Textbook of Medical Physiology by Khurana, Indu -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title page Table of Contents Copyright Dedication Preface Part I. General Physiology

Section 1. General Physiology

Introduction 1.1. Functional organization, composition and internal environment of human body

Functional organization of the human body Body composition Internal environment and homeostasis

1.2. The cell physiology

Cell structure The cell membrane Intercellular junctions

1.3. Transport through cell membrane

Passive transport Active transport Vesicular transport Other transport processes

1.4. Membrane potential

Introduction Genesis of membrane potential Recording of membrane potential

1.5. Genetics: An overview

Structural and functional characteristics of substrate for genetics Applied genetics

Part II. Systemic Physiology

Section 2. Nerve Muscle Physiology

Introduction 2.1. The nerve

Functional anatomy Biological activities Electrical properties of nerve fibre Physiological properties of nerve fibres Nerve fibre types Degeneration and regeneration of neurons Factors promoting neuronal growth

2.2. Neuromuscular junction

Structure of neuromuscular junction Neuromuscular transmission Drugs affecting and disorders of neuromuscular junction

2.3. Skeletal muscle

Introduction Functional anatomy and organization Process of muscle excitability and contractility Characteristics of muscle excitability and contractility Some characteristics of the skeletal muscles in the intact body Electromyography and common disorders of muscles Source of energy and metabolic phenomenon during muscle contraction

2.4. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Comparison of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles

Section 3. Blood and Immune System

Introduction

Functions of blood Immune system

3.1. Plasma and plasma proteins

Plasma Plasma proteins

3.2. Red blood cells and anaemias

Characteristic features of red blood cells Formation of red blood cells Haemoglobin Red cell fragility Lifespan and fate of red blood cells Bilirubin and jaundice Anaemias

3.3. White blood cells

White blood cells types and their counts Formation of white blood cells Morphology, functions, lifespan and variations in counts of WBCs Applied aspects

3.4. Immune mechanisms

Introduction Architecture (components) of immune system Immunity Antigens Antibodies Development of immune response Other immune mechanism-related aspects

3.5. Platelets, haemostasis and blood coagulation

Platelets Haemostasis Blood coagulation Clotting factors Mechanism of coagulation Antihaemostatic mechanisms Bleeding disorders

3.6. Blood groups and blood transfusion

Blood groups Blood transfusion Blood components

Section 4. Cardiovascular System

Introduction

Functions of CVS Physiology of CVS

4.1. Functional anatomy of heart and physiology of cardiac muscle

Functional anatomy of heart Physiology of cardiac muscle

4.2. Origin and spread of cardiac impulse and electrocardiography

Origin and spread of cardiac impulse Electrocardiography

4.3. Heart as a pump: Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, and venous return

Cardiac cycle Cardiac output and venous return

4.4. Dynamics of circulation: Pressure and flow of blood and lymph

Introduction Functional organization and structure of vascular system Haemodynamics Pressure and flow in various functional segments of systemic vascular tree Blood pressure

4.5. Cardiovascular regulation

Introduction Neural control mechanism Humoral control mechanisms Local control mechanisms

4.6. Regional circulation

Introduction Coronary circulation Cerebral circulation Cutaneous circulation Skeletal muscle circulation Splanchnic circulation

4.7. Cardiovascular homeostasis in health and disease

Cardiovascular homeostasis in health Cardiovascular homeostasis in diseases

Section 5. Respiratory System

Introduction 5.1. Respiratory tract: Structure and functions

Functional anatomy Functions of the respiratory system

5.2. Pulmonary ventilation

Introduction Mechanics of pulmonary ventilation Lung volumes and capacities Pulmonary elastance and compliance Work of breathing

5.3. Pulmonary circulation

Functional anatomy Characteristic features of pulmonary circulation Functions of pulmonary circulation Regulation of pulmonary blood flow

5.4. Pulmonary diffusion

Introduction Physics of gas diffusion and gas partial pressures Alveolar ventilation Alveolar ventilation–perfusion ratio Alveolar air Diffusion of gases through the respiratory membrane

5.5. Transport of gases

Introduction Transport of oxygen Transport of carbon dioxide

5.6. Regulation of respiration

Introduction Neural regulation of respiration

5.7. Respiration: Applied aspects

Introduction Respiratory adjustments to stresses in health Disturbances of respiration Artificial respiration and cardiopulmonary resuscitation Pulmonary function tests

Section 6. Excretory System

Introduction

Functions of excretory organs Overview of excretory system

6.1. Kidneys: Functional anatomy and blood flow

Functional anatomy of kidneys Renal blood flow

6.2. Mechanism of urine formation: Glomerular filtration and tubular transport

Introduction Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption and secretion

6.3. Concentration, dilution and acidification of urine

Concentration and dilution of urine: A mechanism to regulate urine volume and osmolality Acidification of urine

6.4. Regulation of body fluid osmolality, composition and volume

Introduction Body fluid compartments Control of body fluid osmolality Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and composition Defence of specific ion composition Disturbances of volume and concentration of body fluid

6.5. Applied renal physiology including renal function tests

Pathophysiology of common renal disorders Diuretics Renal function tests Dialysis and renal transplantation

6.6. Physiology of micturition

Urinary bladder and urethra Physiology of micturition Abnormalities of micturition

Section 7. Gastrointestinal System

Introduction

Functions of gastrointestinal system Physiology of gastrointestinal tract

7.1. Functional anatomy and general principles of functions of gastrointestinal system

Functional anatomy General principles of gastrointestinal functions

7.2. Physiological activities in mouth, pharynx and oesophagus

Introduction Mastication Lubrication of food by saliva Deglutition (swallowing)

