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Index
Copyright Page Acknowledgements Foreword Contents Preface to the new edition About Motorcycle Roadcraft Chapter 1 Becoming a better rider
Becoming a better rider What makes a good rider?
Competences for police riders
Competences for police riders Your vulnerability as a rider
What are the commonest causes of motorcycle crashes? Critical learning from experience Develop awareness of your personal vulnerability Defensive riding Conspicuity – ride to be seen You are especially vulnerable at junctions The right clothing and protective equipment
What are the commonest causes of motorcycle crashes? Critical learning from experience Develop awareness of your personal vulnerability Defensive riding Conspicuity – ride to be seen You are especially vulnerable at junctions The right clothing and protective equipment Human factor risks for police riders
Distraction due to multi-tasking Riding stress Operational stressors Time pressure and the purpose of your journey ‘Noble cause’ risk-taking ‘Red mist’
Distraction due to multi-tasking Riding stress Operational stressors Time pressure and the purpose of your journey ‘Noble cause’ risk-taking ‘Red mist’ How we learn
Training, practice and feedback Overconfidence after training Self-assessment will help you continually improve Be honest
Training, practice and feedback Overconfidence after training Self-assessment will help you continually improve Be honest Check your understanding
Becoming a better rider What makes a good rider?
Competences for police riders
Competences for police riders Your vulnerability as a rider
What are the commonest causes of motorcycle crashes? Critical learning from experience Develop awareness of your personal vulnerability Defensive riding Conspicuity – ride to be seen You are especially vulnerable at junctions The right clothing and protective equipment
What are the commonest causes of motorcycle crashes? Critical learning from experience Develop awareness of your personal vulnerability Defensive riding Conspicuity – ride to be seen You are especially vulnerable at junctions The right clothing and protective equipment Human factor risks for police riders
Distraction due to multi-tasking Riding stress Operational stressors Time pressure and the purpose of your journey ‘Noble cause’ risk-taking ‘Red mist’
Distraction due to multi-tasking Riding stress Operational stressors Time pressure and the purpose of your journey ‘Noble cause’ risk-taking ‘Red mist’ How we learn
Training, practice and feedback Overconfidence after training Self-assessment will help you continually improve Be honest
Training, practice and feedback Overconfidence after training Self-assessment will help you continually improve Be honest Check your understanding Chapter 2 The system of motorcycle control
The need for a system of motorcycle control
Integrating a range of competences
Integrating a range of competences What is the system of motorcycle control?
How the system works The importance of information Mirrors, rear observation and signals
How the system works The importance of information Mirrors, rear observation and signals The system of motorcycle control
Information Position Speed Gear Acceleration
Information Position Speed Gear Acceleration Use the system flexibly
Applying the system to a left-hand turn Applying the system to a right-hand turn Applying the system to a roundabout Re-applying the system to leave the roundabout Applying the system to a potential hazard
Applying the system to a left-hand turn Applying the system to a right-hand turn Applying the system to a roundabout Re-applying the system to leave the roundabout Applying the system to a potential hazard Check your understanding
The need for a system of motorcycle control
Integrating a range of competences
Integrating a range of competences What is the system of motorcycle control?
How the system works The importance of information Mirrors, rear observation and signals
How the system works The importance of information Mirrors, rear observation and signals The system of motorcycle control
Information Position Speed Gear Acceleration
Information Position Speed Gear Acceleration Use the system flexibly
Applying the system to a left-hand turn Applying the system to a right-hand turn Applying the system to a roundabout Re-applying the system to leave the roundabout Applying the system to a potential hazard
Applying the system to a left-hand turn Applying the system to a right-hand turn Applying the system to a roundabout Re-applying the system to leave the roundabout Applying the system to a potential hazard Check your understanding Chapter 3 Information, observation and anticipation
Processing complex information
Improving your information processing Tips to improve information processing
Improving your information processing Tips to improve information processing Why observation and anticipation are essential for better riding
What is a hazard?
