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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Abbreviations
General
Books of the Bible (NT, OT, Apocrypha)
Old Testament/Hebrew Bible
Apocrypha
New Testament
Journals, Series, Reference Works
Ancient Authors and Texts
Mishnah, Talmud, Targum
Dead Sea Scrolls
Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
Introduction
Inside the Commentary
Fortress Commentary on the Old Testament
Fortress Commentary on the New Testament
Reading the Christian New Testament in the Contemporary World (Kwok Pui-Lan)
The New Testament in Global Perspectives
Reading the New Testament in Diverse Contexts
Interpretation for Liberation
Contemporary Approaches to the New Testament
Feminist Approaches
Social-Scientific Approaches
Racial and Ethnic Minority Approaches
Postcolonial Approaches
Contemporary Issues
Anti-Judaism and Antisemitism
Same-Sex Marriage
A “New” New Testament
Conclusion
Works Cited
Negotiating the Jewish Heritage of Early Christianity (Lawrence M. Wills)
The Continuing Demand for Comparison, despite the Complexity of the Data
The Gospel of Mark as a Test Case
Conclusion
Works Cited
Rootlessness and Community in Contexts of Diaspora (Margaret Aymer)
(Re)Considering the History and Rhetoric of New Testament Writings
New Testament Writings as Diaspora Spaces
New Testament Migrant Strategies
Migrant Writings as Twenty-First-Century Scriptures
Works Cited
The Apocalyptic Legacy of Early Christianity (David A. Sánchez)
Introduction: The Problem of a Suppressed Legacy
Apocalypticism
Excavating Mark as Another Example of Christian Apocalyptic
Domesticating Mark: Matthew and Luke-Acts
Expanding the Apocalyptic Landscape: The Pauline Tradition
The Book of Revelation and the Explicit Legacy of Christian Apocalypticism
The Apocalyptic Legacy Today
Epilogue
Works Cited
Jesus and the Christian Gospels (Raymond Pickett)
Jesus in History and Interpretation
The Hermeneutical Circle
The Historical Figure of Jesus
The Jesus Movement in Galilee
Jesus and John the Baptist
Jesus and the Renewal of Local Community
Jesus as Prophet
Journey to Jerusalem
Followers of Jesus and the Development of the Gospel Tradition
The Genre and Relationships of the Gospels
Matthew and Luke as Interpreters of Mark
The Gospel of John
Concluding Summary
Works Cited
Matthew (Warren Carter)
Introduction
Narrative Pastoral Theology at Work
Enemies and Verbal Violence
Part 1: God Commissions Jesus (Matthew 1:1–4:16)
Matthew 1:1–17: A Genealogy
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 1:18–2:23: Jesus’ Conception, Commission, and Vulnerability
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 3:1–4:16: Witnessed to by John and the Scriptures, Tempted by the Devil
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Part 2: Jesus’ Public Ministry Begins (Matthew 4:17–11:1)
Matthew 4:17–5:48: God’s Empire Displayed in Jesus’ Actions and Teaching
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 6:1–7:29: Jesus Continues Teaching on the Mountain
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 8:1–9:38: God’s Empire Displayed in Jesus’ Actions
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 10:1–11:1: Mission Work for Disciples
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Part 3: Responses to Jesus’ Ministry (Matthew 11:2–16:20)
Matthew 11:2–12:50: Discerning and Responding to Jesus’ Mission and Identity
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 13:1–58: Explaining Different Responses to Jesus
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 14:1–36: God’s Empire at Work
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 15:1–16:20: Jesus’ Authority as God’s Agent
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Part 4: Jesus Will Be Crucified and Raised (Matthew 16:21–20:34)
Matthew 16:21–17:24: The Way of the Cross for Jesus and Disciples
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 18:1–35: A Community of Sustaining Relationships and Practices
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 19–20: Alternative Households Shaped by God’s Empire
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Part 5: Jesus in Jerusalem: Conflict and Death (Matthew 21–27)
Matthew 21: Conflict in Jerusalem
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 22: Conflict over Jesus’ Authority
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 23: Jesus Attacks the Scribes and Pharisees
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 24–25: Jesus Announces the Final and Full Establishment of God’s Empire
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Matthew 26–27: Jesus Is Crucified
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Part 6: God Thwarts Imperial Power and Raises Jesus (Matthew 28)
Matthew 28: Jesus’ Resurrection and the Commissioning of Disciples
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
Mark (Raquel S. Lettsome)
Introduction
Mark 1:1–13: The Beginning of the Good News
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 1:14–39: An Invitation to Follow
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 1:40–3:6: Following beyond the Boundaries
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 3:7–35: Following in Ministry: Expansion and Opposition
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 4:1–34: Parables of the Kingdom
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 4:35–6:6: Ministry and Rejection
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 6:7–29: Ministry and Murder
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 7:1–23: Ministry and Tradition
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 7:24–8:26: Receptivity and Misunderstanding
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 8:27–10:52: Following on the Way
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 11:1–12:44: Following to Jerusalem
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 13:1–37: Following to the End
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 14:1–15:47: The Cost of Following
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Mark 16:1–8: Will You Follow?
