260–2
53
438–9
443–4
359
360
430
447–8
446
110
160
173
471
173
444–6
257–8
446
224–5
323–4
448–50
66
225–6
227
228
436
450–5
ix
314
111
114
117–22
66–7
398–9
399
456
456
457
458–60
94
92–4
93
98
281
281
42
97
98
487
184–6
185
183–4
331
334–8
342–3
346
266
476–8
479–84
58
58
91–2
92
ix
46
489
428–9
435
428–30
460
98
32
34
467
194
467
259
260
257
92–4
93
98
281
281
493
111
143–4
435
110
322
99–100
373
373
110
40
41
461
ix
183
93
93
281
281
92–4
93
98
281
281
222
228
316
317
ix
333
182
191–2
ix
462
474
361
364
364
371
371
111
152
83
436–7
436
59
60
465–8
268
304–5
304
17
16–17
149–50
178–9
196–8
293
314
315
319
387
111
123–5
502
198
188–9
ix
264–5
268
330
176–7
394
409–10
182
184–6
185
191
191
473
182
193
389
418
441
ix
489–91
490
433–4
434
471
472
ix
46
489
157
158–61
158
160
176–8
180–1
105–6
166
174
6
160
173
178–9
176–7
168–9
176
179–80
169–70
170–1
159
160
162–9
159
160
169–73
171–2
177–8
167–8
159
160
173–6
84–5
500
503–4
105
162–7
169
173–4
169–70
174
100
100
56
95
96
429–31
475
476
105
157
162–7
169–70
173
444–6
231
258
446
ix
445
446
ix
ix
414
424
182
201–2
202
414–15
373
373
456–64
82
83
434–6
463–4
82–3
82
223
82–3
82
428
432–3
400–2
400–1
470–2
231
247–8
458
444
445–6
445
231
248
249
331
333–4
341
361
374
193–4
196–8
203–4
194
194–8
504
182
201–3
467
451
453
454
479–80
66
413
487–8
496–7
501–2
507
182
202–3
389–90
389
462
473–5
393–5
393–4
395
415–24
459
395
399–409
66
69–70
397–9
10
395
409–15
397–9
412
66
395
396
397–8
88
66
69–70
395–7
425–7
395
382
383
79
79
456
88
402
64
70
76–8
109
182
182
183–4
477–8
4
5–8
5–6
362–3
408
431
432
446–8
449–50
111
117–18
467–8
432–3
247–8
458
10
394
408–12
420–1
423
184
203–6
155
157
179–80
4
331
332–4
333
341–2
343
157
176
320
157
168–9
438–9
209
210
212
213–14
457–8
184–8
60–1
61
52–3
458–60
425–6
426
182
198–9
199–200
344–5
344
509
94
98
85
111
128–31
129–30
ix–x
89
475
476–7
169–70
170–1
28
231
232
233
258
247–8
251
232
248–50
247
247
251
234–7
239–40
241
243
245
247
237–8
240
242–5
247
252–3
245–6
257
86
236–7
507–10
254
252
241
250–1
255–7
255
251
173
444–6
83
437
191
191
251
442
394
417–18
418
394
415–16
415
182
187–8
394
414
416
417
509
510
511
512
231
262–4
263–4
231
252–3
253
182
193–4
106
194
467
196–8
203–6
459
194
194–201
89
503–4
201–3
467
134
134
81–2
81
428–33
428
431
461
461–2
98–9
99
236
340
462
97–100
340
393
394
395
408–9
404–5
394
400–2
400–1
394
402
402
400
402–5
403–4
81–2
81
34–8
35
155–6
54–5
325
438
439
123
124
231
232
248–50
249–50
331
346
219–22
219–21
38
155–6
260–2
463–4
456
457
123
124
232
233
231
247
258
446
247
257
86
507–10
258
255–7
256–7
255
182
187–8
460–2
461
155
157
179–80
180
250
98
526
ix
460
ix
482–3
400–2
400–1
93–4
93
92
93
93
231
239–40
239
508
510
327–9
328
509
361
382–5
111
131–5
137
143–4
501
374–5
231
250
250
469–70
468
425–6
28
58–9
194
478
53
325
2–3
216–17
435
402
251
110
40
99–100
27
254
43
355–7
394
414–15
52–4
135
231
248–9
249
457
50–1
331
359–60
359
368
369
370
ix
100
ix
490
491
491
ix
452
486
489
490
491
ix
489–91
490
432
182
202–3
407–8
407
13–17
17–23
25–7
305–6
450
482
102–6
110
17
20
25–8
385–6
23–4
167
8
306–7
381
450
486–8
492
254
17
111
118–22
104
106–9
90–5
107
95–6
96–101
267
268
321–2
321
224–5
224
