Complications of Urologic Surgery E-Book · Prevention and Management by Taneja, Samir S. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover image Title Page Copyright Preface Dedication List of Contributors Section I Preoperative Assessment and Perioperative Management 1 Impact of Host Factors and Comorbid Conditions

Obesity Malnutrition Nutritional Status Assessment Preoperative Management of Malnutrition Infection and Urosepsis Quantifying Comorbidity Conclusion References Chapter 1 Questions Answers

2 Preoperative Pulmonary Assessment and Management of Pulmonary Complications

Preoperative Pulmonary Assessment Preoperative Strategies Postoperative Strategies Bronchospasm Atelectasis Pleural Effusion Postoperative Pneumonia Postoperative Management for Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Complications Involving the Pleural Space Pulmonary Embolism Air Embolism Pulmonary Complications of Open and Laparoscopic Urologic Surgery Pulmonary Complications of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Patients With Prior Bleomycin Chemotherapy Conclusion References Chapter 2 Questions Answers

3 Preoperative Cardiac Assessment and Management of Perioperative Cardiac Complications

Introduction Timing and Surgical Risk Evaluating the Patient and Risk Stratification Coronary Artery Disease Congestive Heart Failure Valvular Heart Disease Arrhythmias Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices Pulmonary Hypertension Perioperative Medical Interventions References Chapter 3 Questions Answers

4 Preoperative Hematologic Assessment and Management of Hematologic Complications

Preoperative Evaluation Abnormalities of Blood Components Disorders of Increased Bleeding Anticoagulated Patient Management of Intraoperative Bleeding Problems of Increased Coagulation Conclusion References Chapter 4 Questions Answers

5 Metabolic Complications of Urologic Surgery

Perioperative Management of the Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease Hyponatermia Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion Transurethral Resection Syndrome Postobstructive Diuresis Metabolic Complications of Urinary Diversion References Chapter 5 Questions Answers

6 Anesthetic Complications in Urologic Surgery

Anesthesia Safety Preoperative Assessment Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Intraoperative Anesthesia Management Nerve Blocks in Urology Intraoperative Penile Erection Obturator Reflex Postoperative Pain Management Laparoscopy and Robotic-assisted Laparoscopy References Chapter 6 Questions Answers

7 Infectious Complications of Urologic Surgery

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Urologic Surgery Management of Surgical Infections Antibiotic Resistance Clostridium difficile Colitis Special Considerations Conclusion References Chapter 7 Questions Answers

8 Classification of Complications and Assessment of Quality of Care

Introduction Definition of Complications Quality Improvement Strategies Summary References Chapter 8 Questions Answers

Section II Common Surgical Considerations 9 Complications of the Incision and Patient Positioning

Seroma Hematomoa Surgical Site Infection Wound Dehiscence Nerve/Plexus Injuries References Chapter 9 Questions Answers

10 Management of Vascular Complications in Urology

Introduction Instruments and Supplies Causes and Prevention of Vascular Injuries Types of Vascular Injuries Identification of Vascular Injuries Initial Management of Bleeding Definitive Operative Management of Vascular Injuries Complications of Vascular Injuries Specific Cases of Vascular Injury References Chapter 10 Questions Answers

11 Management of Bowel Complications

Ileus Bowel Preparation Bowel Injury Bowel Leak, Abscess, and Fistula Bowel Obstruction Ogilvie's Syndrome References Chapter 11 Questions Answers

12 Management of Urinary Fistula

Introduction Vesicovaginal Fistula Urethrovaginal Fistula Ureteral Fistula Intestinal Fistula Conclusions References Chapter 12 Questions Answers

13 Management of Urine Leak

Introduction Urinary Leak Associated With Partial Nephrectomy Urinary Leak Associated With Radical Prostatectomy Urinary Leak Following Urinary Diversions and Bladder Reconstruction Prevention of Urinary Leak Management of Urinary Leak (see Fig. 13.4) Urinary Leak Following Miscellaneous Procedures Conclusions References Chapter 13 Questions Answers