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
Luke (Robert L. Brawley)
Introduction
Luke 1:1–4: Prologue: What and How
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 1:5–4:13: Setting and Preparation for Jesus’ Ministry
Luke 1:5–3:20: Divine Promises, Infancy Narratives, Global and Local Settings
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 3:21–4:13: Unfolding Jesus’ Identity and Endowment with the Spirit
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 4:14–21:38: Proclamation and Extension of God’s Commonwealth
Luke 4:14–41: Hopes and Manifestations of Jesus’ Mission
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 4:42–5:11: Initial Extensions of Jesus’ Mission
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 5:12–6:11: Faith and Restorations in Contexts of Oppression
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 6:12–49: Life in God’s Commonwealth
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 7:1–50: Deeds that Substantiate Jesus’ Identity
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 8:1–56: Seed and Soil, Discipleship and Kinship
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 9: Disciples and Mission, Triumphs and Disappointments
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 10: Manifesting God’s Commonwealth in Contexts of Oppression
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 11:1–13:9: Praying and Acting, Fairness and Injustice
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 13:10–35: Restoration and Inclusion in God’s Commonwealth
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 14: Changing Social Relationships
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 15: Advocating Inclusion in God’s Commonwealth against Resistance
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 16: Children of Mammon and Children of God
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 17:1–18:8: Scandals and Faith(Fulness) Less than a Mustard Seed
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 18:9–34: Inclusion in and Exclusion from God’s Commonwealth
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 18:35–19:27: The Commonwealth Jesus Brings and Ruling Systems
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 19:28–20:44: Ruling Systems in Jerusalem and the Things that Make for Peace
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 20:45–21:38: The Demise of Injustice and God’s Commonwealth
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 22:1–23:56: The Greatest Who Serves and the Power of Violence
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Luke 24: Resurrection
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
John (Adele Reinhartz)
Introduction
The Book
The Hero
The Story
The Message
The Purpose and Audience
The Commentary
John 1:1–18: The Prologue
The Text in Its Ancient Context
Poetic Style
Wisdom Imagery
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
The Book of Signs (1:19–12:50)
1:19–34: The Testimony of John the Baptist
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1:35–51: Call of the Disciples
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2:1–12: Jesus’ First Sign: Wedding at Cana
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2:13–25: Jesus’ Sign of Authority over the Temple
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
3:1–21: Nicodemus
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
3:22–36: Jesus the Baptizer
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
4:1–42: The Samaritan Woman
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
4:43–54: Second Sign: Healing of the Official’s Son
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
5:1–47: Healing on the Sabbath
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
6:1–21: A Fifth Sign: Feeding of the Multitudes and Walking on Water
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
6:22–71: The Bread of Life Discourse
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
7:1–52: Festival of Tabernacles
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
7:53–8:11: The Adulterous Woman
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
8:12–59: Confrontation with the Jews
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
9:1–41: A Sixth Sign: Healing of the Blind Man
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
10:1–42: The Good Shepherd
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
11:1–54: A Seventh Sign: Raising of Lazarus
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
11:55–12:11: The Anointing of Jesus at Bethany
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
12:12–50: The Triumphal Entry and End of Jesus’ Public Ministry
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
The Book of Glory (13:1–20:31)
13:1–38: Final Dinner
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
14:1–16:33: Farewell Discourses
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
17:1–26: Jesus’ Prayer
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
18:1–19:16a: Betrayal, Trials, and Denial
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
19:16b–42 Crucifixion and Burial
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
20:1–18: Mary Magdalene and the Gardener
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
20:19–29: Appearances to the Disciples
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
20:30–31 Conclusion and Statement of Purpose
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
21:1–25: Epilogue
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
Acts as a History of the Early Church (Demetrius K. Williams)
Dating the Acts of the Apostles
The Genre of Acts
Contemporary Options for Reading Acts: Ideological, Postcolonial, and Postmodern Perspectives
Luke as a Historian of the Early Church
Movement from Jerusalem to Rome and the Portrayal of the Apostles
The Construction of Christian Identity
Acts and the “Break” with Judaism: “Jews” as Agents of Persecution
Portrayal of Roman Characters
Reading Luke-Acts Today
Works Cited
The Acts of the Apostles (Michal Beth Dinkler)
Introduction
1:1–26: Prologue and Introduction
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2:1–47: The Day of Pentecost
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
3:1–6:7: The Church in Jerusalem
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
6:8–8:3: The Persecution and Martyrdom of Stephen