What is a hazard? Planning
Anticipate hazards Prioritise hazards Decide what to do
Anticipate hazards Prioritise hazards Decide what to do Improving your observation
Scanning the environment Look where you want to go Drivers who look but fail to see you You see what you expect to see Rear observation Peripheral vision Zones of visibility Your choice of speed Keep your distance
Scanning the environment Look where you want to go Drivers who look but fail to see you You see what you expect to see Rear observation Peripheral vision Zones of visibility Your choice of speed Keep your distance Human factors that affect observation and anticipation
Alertness Tiredness Other physiological factors
Alertness Tiredness Other physiological factors Check your understanding
Processing complex information
Improving your information processing Tips to improve information processing
Improving your information processing Tips to improve information processing Why observation and anticipation are essential for better riding
What is a hazard?
What is a hazard? Planning
Anticipate hazards Prioritise hazards Decide what to do
Anticipate hazards Prioritise hazards Decide what to do Improving your observation
Scanning the environment Look where you want to go Drivers who look but fail to see you You see what you expect to see Rear observation Peripheral vision Zones of visibility Your choice of speed Keep your distance
Scanning the environment Look where you want to go Drivers who look but fail to see you You see what you expect to see Rear observation Peripheral vision Zones of visibility Your choice of speed Keep your distance Human factors that affect observation and anticipation
Alertness Tiredness Other physiological factors
Alertness Tiredness Other physiological factors Check your understanding Chapter 4 Anticipating hazards in the riding environment
Night riding
You Your machine and equipment Your lights Following other vehicles at night Information from other vehicles’ lights Dazzle Reflective studs and markings Cat’s eyes Other ways to improve observation at night
You Your machine and equipment Your lights Following other vehicles at night Information from other vehicles’ lights Dazzle Reflective studs and markings Cat’s eyes Other ways to improve observation at night Weather conditions
Riding in bad weather Using lights in bad weather Observing when visibility is low Anticipating the effects of windy weather The road surface in winter Micro climates
Riding in bad weather Using lights in bad weather Observing when visibility is low Anticipating the effects of windy weather The road surface in winter Micro climates Road surface
Road surface irregularities Riding through water
Road surface irregularities Riding through water Road signs and markings Making observation links Local road knowledge Check your understanding
Night riding
You Your machine and equipment Your lights Following other vehicles at night Information from other vehicles’ lights Dazzle Reflective studs and markings Cat’s eyes Other ways to improve observation at night
You Your machine and equipment Your lights Following other vehicles at night Information from other vehicles’ lights Dazzle Reflective studs and markings Cat’s eyes Other ways to improve observation at night Weather conditions
Riding in bad weather Using lights in bad weather Observing when visibility is low Anticipating the effects of windy weather The road surface in winter Micro climates
Riding in bad weather Using lights in bad weather Observing when visibility is low Anticipating the effects of windy weather The road surface in winter Micro climates Road surface
Road surface irregularities Riding through water
Road surface irregularities Riding through water Road signs and markings Making observation links Local road knowledge Check your understanding Chapter 5 Acceleration, using gears and braking
Developing competence at controlling your bike
The tyre grip trade-off Balance and tyre grip Technology to help keep control of the machine
The tyre grip trade-off Balance and tyre grip Technology to help keep control of the machine Using the throttle
Acceleration and machine balance Develop your competence at using the throttle Acceleration sense Using the throttle on bends Key points Factors that affect acceleration and engine braking
Acceleration and machine balance Develop your competence at using the throttle Acceleration sense Using the throttle on bends Key points Factors that affect acceleration and engine braking Using the gears
Moving off from stationary Accurate use of the gears Braking and changing gear Key points
Moving off from stationary Accurate use of the gears Braking and changing gear Key points Automatic transmission Slowing down and stopping
Releasing the throttle – engine braking Using the brakes Getting the best out of your brakes The safe stopping distance rule Overall safe stopping distance The two-second rule
Releasing the throttle – engine braking Using the brakes Getting the best out of your brakes The safe stopping distance rule Overall safe stopping distance The two-second rule Check your understanding
Developing competence at controlling your bike
The tyre grip trade-off Balance and tyre grip Technology to help keep control of the machine
The tyre grip trade-off Balance and tyre grip Technology to help keep control of the machine Using the throttle