7.3. Physiological activities in stomach

Functional anatomy Physiology of gastric secretion Physiology of gastric motility Functions of stomach Applied aspects

7.4. Pancreas, liver and gallbladder

Pancreas Liver and gallbladder

7.5. Physiological activities in small intestine

Functional anatomy Small intestinal secretions Motility of small intestine Functions of small intestine Applied aspects

7.6. Physiological activities in large intestine

Functional anatomy Large intestinal secretions and bacterial activity Motility of large intestine Defaecation Functions of large intestine Applied aspects

7.7. Digestion and absorption

Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates Digestion and absorption of proteins Digestion and absorption of fats Absorption of water, electrolytes, minerals and vitamins Applied aspects

Section 8. Endocrinal System

Introduction

Relationship between endocrine and neural physiology Organization of endocrine system

8.1. General principles of endocrinal system

Hormones: Definition and classification Hormones: General considerations Hormone: Receptors and mechanism of action Measurement of hormones

8.2. Endocrinal functions of hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Introduction and functional anatomy Endocrinal aspects of hypothalamus Anterior pituitary hormones Posterior pituitary hormones

8.3. Thyroid gland

Functional anatomy Thyroid hormones Applied aspects of thyroid hormones

8.4. Endocrinal control of calcium metabolism and bone physiology

Introduction Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium metabolism Bone physiology Calcitropic hormones Applied aspects

8.5. Adrenal glands

Functional anatomy Hormones of adrenal cortex Applied aspects Hormones of adrenal medulla

8.6. Pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones

Endocrine pancreas Applied aspects Gastrointestinal hormones

8.7. Endocrinal functions of other organs and local hormones

Hormones of the heart Hormones of the kidney Pineal gland Thymus Local hormones

Section 9. Reproductive System

Introduction 9.1. Sexual growth and development

Prepubertal sexual growth and development Puberty and adolescence

9.2. Male reproductive physiology

An overview of male reproductive system Functional anatomy of testes Functions of testes Control of androgen secretion Applied aspects

9.3. Female reproductive physiology

An overview of female reproductive system Ovaries Female sexual cycle

9.4. Physiology of coitus, pregnancy and parturition

Physiology of coitus Physiology of pregnancy Physiology of parturition Applied aspects

9.5. Physiology of lactation

Development and functional anatomy of breast Physiology of lactation

9.6. Physiology of contraception

Introduction Contraceptive methods in females Contraceptive methods in males

Section 10. Nervous System

Introduction

Organization of nervous system Anatomical divisions of the nervous system Functional divisions of the nervous system Understanding the nervous system

10.1. Physiological anatomy, functions and lesions of spinal cord and brainstem

Physiological anatomy and functions of spinal cord Physiological anatomy and functions of brainstem Tracts of spinal cord and brainstem Lesions of spinal cord and brainstem

10.2. Physiological anatomy, functions and lesions of cerebellum and basal ganglia

Cerebellum Basal ganglia

10.3. Physiological anatomy, functions and lesions of thalamus and hypothalamus

Thalamus Hypothalamus

10.4. Physiological anatomy and functions of cerebral cortex and white matter of cerebrum

Cerebral cortex White matter of cerebrum

10.5. Autonomic nervous system

Anatomical considerations Physiological considerations Applied aspects

10.6. Meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, blood–brain barrier and cerebral blood flow

Meninges of the brain Cerebrospinal fluid Blood–brain barrier and blood–CSF barrier Cerebral blood flow

10.7. Synaptic transmission

Synapse: Definition and types Chemical synapse Neurotransmitters

10.8. Somatosensory system

General sensory mechanism Somatosensory system

10.9. Somatic motor system

Introduction Components of somatic motor control system Skeletal muscles: The effector organ of somatic motor system Reflex activity Regulation of posture Vestibular apparatus and equilibrium

10.10. Limbic system and physiology of emotional, behavioural and motivational mechanisms

Limbic system Physiology of emotions Physiology of motivation Monoaminergic neuronal tracts and physiological basis of psychotic disorders Physiological basis of psychotic disorders

10.11. Reticular formation, electrical activity of the brain, and alert behaviour and sleep

Reticular formation and reticular activating system Electrical activity of the brain Wakefulness and sleep

10.12. Some higher functions of nervous system

Language and speech Learning and memory Higher intellectual functions of the prefrontal association cortex

Section 11. Special Senses

Introduction 11.1. Sense of vision

Introduction and functional anatomy Maintenance of clear refractive media of the eye The image forming mechanism Physiology of vision Field of vision and binocular vision Physiology of ocular motility Aqueous humour and intraocular pressure Physiology of pupil

11.2. Sense of hearing

Functional anatomy Physiology of hearing Applied aspects

11.3. Chemical senses: Smell and taste

The sense of smell Sense of taste

Part III. Specialized Integrative Physiology Section 12. Specialized Integrative Physiology

Introduction 12.1. Physiology of exercise and sports

Introduction Responses to exercise Effects of training

12.2. Environmental physiology

High-altitude physiology Physiology of high atmospheric pressure

12.3. Physiology of acid–base balance

General considerations Maintenance of blood pH Acid–base disorders Analysis and clinical evaluation of acid–base disorders

12.4. Physiology of body temperature regulation

Body temperature Heat balance Regulation of body temperature Abnormalities of body temperature regulation

12.5. Physiology of growth and behavioural development

Growth and development Behavioural development

12.6. Physiology of fetus, neonate and childhood

Introduction Role of placenta in fetal physiology Systemic physiology of fetus, newborn and childhood

12.7. Geriatric physiology

Introduction Age-related changes in different organ systems Theories of ageing Modulating the process of ageing

Index

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