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
8:4–40: The Ministry of Philip
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
9:1–31: The Call of Saul/Paul
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
9:32–11:18: The Ministry of Peter
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
11:19–12:25: God Protects the Jerusalem Church
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
13:1–14:28: Paul’s First Missionary Journey
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
15:1–35: The Jerusalem Controversy
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
15:36–18:21: Paul’s Second Missionary Journey
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
18:22–21:16: Paul’s Third Missionary Journey
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
21:17–23:35: Events in Jerusalem
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
24:1–26:32: Events in Caesarea
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
27:1–28:31: Paul’s Trip to Rome and Conclusion
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
Situating the Apostle Paul in His Day and Engaging His Legacy in Our Own (Neil Elliott)
Historical Puzzles in the Letters
Stories We Tell about Paul
Paul as Convert from Judaism
Paul as the Champion of a Law-Free Church
Paul as a (Non-Christian) Jew
Paul against Roman Imperial Ideology
The Paradox of Reading Paul’s Letters Today
The Paradox of “Theological” or “Pastoral” Readings
The Paradox of Paul’s Authority
Seeing Paul through a Glass, Darkly
The Pauls in the New Testament
Competing Memories
Paul the Problem: Apostle of the Status Quo?
The Promise of a Critical Historical Imagination
Works Cited
Romans (Cynthia Briggs Kittredge)
Introduction
Paul’s Letter to the Romans in the Interpretive Tradition
Romans in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 1:1–17: Paul Introduces Himself and the Gospel
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 1:18–3:31: Human Wickedness and God’s Justice through Jesus Christ
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 4:1–25: Abraham Is Ancestor of Jews and Gentiles
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 5:1–21: Christ’s Gift of Righteousness Brings Life
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 6:1–23: United to Christ in Death and in Resurrection
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 7:1–8:1: The Role of the Law
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 8:1–8:39: Life in the Spirit
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 9:1–29: God’s Promises to Israel Are Sure
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 9:30–10:21: Trying to Understand Israel and the Gentiles
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 11:1–36: The Restoration of Israel and the Inclusion of the Gentiles
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 12:1–21: Exhortation to Holy Living
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 13:1–14: Subjection to Governing Authorities
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 14:1–15:13: Welcome One Another
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 15:14–33: Paul’s Reasons for Writing, Plans to Visit Rome, and Delivery of the Collection
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Romans 16:1–27: Paul Commends Phoebe and Greets His Coworkers
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
1 Corinthians (Laura S. Nasrallah)
Introduction
Ekklēsia
The Sociopolitical Context of Roman Corinth
Ethnicity and Identity in Roman Corinth: The City and the Ekklēsia
The Text
Outline of the Letter
Conclusions
1:1–17: Letter Writing and Community
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Corinthians 1:18–4:21: Spirit and Wisdom
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Corinthians 5:1–6:11 Insiders, Outsiders, and Judgment
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Corinthians 6:12–7:40: “All Things Are Permitted to Me” and “Stay as You Are”
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Corinthians 8–10: Food Offered to Idols, Ethnicity, and Identity
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
11:2–34: Veiling and Eating
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Corinthians 12:1–26: Being the Body of Christ
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Corinthians 12:27–13:13: Love and the Ranking of Charismata
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Corinthians 14:1–40: Spiritual Gifts and Building up Community
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Corinthians 15:1–58: Transformations: From “Psychic Body” to “Spiritual Body”
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Corinthians 16:1–23: Epistolary Closing
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
2 Corinthians (David E. Fredrickson)
Introduction
2 Corinthians 1:1–7: The Sound of P
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 1:8–13: Reconciliation as Resurrection
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 1:15–2:4: If I Am a Flatterer, Then so Is God
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 2:5–11: Shame and Satan
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 2:12–3:3: Topography of an Apostle’s Heart
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
2 Corinthians 3:1–18: Frank Speech and Moses’ Face
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 4:1–6: Your Slaves
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 4:7–5:10: More Body
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 5:11–19: The Madness of Saint Paul
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 5:20–7:4 God Entreating through Us, Not Them
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 8:1–9:15: By Poverty Enriched
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 10:1–18: Miles Gloriosus: Militia Amoris
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 11:1–4: Zealous to Preserve Christ’s Marriage Bed
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 11:5–12:10: Dog Apostles, Hardships, and Weakness
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Corinthians 12:11–13:10: A True Apostle
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
Galatians (Brigitte Kahl)
Introduction
Galatians 1:1–9: The Other Gospel and the End of Otherness
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Galatians 1:10–21: Damascus: Defecting from the Culture of Enmity