129
130
441
182
189
ix
492
430
431
267–9
267–8
272
273
305–6
102–4
278
281
322
324–7
445
450
293
268
330
308–10
320
269–71
321–2
76–8
102–3
269
270–92
457
514
17
294–305
516–17
323–4
306–7
320
321
104
310–20
450
515
307–8
309
329–30
86
87
308–10
510–12
514–19
327–9
108
322–4
224–5
224
275
276
284
428
437
220
221
ix
268
291–2
292–3
295
105
157
162–7
162–6
383–4
394
406–7
407
182
198–9
199–200
473
96
429–31
142
143
x
13–16
14
445
106–9
363–79
457
521
102–3
106
278
281
468
158
170
395
411
419
194–201
483–4
76–8
102–3
268–9
270–92
457
514
518–19
16
281–2
374–5
486–7
514
518–19
521
113–14
118–22
76–8
273
207
209
210
104
106–9
90–5
107
95–6
96
101
110
393
410–11
157
173
440–1
440
381
181
331–2
332
348–60
523
336–8
44–5
331
334–8
342–3
343
346
4
332–4
341–2
343
346–8
339–43
343
346–8
343–6
86
88
520
524–5
348
217–18
218
223
212
213–14
222
182
188–9
182
189
x
44
45
45
350
351
354
355
368
270–1
276
284
288
289
301
307
321
322
309
128
140
141
379
182
189
182
201–2
202
201
428
433
93
97
101
101
428
432
x
268
282–5
102–3
296
514
76
169–70
170–1
407–8
407
11
331
338
339–41
342
343
157
177–8
190
190–1
99–100
110
383–4
17
267
268
294–6
298
299
299
300
301
304
304–5
294
297–8
300
302–4
300
301
301–2
299
516–17
294
297
304
305
516
471–2
477
182
204–6
204–5
182
197–8
10
393
394
395
410–12
413
394
410
453
394
421–3
422
83
437
436–7
430
431
485–6
493
x
28–39
243–5
215–16
110
40
41
461
468
158
161
395
232
233
234–43
259
482–3
484
40
331
334–8
342–3
344–6
360
30–1
38
155–6
260–2
37–8
486–7
488–93
114–15
116
117
41
29–30
259–65
90–5
95–6
96–101
174
147–56
480
481
40
38
155–6
260–2
393
394
395
409
410
209–10
428
437
437
211–13
83
210
505
429–30
437–8
133
133
55–7
55
157
158–9
171–2
177–8
400
405–8
252–3
331
346–8
296
211–13
144–7
182
190–1
327
433
475–7
327
473
110
157
176
57–9
58
194
432
102–6
166
278
281
404–5
69–70
384–5
385
267
268
323–4
38
155–6
260–2
374
245–6
246
17
20
25–7
25
385–6
x
314
361
379–81
23–4
23
450
23
381
382
157
167–8
306–7
x
174
12–13
471–2
481–2
484
19–20
19
1–2
2
111
147–8
448–50
110
397–9
412
183
234–7
239–40
241
243
245
247
457
2–3
321–2
153
329–30
309–10
66
473
252
3
45
46
95
97
99
100
110
281
268
267
268
324–5
314
315
319
267
320
313
315
319
313
317
319
313
315
319
322–3
267
320
321
321
323–4
267
310–13
312
104
450
315–17
316
318
313–15
515
317
319
111
152–3
154
229–30
254
85
442
182
188–9
x
6
11
331
338
339–41
342
343
44
50
331–2
355–7
414–15
331–2
346–7
361
386–7
386–7
394
412
231
257
268
325–6
66–7
398–9
399
66
413
190
190
78
273
99–100
451
453
454
479–80
485–6
217
506
231
252
509
276
276
277
x
394
400
402–5
403–4
409–10
394
405–7
406–7
331
360
267
307–8
309
492–3
438
439
326–7
326
291–2
329–30
285–91
296
288
288
361
384–5
173–4
288
288
363–4
365
292
472
59
60
466
x
66
395
396
397–8
398
177–8
x
492
493
520
524–5
488
251
80–9
210
102–3
104
105
106
434
464
464
83
437
x
182
195–7
196
221
221
245–6
246
288
289
508
511
512
231
259–60
312
313
267
308–10
309–10
182
200
157
177
157
168–9
182
184–6
185
487
512–13
503
508–9
510–11
506
505
495–6
501
502
503
243–5
244–5
231
241–3
242–3
259
259
236–7
508
510
374–5
512–13
520
521–2
23
506–7
486–7
103
104–5
106
278
281
494
493
500
503–4
487–8
496–7
501–2
507
503–4