14 Management of Ureteral Injury

Introduction Anatomy Etiologies of Ureteral Injury Diagnosis Timing of Repair Preoperative Management Strategies for the Management of Ureteral Injuries Summary References Chapter 14 Questions Answers

15 Management of Complications Related to Traumatic Injuries

Renal Trauma Ureteral Trauma Bladder Trauma Urethral Trauma External Genitalia References Chapter 15 Questions Answers

Section III Surgical Scenarios Predisposing to Complication 16 Urologic Surgery in the Obese

Condition-specific Considerations Conclusions References Chapter 16 Questions Answers

17 Urologic Surgery in the Pregnant Patient

Introduction The Pregnant Patient Urologic Disease During Pregnancy Imaging Considerations During Pregnancy Surgical Considerations During Pregnancy Complications Related to Pregnancy Conclusions References Chapter 17 Questions Answers

18 Management of Complications of Gender Confirmation Surgery

Introduction Complications Specific to Female-to-Male Gender Confirmation Surgery Male-to-Female Gender Confirmation Surgery Complications Conclusions References Chapter 18 Questions Answers

19 Complications of Genitourinary Surgery in the Irradiated Pelvis

The Effects of Radiation on Wound Healing Preoperative Evaluation and Patient Selection Hyperbaric Oxygenation General Intraoperative Considerations Urethral Stricture Rectourethral and Colovesical Fistula Bladder Neck Contracture Conclusions References Chapter 19 Questions Answers

Section IV Complications of Ambulatory Urologic Procedures 20 Prostate Biopsy Complications

Introduction Prostate Biopsy Complications and Factors Influencing Complications Complications of Alternative Biopsy Technique: Transperineal Biopsy Methods to Decrease Complication Risks Management of Complications Conclusion References Chapter 20 Questions Answers

21 Complications of Upper Tract Drainage

Introduction Surgical Decompression of the Urinary Tract Complications of Stents Complications of Nephrostomy Tubes Complications of Antegrade Stents Conclusion References Chapter 21 Questions Answers

22 Complications of Intravesical Therapy

Intravesical Immunotherapy Conclusions References Chapter 22 Questions Answers

23 Complications of Renal Tissue Ablation

Introduction Prevention of Complications Complications of Ablation Managing Complications of Ablation Conclusions References Chapter 23 Questions Answers

24 Complications of Prostate Cryosurgical Ablation

Introduction Mechanisms of Tissue Injury and Causes of Complications Patient Selection Operative Considerations Complications Conclusions References Chapter 24 Questions Answers

Section V Complications of Endourologic Procedures 25 Complications of Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors

Introduction General Considerations Surgical Instrumentation Irrigating Solutions Patient Preparation Anesthesia and Positioning Surgical Approach Complications of Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors Complications of Post Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor Intravesical Chemotherapy Conclusions References Chapter 25 Questions Answers

26 Complications of Endoscopic Procedures for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Introduction Nonspecific Complications of Endoscopic Procedures for BPH Conclusions References Chapter 26 Questions Answers

27 Complications of Ureteroscopic Surgery

Introduction Patient Selection Contraindications Preparation Technique of Upper Urinary Tract Endoscopy Intraoperative Complications Early Postoperative Complications Late Postoperative Complications Conclusions References Chapter 27 Questions Answers

28 Complications of Percutaneous Renal Surgery

Hemorrhage Collecting System Injuries Injury to Adjacent Structures Medical Complications Conclusions References Chapter 28 Questions Answers

29 Complications of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Hematoma Steinstrasse Sepsis Cardiac Arrhythmias Vascular Injury Adjacent Organ Injury Urinary Fistulas Hypertension Renal Insufficiency Diabetes Risk Fertility Effects Potential Long-term Complications Strategies to Reduce Risk of Complications Conclusions References Chapter 29 Questions Answers

