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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
Chapter 1: The Microgrids Concept
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Microgrid Concept as a Means to Integrate Distributed Generation
1.3 Clarification of the Microgrid Concept
1.4 Operation and Control of Microgrids
1.5 Market Models for Microgrids
1.6 Status Quo and Outlook of Microgrid Applications
References
Chapter 2: Microgrids Control Issues
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Control Functions
2.3 The Role of Information and Communication Technology
2.4 Microgrid Control Architecture
2.5 Centralized and Decentralized Control
2.6 Forecasting
2.7 Centralized Control
2.8 Decentralized Control
2.9 State Estimation
2.10 Conclusions
Appendix 2.A Study Case Microgrid
References
Chapter 3: Intelligent Local Controllers
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Inverter Control Issues in the Formation of Microgrids
3.3 Control Strategies for Multiple Inverters
3.4 Implications of Line Parameters on Frequency and Voltage Droop Concepts
3.5 Development and Evaluation of Innovative Local Controls to Improve Stability
3.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Microgrid Protection
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Challenges for Microgrid Protection
4.3 Adaptive Protection for Microgrids
4.4 Fault Current Source for Effective Protection in Islanded Operation
4.5 Fault Current Limitation in Microgrids
4.6 Conclusions
Appendices:
References
Chapter 5: Operation of Multi-Microgrids
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Multi-Microgrid Control and Management Architecture
5.3 Coordinated Voltage/var Support
5.4 Coordinated Frequency Control
5.5 Emergency Functions (Black Start)
5.6 Dynamic Equivalents
5.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Pilot Sites: Success Stories and Learnt Lessons
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Overview of Microgrid Projects in Europe
References
6.3 Overview of Microgrid Projects in the USA
References
6.4 Overview of Japanese Microgrid Projects
6.5 Overview of Microgrid Projects in China
References
6.6 An Off-Grid Microgrid in Chile
References
Chapter 7: Quantification of Technical, Economic, Environmental and Social Benefits of Microgrid Operation
7.1 Introduction and Overview of Potential Microgrid Benefits
7.2 Setup of Benefit Quantification Study
7.3 Quantification of Microgrids Benefits under Standard Test Conditions
7.4 Impact of External Market Prices and Pricing Policies
7.5 Impact of Microgrid Operation Strategy
7.6 Extension to European Scale
7.7 Conclusions
References
Index
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