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Index
Preface
Camera Basic: how it works
1. Introduction
How does a camera work?
2. Exposure
Intro to exposure
What is exposure
Importance of light
How to adjust exposure
What is aperture
How to adjust aperture
Aperture and depth of field
The sweet spot
What is shutter speed
Shutter speed and motion
Distance and speed
Relationship with aperture
What is ISO
What is base ISO
How ISO is measured
Noise, unwanted effect
Relationship with shutter speed and aperture
The exposure triangle
Measuring stops of light
Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Bucket of water explanation
The exposure meter
Is the light meter always right?
Metering modes (advanced lesson)
Matrix metering
Spot metering
Centre-weighted metering
Modes of exposure
Auto mode
Exposure modes
Program mode (P)
Aperture priority mode (Av)
Shutter priority mode (Tv)
Manual mode (M)
And ISO?
Other modes
Exposure compensation (advanced lesson)
How does it change the exposure?
Reading exposure with a histogram (advanced lesson)
Creative exposure: underexposing and overexposing
Overexposure
Underexposure
Correct exposure
Using exposure creatively
Exposure stops (advanced lesson)
Dynamic range (advanced Lesson)
Why dynamic range matters
HDR photography and bracketing (advanced lesson)
3. Composition
What is composition
Visualization
Simplicity
The Rule of Thirds
The golden ratio – Fibonacci spiral (pro tip)
The mathematical explanation
Applied to photography
Negative Space
Leading Line
Framing within frames
Balance and symmetry
Other composition styles
Perspective and angles
Backgrounds
What does the background say?
Choosing backgrounds and backdrops
Types of backgrounds
Indoor/outdoor locations
Portable backgrounds
Muslin
Canvas backdrops
Floor drops
Vinyl
Seamless paper
Other creative backgrounds
About colors
Creating depth with layering (pro tip)
Using shapes in compositions (pro tip)
Shooting portraits with wide vs. telephoto sense (advanced lesson)
4. Focus and depth of field
Introduction
Understanding depth of field
Creative uses of depth of field
Sensor sizes and depth of field
Calculating depth of field
What is bokeh (advanced lesson)
Troubles when shooting bokeh
Manual vs. auto focus
Autofocus modes and focus points (advanced lesson)
Active or passive autofocus
Focus points
Focus modes
Single area AF/One shot AF
Continuous/ AI servo
AF-A/AI Focus AF
AF-F/Full servo
AF area mode
Group area AF
Using autofocus
Capturing motion in focus (advanced lesson)
Focusing in low light (pro tip)
Back button focus (pro tip)
How to take sharp photos
Why it is blurry
How to set your camera
What else could it be?
Conclusion
Viewfinder focus (advanced lesson)
How do you know your diopter needs to be adjusted?
How do you adjust your diopter?
Problems
5. Camera anatomy
Introduction
Main features of most cameras
Camera scene modes (advanced lesson)
Portrait mode
Macro mode
Landscape mode
Sports mode
Night mode
Fireworks mode
Beach and snow mode
Panoramic mode
Camera sensors
Which one should I choose?
Micro four thirds camera
Micro 4/3 vs mirrorless
Before buying
Who should buy a micro 4/3 camera?
Caring for the sensor
Crop factor
How crop factor came about
What is crop factor
Specific lens and system sizes
File types: RAW vs. JPEG
Which file format should be used?
Shooting in RAW
Shooting in JPEG
Resolution and quality
Continuous and burst modes
DSLR vs. mirrorless cameras
DSLR
DSLR camera limitations
Mirrorless
Mirrorless camera advantages
Mirrorless camera limitations
DSLR and mirrorless camera comparition
Buying into a system
Mirrorless vs. DSLR autofocus performance
Future innovation
6. White balance and color
Introduction
What is white balance?
Kelvin temperature scale
Auto white balance modes
Custom white balance (advanced lesson)
Color profiles (advanced lesson)
Light spectrum and color theory (advanced lesson)
Creative colors
Complimentary colors
Black and white photography
Black and white technics (pro tip)
7. Lighting and flash photography
Introduction
shooting in natural light
What is your goal with lighting?
Tips for shooting with natural light
Using natural light from a window
Shooting in artificial light
Shooting with your camera’s flash
Shooting with an external flash
Common misconception about flash
How do external flash work?
Flash exposure (FE)
High speed flash photography
Shooting with a flash outdoors
Shooting with a lighting kit: 3-point lighting
Creative lighting: silhouettes and the black light
Silhouettes
Back lighting
Off-camera flash
Night time long exposure
Capturing beautiful sunset photographs (pro tip)
Artistic flares (pro tip)
Getting rid of glare in glasses (pro tip)
low light photography
Visible shade/difficult light
Low light
Dark
Mobile photography
8. Mobile photography
Introduction
Using a smartphone camera
Tips for better smartphone photos
Low light with a smartphone
Mobile camera accessories
Portrait mode
Camera equipment
9. Equipment: cameras
Camera types
DSLR cameras
Mirrorless cameras
Point and shoot cameras
Mobile and smartphone cameras
Know your options
What is your budget?
What makes a camera expensive?
How much can you spend on a camera?
Which brand is best?
What to look out for when buying used cameras
Dead pixels
Shutter count
Sensor
Body condition
Lens mount
LCD screen
Autofocus
How and where to buy a camera
What is the best beginner camera?
What is in a camera bag?
How to build a camera kit
What order should you buy everything?
10. Equipment: lenses
Introduction
Deeper dive into focal length
Dive into aperture
Metering modes (advanced tip)
Primes vs. zooms
Prime lenses
Advantages of prime lenses
Disadvantages of prime lens
Zoom lenses
Advantages of zoom lenses
Disadvantages of zoom lenses
Subject matters
Conclusion
Building your lens set
What lens should you buy?
Buying used camera lenses
Testing the lens
Building your lens set over time
Lens Stabilization
Chromatic aberration (pro tip)
Lens Filters
Ultraviolet filter
Polarizer filter
Neutral density
Other filters
Specialty lenses
Macro lenses
Tilt shift lenses
Fisheye lenses
How to clean a camera lens
11. Equipment: accessories
Introduction
Memory cards
Types of memory cards, in detail
Memory Card Readers
How much space do you need?
Batteries
Stabilization
Flashes and lights
Camera bags
Hard drives
Photo Scenarios
12. Portrait photography
Top tips
13. Long exposure photography
What is it
Top tips
14. Landscape photography
Top tips
15. Product photography
Introduction
Top tips
16. Low light photography
What is it
Top tips
17. Sport and action photography
Top tips
Excellent subjects
18. Macro photography
what is it
top tips
Excellent subjects
19. Street and architecture photography
Top tips
Other ideas and techniques
20. Event and wedding photography
Top tips
21. Aerial and drone photography
Recommended equipment
Top tips
22. Wildlife photography
Top tips
23. Night photography
Top tips
Capturing cityscapes at night
24. time-lapse photography
Introduction
Timelapse settings
Intervals
Exposure
Photography business
25. Sharing your photos online
Introduction
Online platforms
Instagram
Top tips
Building an online presence
26. Start a photography business
Introduction
Starting your business
Finding your first clients
Payments and accounting
How much should you charge?
Contracts
Income and expenses tracking
27. stock photography
Introduction
Selling on stock photo sites
Selling your own photography
Understanding licensing
28. Printing your photos
How to do it
How big can you print your photos?
Framing your photos
Conclusion
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