Section VI Complications of Laparoscopic/Robotic Procedures 30 Special Considerations in Laparoscopy

Introduction Patient Selection and Anesthetic Considerations Conclusions References Chapter 30 Questions Answers

31 Special Considerations in Robot-Assisted Surgery

Introduction Patient Selection and Preparation Robotic-team Approach Patient Positioning Effects of Pneumoperitoneum Team Communication Robotic System Failure Conclusions References Chapter 31 Questions Answers

32 Complications of Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

Preoperative Considerations Intraoperative Surgical Complications Early Postoperative Complications Late Postoperative Consequences References Further Reading Chapter 32 Questions Answers

33 Complications of Robotic Pelvic Floor Reconstruction

Preoperative Considerations Patient Positioning and Surgical Setup Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications Conclusions References Chaper 33 Questions Answers

34 Complications of Laparoscopic/Robotic Nephrectomy and Partial Nephrectomy

Preoperative Considerations Procedural Complications Procedure-specific Considerations Conclusions References Chapter 34 Questions Answers

35 Complications of Robotic Upper Urinary Tract Reconstruction

Preoperative Considerations Postoperative Complications Conclusions References Chapter 35 Questions Answers

36 Complications of Robotic Cystectomy

Introduction Review of Perioperative and Postoperative Complications Perioperative Preparation Intraoperative Complications and Management Postoperative Complications and Management Conclusions References Chapter 36 Questions Answers

Section VII Complications of Extirpative Surgery 37 Complications of Nephrectomy

Preoperative Considerations Surgical Approach Intraoperative Complications Infection Special Populations References Chapter 37 Questions Answers

38 Complications of Open Partial Nephrectomy

Preoperative Considerations Operative Planning General Complications Specific Complications Conclusions References Chapter 38 Questions Answers

39 Complications of Adrenal Surgery

Surgical Approaches and Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications and Patient Management References Chapter 39 Questions Answers

40 Complications of Lymphadenectomy

Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection Complications of Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection Complications of Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection References Chapter 40 Questions Answers

41 Complications of Radical Cystectomy and Urinary Diversion

Introduction Prevalence and Risk Factors Complications by Organ System Readmission Mortality Conclusions References Chapter 41 Questions Answers

42 Complications of Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy

Preoperative Considerations Intraoperative Complications Early Postoperative Complications Delayed Postoperative Complications Salvage Prostatectomy References Chapter 42 Questions Answers

Section VIII Complications of Reconstructive Surgery 43 Complications of Ureteral Reconstructive Surgery

Surgical Anatomy Etiology and Epidemiology of Ureteral Injury Diagnosis and Preoperative Planning General Surgical Considerations Surgical Management References Chapter 43 Questions Answers

44 Complications of Renal Transplantation

Basic Operative Procedure Surgical Challenges Urologic Complications Vascular Complications Graft Rejection References Chapter 44 Questions Answers

45 Complications of Conduit Urinary Diversion

Preoperative Considerations Complications References Chapter 45 Questions Answers

46 Complications of Continent Cutaneous Diversion

Introduction Prevention of Complications Application to Robotic Surgery Early Complications Late Complications Conclusions References Chapter 46 Questions Answers

47 Complications of Orthotopic Neobladder

Patient Selection and Contraindications to Orthotopic Diversion Surgical Complications References Chapter 47 Questions Answers

48 Complications of Bladder Augmentation and Surgery for Neurogenic Bladder

Introduction Short-term Complications Long-term Complications Conclusions References Chapter 48 Questions Answers

49 Complications of Female Incontinence Surgery

Types of Incontinence Types of Incontinence Operations Prevention of Complications Complications Conclusions References Chapter 49 Questions Answers

50 Complications of Surgery for Male Incontinence

Introduction Preoperative Considerations Procedures for Male Incontinence Intraoperative Complications Early Postoperative Complications Delayed and Long-term Complications Conclusions References Chapter 50 Questions Answers