507–10
526
492
281–2
510–12
514–19
16
281–2
374–5
486–7
514
518–19
520
524–5
485–6
37–8
486–7
488–93
484
505
485–6
492–3
492
493
520
524–5
494–500
494
107–8
496–7
503–4
127
452–3
469–70
94–5
96–7
436
441
292
292
27–8
229–30
254
438–9
438
x
111
116
136
137–42
139–41
268
327–9
328
62
68–9
62–8
64
395–7
71
71
69–70
71
72
439–41
31–9
32
35
39
243–5
237–8
215–16
264–5
263–4
240
344–6
360
259–60
242–3
259
152–3
43
47–50
331–2
350
4
264–5
176–7
201–2
263
240
320
321
388
308–9
242–3
137–42
142–3
198
201
150–2
231
254
182
186–7
186
182
188
38
39
90–1
224–5
224
219–22
220
252
220
221
225–6
225
17
111
118–22
53
325
394
420–1
422
86
88
11
331
338
339–41
342
343
111–12
112–13
105
136–7
117–22
468
123–5
502
128–31
131–5
137
501
115–16
117
125–6
144–7
116
139
140
83–4
494–500
501–2
116
136
137–42
113–15
116
125–8
135
142–3
267
268
322–3
361
378–9
379
75–8
77–8
273
76–8
88–9
332–3
386–7
182
198–9
199–200
59–60
466–7
425–7
60–1
458–60
59
60
466
463
466
467
431
432
130–1
477
219–22
219–21
185
186
231
241
463–4
6–8
6
90
90
90–5
95–6
96–101
463–4
331
345–6
148
148
222–3
222
348
207–8
208
439–4–0
440
109
457–8
229–30
254
226–7
227
226–9
226
228
231
248
249–50
457
94
394
414
373
373
ix
452
486
489
490
491
106
198–9
199–200
111
121–2
122
110
322
61
220
221
31
32–4
32
174
161
161
116
117
486
488–92
513
520
451–3
454
503–4
504
509–10
511–12
506–7
505
498–500
501–2
504
1–2
8–11
10
449–50
231
248
10
408
410
412
331
341–2
341
343
46
47
480
481
487–8
496–7
501–2
507
157
174–6
175
136
135
x
313
315
319
111
114
142–3
143
361
378
474–5
128
128
463–4
463
464
464
x
395
102
179–80
180
145–6
145
377–8
377
391–2
522
21–2
22–3
306
277
279–82
290–1
180–1
129
130
294
297
302
304
305
516–17
37
47
48
49–50
351–2
355
462
473–1
334
361
364
365
372–4
372–3
x
307–8
309
231
258
383
378
379
393
395
381
394
408
383–4
361
379–81
23
381
382
409
104
106–9
109
409
394
410
394
405–6
406
411
453–4
455
83
436–7
43
44
111
136–7
322–4
137–8
142
44
331–2
354–5
105
157
162–7
169–70
170–1
321–2
42–4
42
45
47–50
331–2
348–60
523
361
386–91
110
191–2
468
162–7
169–70
174
176–7
395
412
234–7
239–43
198
201–3
483
50–1
331
359–60
308–10
320–4
329–30
30–1
44
50
331–2
355–7
45–6
486–7
492
523
137–12
142–3
263
264–5
45–7
90–5
95–6
96–101
147–52
157
162–7
162–6
169
105
166
173–4
331
344–5
344
50–1
359–60
100
85
250–1
442
59
97–100
340
86
231
258–9
232
233
266
264–5
263–4
86
259–60
255–7
255
350
351
146
212
213–14
157
169–70
170
72–5
73–5
182
198–201
205
331
332–1
341–2
341
445
11
331
338
339–41
342
343
331
338–9
361
387–8
390–1
390
361
374
423–4
424
395
413–24
436
194
212–13
212
137–8
142
322–4
477–8
450–5
479–84
463
460–2
486–94
100
44
458
1
38
231
260–2
261
155–6
155
182
192–3
111
150–2
151
157
174
231
255–7
256–7
231
255
38–9
238
251
394
419–20
419
106
198–9
199–200
184
157
171–2
191
44
99
428
429–30
460
111
147–50
155
152–3
155–6
153
496–7
150–2
96
429–31
251
468
470
478
x
283
283
284
x
291
292
348
426–7
437
480–1
481
426–7
93–4
98
462
474
475
478
526
101
98
66
473
452
59
60
466
467
468
210
210
93–1
98
101
458–9
459
442
182
184
87
106
190
191–2
188–9
191
193
184–8
189
85
87
89
503–4
192–3
193
358
270
316
155
148
148
428
432–3
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