Acceleration and machine balance Develop your competence at using the throttle Acceleration sense Using the throttle on bends Key points Factors that affect acceleration and engine braking
Acceleration and machine balance Develop your competence at using the throttle Acceleration sense Using the throttle on bends Key points Factors that affect acceleration and engine braking Using the gears
Moving off from stationary Accurate use of the gears Braking and changing gear Key points
Moving off from stationary Accurate use of the gears Braking and changing gear Key points Automatic transmission Slowing down and stopping
Releasing the throttle – engine braking Using the brakes Getting the best out of your brakes The safe stopping distance rule Overall safe stopping distance The two-second rule
Releasing the throttle – engine braking Using the brakes Getting the best out of your brakes The safe stopping distance rule Overall safe stopping distance The two-second rule Check your understanding Chapter 6 Manual handling and manoeuvring at slow speeds
Manual handling
Before you start Removing a bike from the centre stand Placing a bike onto the centre stand Removing a bike from the side stand to get on it Applying the side stand to get off Wheeling a bike in confined spaces The risks of paddling Problems that may need practice
Before you start Removing a bike from the centre stand Placing a bike onto the centre stand Removing a bike from the side stand to get on it Applying the side stand to get off Wheeling a bike in confined spaces The risks of paddling Problems that may need practice Developing your competence at slow-speed riding
Observation Look where you want to go Balance Machine control Manoeuvres to practise
Observation Look where you want to go Balance Machine control Manoeuvres to practise Check your understanding
Manual handling
Before you start Removing a bike from the centre stand Placing a bike onto the centre stand Removing a bike from the side stand to get on it Applying the side stand to get off Wheeling a bike in confined spaces The risks of paddling Problems that may need practice
Before you start Removing a bike from the centre stand Placing a bike onto the centre stand Removing a bike from the side stand to get on it Applying the side stand to get off Wheeling a bike in confined spaces The risks of paddling Problems that may need practice Developing your competence at slow-speed riding
Observation Look where you want to go Balance Machine control Manoeuvres to practise
Observation Look where you want to go Balance Machine control Manoeuvres to practise Check your understanding Chapter 7 Cornering, balance and avoiding skids
Developing your competence at cornering and balance The system of motorcycle control and principles for safe cornering
Five key principles for safe cornering You – your riding position and balance for cornering Your machine – roadworthiness
Five key principles for safe cornering You – your riding position and balance for cornering Your machine – roadworthiness Cornering forces
Forces that help stability Steering Counter-steering Tyre grip The rider’s actions Camber and superelevation Summary of factors affecting cornering
Forces that help stability Steering Counter-steering Tyre grip The rider’s actions Camber and superelevation Summary of factors affecting cornering The system of motorcycle control and the limit point
How to use the limit point to help you corner The double apex bend
How to use the limit point to help you corner The double apex bend How to use the system for cornering
Information Position Speed Gear Acceleration
Information Position Speed Gear Acceleration Avoiding skids What causes a skid?
How does a skid happen? Causes of skidding
How does a skid happen? Causes of skidding Minimising the risks of skidding
You Your machine Observation, anticipation and planning
You Your machine Observation, anticipation and planning Recognising and removing the cause of a skid
Rear wheel skid Front wheel skid
Rear wheel skid Front wheel skid Developments in machine design
Anti-lock braking systems Linked, coupled or combined braking systems Traction control systems
Anti-lock braking systems Linked, coupled or combined braking systems Traction control systems Aquaplaning Check your understanding
Developing your competence at cornering and balance The system of motorcycle control and principles for safe cornering
Five key principles for safe cornering You – your riding position and balance for cornering Your machine – roadworthiness
Five key principles for safe cornering You – your riding position and balance for cornering Your machine – roadworthiness Cornering forces
Forces that help stability Steering Counter-steering Tyre grip The rider’s actions Camber and superelevation Summary of factors affecting cornering
Forces that help stability Steering Counter-steering Tyre grip The rider’s actions Camber and superelevation Summary of factors affecting cornering The system of motorcycle control and the limit point
How to use the limit point to help you corner The double apex bend
How to use the limit point to help you corner The double apex bend How to use the system for cornering
Information Position Speed Gear Acceleration
Information Position Speed Gear Acceleration Avoiding skids What causes a skid?