51 Complications of Urethral Reconstruction

Complications of Urethral Stricture Disease Complications of Diagnostic Procedures Complications of Urethral Dilation Complications of Internal Urethrotomy Complications of Endoscopic Treatment of Posterior Urethral Injuries Complications of Urethral Stents Complications of Open Surgical Procedures Conclusions References Chapter 51 Questions Answers

52 Complications of Surgery for Erectile Dysfunction and Peyronie's Disease

Introduction Penile Prosthesis Surgery Infection Mechanical Malfunction Erosion Crural Perforation Supersonic Transporter Deformity Penile Necrosis Complications of Penile Vascular Surgery Peyronie's Disease Surgery Complications Conclusions References Chapter 52 Questions Answers

53 Complications of Surgery of the Testicle, Vas Deferens, Epididymis, and Scrotum

Introduction Anatomy General Considerations in Scrotal Surgery Complications Common to Scrotal Surgery Vasectomy Varicocelectomy Sperm Extraction Procedures Vasectomy Reversal (Vasovasostomy and Vasoepididymostomy) Hydrocelectomy Spermatocelectomy Radical, Partial, and Simple Orchiectomy Conclusions References Chapter 53 Questions Answers

Section IX Complications of Pediatric Urologic Surgery 54 Special Considerations in the Pediatric Patient

Introduction Preoperative Considerations Intraoperative Considerations Surgery Specific Complications Postoperative Considerations Conclusions References Chapter 54 Questions Answers

55 Complications of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgery

Cystoscopic Interventions Nephrolithiasis Conclusions References Chapter 55 Questions Answers

56 Complications of Pediatric Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery

General Principles of Laparoscopy in Children Kidney Surgery Bladder and Lower Ureteral Surgery Testicular and Groin Surgery Conclusions References Chapter 56 Questions Answers

57 Complications of Surgery for Posterior Urethral Valves

In Utero Intervention Initial Management of Patients With Posterior Urethral Valves Prognosis Following Initial Therapy Vesicostomy Closure Vesicoureteral Reflux Bladder Dysfunction Delayed Presentation of Posterior Urethral Valves Progression to End-stage Renal Disease and Renal Transplantation Conclusions References Chapter 57 Questions Answers

58 Complications of Ureteral Reimplantation, Antireflux Surgery, and Megaureter Repair

Nonsurgical Complications Bladder Dynamics and Vesicoureteral Reflux Surgical Complications of Ureteral Reimplantation in the Nondilated Ureter Complications of Endoscopic Correction of Vesicoureteral Reflux Surgical Complications of Laparoscopic/Robotic Reimplant Surgical Complications of Megaureter Repair Surgical Complications of Ureterocele Repair Conclusions References Chapter 58 Questions Answers

59 Complications of Exstrophy and Epispadias Repair

Initial Bladder Closure Epispadias Repair Bladder Neck Reconstruction Long-Term Considerations Conclusions Acknowledgment References Chapter 59 Questions Answers

60 Complications of Hypospadias Repair

Prevention of Complications Management of Complications Conclusions References Chapter 60 Questions Answers

61 Complications of Surgery for Disorders of Sex Development

Overvirilization Vaginal Agenesis and Vaginoplasty Undervirilization and Gonadal Abnormalities Conclusions References Chapter 61 Questions Answers

62 Complications of Pediatric Urinary Diversions and Bladder Augmentation

The Goals of Congenital Urologic Diversions and Urinary Reconstruction Complications Following Temporizing Urinary Diversions of Infancy and Childhood Complications Following Definitive Urologic Reconstruction in Childhood Lethal Complications Following Urologic Reconstruction in Childhood Preservation of Renal Function Following Urinary Conduits and Bladder Reconstruction Surgical Complications Medical Complications Following Bladder Augmentation or Urinary Diversion Bladder Augmentations Not Using the Gastroenteric Segments Pregnancy FollowingBladder Augmentation and Urinary Diversion Patient Selection References Chapter 62 Questions Answers

Index

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