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Galatians 2:1–10: Peace Council at Jerusalem
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Galatians 2:11–21: Eating (Dis)Orders at Antioch and Justification by Faith
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Galatians 3:1–29: “Queering” the Human Family
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Galatians 4:1–31: Mother Paul: Giving Birth to Messianic Solidarity
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Galatians 5:1–6:18: Old Cosmos and New Creation: The Ecology of Interdependence
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
Ephesians (Jennifer G. Bird)
Introduction
Ephesians 1:1–2:10: Spiritual Blessings and Riches in Christ
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Ephesians 2:11–3:21: Mystery, Power, and Oneness in Christ
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Ephesians 4:1–5:20: Unity in the Body of Christ and Living Wisely
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Ephesians 5:21–6:9: Household Code
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Ephesians 6:10–24: Spiritual Battle and Benediction
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
Philippians (Julia Lambert Fogg)
Introduction
Philippians 1:1–11: Sharing in Thanksgiving with Joy
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Philippians 1:12–26: Embodying the Mind of Christ: Paul’s Example
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Philippians 1:27–2:18: Embodying the Mind of Christ: Christ’s Example
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Philippians 2:19–4:1: Examples of Embodying the Mind of Christ
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Philippians 4:2–23: Embodying the Mind of Christ in Life and Worship
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
Colossians (Sylvia C. Keesmaat)
Introduction
Colossians 1:1–14: Greeting and Description of the Colossians’ Story
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Colossians 1:15–23: Who Is Lord: Jesus or Caesar?
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Colossians 1:24–2:6: The Mystery of Christ
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Colossians 2:8–3:4: Paul’s Challenge to Idolatry
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Colossians 3:5–17: Living as Image Bearers
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Colossians 3:18–4:1: Submission and Inheritance—A Jubilee for Slaves
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Colossians 4:2–18: The Shape of the Community
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
1 Thessalonians (Edward Pillar)
Introduction
1 Thessalonians 1:1–10: The Gospel in Thessalonica
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Thessalonians 2:1–12: Paul’s Defense of His Ministry
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Thessalonians 2:13–3:11: Persecution, Suffering, and Wrath
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Thessalonians 4:1–12: Sanctification as a Mark of Community
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Thessalonians 4:13–5:11: Confidence in the Gospel
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Thessalonians (Edward Pillar)
Introduction
2 Thessalonians 1:1–12: Steadfastness in Suffering
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Thessalonians 2:1–17: Avoiding Deception—The Day of the Lord
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Thessalonians 3:1–18: Warning the Idle
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
1 Timothy (Deborah Krause)
Introduction to the Pastoral Epistles
Introduction to 1 Timothy
1 Timothy 1:1–2: Opening Salutation
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Timothy 1:3–11: Call to Proper Instruction
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Timothy 1:12–20: Christ’s Mercy—An Example from Paul’s Biography
The Text in Its Ancient Context
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The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Timothy 2:1–15: The Call to a Quiet Life
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Timothy 3:1–16: Qualities for Church Leadership
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Timothy 4:1–16: Sound Teaching
The Text in Its Ancient Context
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The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Timothy 5:1–6:3: Clarifying Roles and Responsibilities
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Timothy 6:4–19: False Teaching and the Call to Guard the Good Confession
The Text in Its Ancient Context
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2 Timothy (Deborah Krause)
Introduction
2 Timothy 1:1–18: The Good Treasure Entrusted to You
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Timothy 2:1–26: Dedication to Service and Sound Teaching
The Text in Its Ancient Context
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2 Timothy 3:1–17: Avoid the Unholy and Adhere to Paul’s Example
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Timothy 4:1–22: Presenting Paul’s Final Requests
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
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Titus (Deborah Krause)
Introduction
Titus 1:1–16: Opening Words of Paul to Titus
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Titus 2:1–15: Enforcing the Social Order
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Titus 3:1–15: Avoiding Controversy for the Whole Church
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
Philemon (Eric D. Barreto)
Introduction
The Text in Its Ancient Context
Slavery Then and Today
Introductory Matters (vv. 1–7)
The Body of the Letter (vv. 8–21)
Final Greetings (vv. 22–25)
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
Introduction to Hebrews, the General Epistles, and Revelation (Neil Elliott)
Hebrews (David A. deSilva)
Introduction
Hebrews 1:1–14: The Ultimate Revelation in God’s Son
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Hebrews 2:1–18: God’s Son and the Many Sons and Daughters
The Text in Its Ancient Context
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The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Hebrews 3:1–19: The Dangers of Responding with Distrust
The Text in Its Ancient Context