How does a skid happen? Causes of skidding
How does a skid happen? Causes of skidding Minimising the risks of skidding
You Your machine Observation, anticipation and planning
You Your machine Observation, anticipation and planning Recognising and removing the cause of a skid
Rear wheel skid Front wheel skid
Rear wheel skid Front wheel skid Developments in machine design
Anti-lock braking systems Linked, coupled or combined braking systems Traction control systems
Anti-lock braking systems Linked, coupled or combined braking systems Traction control systems Aquaplaning Check your understanding Chapter 8 Rider’s signals
Developing your competence at using signals
The purpose of signals Key points Interpreting signals given by others
The purpose of signals Key points Interpreting signals given by others The range of signals
Using the indicators Cancelling indicator signals Using hazard warning lights Using your brake light Flashing your headlight Using the horn Using arm signals Using courtesy signals Responding to other people’s signals
Using the indicators Cancelling indicator signals Using hazard warning lights Using your brake light Flashing your headlight Using the horn Using arm signals Using courtesy signals Responding to other people’s signals Check your understanding
Developing your competence at using signals
The purpose of signals Key points Interpreting signals given by others
The purpose of signals Key points Interpreting signals given by others The range of signals
Using the indicators Cancelling indicator signals Using hazard warning lights Using your brake light Flashing your headlight Using the horn Using arm signals Using courtesy signals Responding to other people’s signals
Using the indicators Cancelling indicator signals Using hazard warning lights Using your brake light Flashing your headlight Using the horn Using arm signals Using courtesy signals Responding to other people’s signals Check your understanding Chapter 9 Positioning
Developing competence at positioning your bike Positioning for advantage Safe positioning on the approach to hazards
Roadside hazards Improving the view into nearside road junctions Following position Position for turning Position at crossroads Position for stopping behind other vehicles
Roadside hazards Improving the view into nearside road junctions Following position Position for turning Position at crossroads Position for stopping behind other vehicles Check your understanding
Developing competence at positioning your bike Positioning for advantage Safe positioning on the approach to hazards
Roadside hazards Improving the view into nearside road junctions Following position Position for turning Position at crossroads Position for stopping behind other vehicles
Roadside hazards Improving the view into nearside road junctions Following position Position for turning Position at crossroads Position for stopping behind other vehicles Check your understanding Chapter 10 Overtaking
Developing your competence at overtaking safely
The hazards of overtaking Key safety points Stationary vehicles Moving vehicles
The hazards of overtaking Key safety points Stationary vehicles Moving vehicles How to overtake Where you are able to overtake immediately
Information
Information Where other hazards require you to follow before you can safely overtake
Following position Overtaking position Overtaking Overtaking vehicles in a line of traffic Summary
Following position Overtaking position Overtaking Overtaking vehicles in a line of traffic Summary Special hazards you must consider before overtaking
The range of hazards The vehicle in front Cyclists The vehicles behind Road layout and conditions The road surface Overtaking on a single carriageway Overtaking on bends Single carriageway roads marked with three lanes Overtaking on multi-lane carriageways Filtering
The range of hazards The vehicle in front Cyclists The vehicles behind Road layout and conditions The road surface Overtaking on a single carriageway Overtaking on bends Single carriageway roads marked with three lanes Overtaking on multi-lane carriageways Filtering Helping other road users to overtake Check your understanding
Developing your competence at overtaking safely
The hazards of overtaking Key safety points Stationary vehicles Moving vehicles
The hazards of overtaking Key safety points Stationary vehicles Moving vehicles How to overtake Where you are able to overtake immediately
Information
Information Where other hazards require you to follow before you can safely overtake
Following position Overtaking position Overtaking Overtaking vehicles in a line of traffic Summary
