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Index
First Migrants: Ancient Migration in Global Perspective
Copyright
Contents
List of Figures
Preface
A Note on Dating Terminology
Acknowledgements
1 The Relevance and Reality of Ancient Migration
Migration in Prehistoric Times
Hypothesizing About Prehistoric Migrations
Migrations in History and Ethnography
The Helvetii
Ancient China
Medieval Iceland
The Nuer of Sudan
The Iban of Sarawak
Relevance for Prehistoric Migration?
Notes
2 Making Inferences About Prehistoric Migration
Changes in Time and Space – Genes, Languages, Cultures
Human Biology, Genetics, and Migration
Demic Diffusion
Language Families and the Study of Migration in Prehistory
Language Family Spread: Lessons from Recent History
Language Family Spread: Lessons from Anthropology
Dating the Spreads of Language Families
Cultures in Archaeology – Do They Equate with Linguistic and Biological Populations?
Archaeology and the Study of Migration in Prehistory
One End of the Spectrum – Intensive Culture Change without Significant Migration
The Other End of the Spectrum – Intensive Cultural Change with Significant Migration
Notes
3 Migrating Hominins and the Rise of Our Own Species
Behavioral Characteristics and Origins of Early Hominins in Africa
First Hominin Migration(s) – Out of Africa 1
Unfolding Species in Time and Space
Java, Flores, and Crossing the Sea
Out of Africa 2?
Out of Africa 3? The Origins of H. sapiens
The Recognition of Modern Humans in Biology and Archaeology
The Expansion of Modern Humans Across the African and Eurasian Continents, 130,000–45,000 Years Ago
Africa
The Levant and Southern Asia
Northern and Western Eurasia
The Fate of the Neanderthals
Explanations?
Notes
4 Beyond Eurasia: The Pioneers of Unpeopled Lands – Wallacea and Beyond, Australia, The Americas
Crossing the Sea Beyond Sundaland
How Many Settlers?
The First Australo-Melanesians
The Archaeology of Island Colonization – Wallacea, Melanesia, Australia
Heading North and Offshore Again – Japan
The Americas
Getting to Beringia
Circumventing the Ice
The Rapid Unfolding of American Colonization
Notes
5 Hunter-Gatherer Migrations in a Warming Postglacial World
Postglacial Recolonizations in Northern Eurasia
After the First Americans: Further Migrations Across Bering Strait
Na-Dene and Yeniseian
The Apachean Migration
The Holocene Colonizations of Arctic Coastal North America
The Thule Migration and the Inuit
The Early Holocene Colonization of a Green Sahara
Continental Shelves and Their Significance for Human Migration
Holocene Australia – Pama-Nyungan Migration?
Linguistic Prehistory during the Australian Holocene
Who Were the Ancestral Pama-Nyungans?
Notes
6 The First Farmers and Their Offspring
Where and When Did Food Production Begin?
Why Did Food Production Develop in Some Places, but Not Others?
Why Was Domesticated Food Production Relatively Slow to Develop?
Food Production and Population Expansion
The Neolithic
Food Production as the Driving Force of Early Agriculturalist Migration
Notes
7 The Fertile Crescent Food Production Complex
Agricultural Origins in the Fertile Crescent
Neolithic and Chalcolithic Expansion Beyond the Fertile Crescent
Anatolia and Southeastern Europe
Neolithic Migration Beyond Greece and the Balkans
The Steppes and Central Asia
Iran, Pakistan, and South Asia Beyond the Indus
Linguistic History and the Spread of the Fertile Crescent Food Production Complex
Perspectives from Indo-European
The Possible Significance of the Turkic and Yeniseian Languages in Central Asia
West Eurasian Genetic and Population History in the Holocene
Peninsular Indian Archaeology and Dravidian Linguistic History
The Spread of the Fertile Crescent Food-Producing Economy into North Africa
The Fertile Crescent Food Production Complex and Its Impact on Holocene Prehistory in Western Eurasia
Notes
8 The East Asian and Western Pacific Food Production Complexes
Agricultural Origins in the Yellow and Yangzi Basins of East Asia
Migrations from the Yellow River Basin
Migrations from the Yangzi Basin – Mainland Southeast Asia
Early Rice and the Linguistic Record
Genetics, Human Biology, and the East Asian Mainland during the Holocene
Island Southeast Asia and Oceania
The Colonization of Oceania
The History of the Austronesian Language Family
Biological Anthropology and the Austronesians
The East Asian and Western Pacific Food Production Complexes and Their Impacts on Holocene Prehistory
Notes
9 The African and American Food Production Complexes
Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa
West Africa and the Niger-Congo-Speaking Populations
The African Food Production Complex in Perspective
Holocene Migrations in the Americas
The Central Andes
Amazonia
The Caribbean Islands
Mesoamerica
Northern Mesoamerica, the Southwestern United States, and the Uto-Aztecans
The Eastern Woodlands
The American Food Production Complexes and Their Impacts on Holocene Prehistory
Notes
10 The Role of Migration in the History of Humanity
Notes
References
Index
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