Following position Overtaking position Overtaking Overtaking vehicles in a line of traffic Summary Special hazards you must consider before overtaking
The range of hazards The vehicle in front Cyclists The vehicles behind Road layout and conditions The road surface Overtaking on a single carriageway Overtaking on bends Single carriageway roads marked with three lanes Overtaking on multi-lane carriageways Filtering
The range of hazards The vehicle in front Cyclists The vehicles behind Road layout and conditions The road surface Overtaking on a single carriageway Overtaking on bends Single carriageway roads marked with three lanes Overtaking on multi-lane carriageways Filtering Helping other road users to overtake Check your understanding Chapter 11 Riding on motorways and multi-lane carriageways
Riding on multi-lane carriageways
Human factors in motorway riding
Human factors in motorway riding Joining the motorway
Layout of the carriageway Use the system Overtaking
Layout of the carriageway Use the system Overtaking Motorway junctions
Using the hard shoulder
Using the hard shoulder Leaving the motorway Bad weather conditions on fast-moving roads
Fog Rain Snow, sleet and ice High winds Bright sun
Fog Rain Snow, sleet and ice High winds Bright sun Other hazards
Debris Lane closures
Debris Lane closures Additional hazards on fast-moving multi-lane carriageways Check your understanding
Riding on multi-lane carriageways
Human factors in motorway riding
Human factors in motorway riding Joining the motorway
Layout of the carriageway Use the system Overtaking
Layout of the carriageway Use the system Overtaking Motorway junctions
Using the hard shoulder
Using the hard shoulder Leaving the motorway Bad weather conditions on fast-moving roads
Fog Rain Snow, sleet and ice High winds Bright sun
Fog Rain Snow, sleet and ice High winds Bright sun Other hazards
Debris Lane closures
Debris Lane closures Additional hazards on fast-moving multi-lane carriageways Check your understanding Chapter 12 Emergency response
What is an emergency response? Risk assessment Responding to an emergency
Use of emergency warning equipment Speed limits Approaching traffic light-controlled junctions Approaching traffic light-controlled pedestrian crossings Contravening keep left/right signs Positioning to see and be seen Approaching and passing vehicles Interpreting other road users’ signals Stationary vehicles at or near an incident Responding on multi-lane roads Approaching roundabouts Passing on the nearside of other vehicles Vehicles responding in convoy Vulnerable road users
Use of emergency warning equipment Speed limits Approaching traffic light-controlled junctions Approaching traffic light-controlled pedestrian crossings Contravening keep left/right signs Positioning to see and be seen Approaching and passing vehicles Interpreting other road users’ signals Stationary vehicles at or near an incident Responding on multi-lane roads Approaching roundabouts Passing on the nearside of other vehicles Vehicles responding in convoy Vulnerable road users Check your understanding
What is an emergency response? Risk assessment Responding to an emergency
Use of emergency warning equipment Speed limits Approaching traffic light-controlled junctions Approaching traffic light-controlled pedestrian crossings Contravening keep left/right signs Positioning to see and be seen Approaching and passing vehicles Interpreting other road users’ signals Stationary vehicles at or near an incident Responding on multi-lane roads Approaching roundabouts Passing on the nearside of other vehicles Vehicles responding in convoy Vulnerable road users
Use of emergency warning equipment Speed limits Approaching traffic light-controlled junctions Approaching traffic light-controlled pedestrian crossings Contravening keep left/right signs Positioning to see and be seen Approaching and passing vehicles Interpreting other road users’ signals Stationary vehicles at or near an incident Responding on multi-lane roads Approaching roundabouts Passing on the nearside of other vehicles Vehicles responding in convoy Vulnerable road users Check your understanding Appendices
Are you fit to ride?
I AM SAFE checklist
I AM SAFE checklist Is your machine fit to ride?
Roadworthiness/pre-riding checklist POWDDERSS checklist Testing the brakes
Roadworthiness/pre-riding checklist POWDDERSS checklist Testing the brakes Goals for Driver Education
Are you fit to ride?
I AM SAFE checklist
I AM SAFE checklist Is your machine fit to ride?
Roadworthiness/pre-riding checklist POWDDERSS checklist Testing the brakes
Roadworthiness/pre-riding checklist POWDDERSS checklist Testing the brakes Goals for Driver Education Bibliography Index
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