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The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Hebrews 4:1–13: Entering God’s “Rest”
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Hebrews 4:14–5:10: God’s Son as Sympathetic Mediator
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Hebrews 5:11–6:20: Summons to Respond Honorably and Appropriately
The Text in Its Ancient Context
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Hebrews 7:1–28: The “Better” High Priestly Mediator
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Hebrews 8:1–13: The “Better” Covenant
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The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Hebrews 9:1–10:18: The “Better” Sacrifice
The Text in Its Ancient Context
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Hebrews 10:19–39: Summons to Persevere in Faithful Response
The Text in Its Ancient Context
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The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Hebrews 11:1–12:3: Encomium on Faith
The Text in Its Ancient Context
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Hebrews 12:4–29: Challenge to Endure and Show Gratitude
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Hebrews 13:1–25: Specific Exhortations for Making a Grateful Response
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Works Cited
James (Timothy B. Cargal)
Introduction
James 1:1–21: Obtaining Wisdom from God
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
James 1:22–2:13: Doing the Word
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James 2:14–26: A Living Faith
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James 3:1–4:12: Humbly Preparing for Judgment
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The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
James 4:13–5:20: Restoring One’s Neighbor—And Self
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The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
1 Peter (David L. Bartlett)
Introduction
1 Peter 1:1–12: The Foundation of Christian Hope
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Peter 1:13–25: The Shape of New Christian Life
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
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1 Peter 2:1–10: The Royal Priesthood
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1 Peter 2:11–17: Living Honorably among the Gentiles
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The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
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1 Peter 2:18–3:7: Living Honorably in the Household
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1 Peter 3:8–22: Faithful Suffering
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1 Peter 4:1–11: Christ’s Suffering as Example
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The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
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1 Peter 4:12–19: The Coming Crisis
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1 Peter 5:1–11: Instructions for Community Order
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The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 Peter 5:12–14: Final Greetings
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
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Works Cited
2 Peter (Pheme Perkins)
Introduction
2 Peter 1:1–15: Christ’s Calling
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Peter 1:16–2:3: The Example of the Prophets
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The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Peter 2:4–22: Lessons from the Biblical Past
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
2 Peter 3:1–18: Salvation and Judgment
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
1, 2, 3 John (Jaime Clark-Soles)
Introduction
1 John
1 John 1:1–4: The Prologue
1 John 1:5–2:17: Walk in the Light
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 John 2:18–3:24: Love in Action
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The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 John 4:1–6: Incarnation and Antichrists
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The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
1 John 4:7–5:12: The Church Defined by Love
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The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
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1 John 5:13–21: Final Verses
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2 John
Introduction
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
3 John
Introduction
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
Jude (Pheme Perkins)
Introduction
Jude 1–25
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
Revelation (Barbara R. Rossing)
Introduction
Interpretive History
Revelation 1:1–8: Prologue
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Revelation 1:9–16: Introducing John of Patmos
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Revelation 2–3: Seven Churches on Earth; Seven Messages
The Text in Its Ancient Context
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Revelation 4–5: Heavenly Throne Room, the Lamb, All Creation’s Worship
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Revelation 6: The Seven Seals: Diagnosing the Crises of Empire
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Revelation 7: First Interlude: The People of God
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Revelation 8–9: Woes, Seven Trumpets: Alas for the Earth
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Revelation 10–11: Second Prophetic Interlude; The People of God
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Revelation 12: Witness to Hope: The Woman, the Dragon, and Earth’s Daring Rescue
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Revelation 13: Sea Beast and Earth Beast: Allies of the Dragon
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Revelation 14: Followers of the Lamb, Harvest of the Earth: The Alternative Community
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Revelation 15: The Song of Moses and the Lamb
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Revelation 16: Seven Bowls, Seven Plagues, and the Angel of the Waters
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Revelation 17:1–19:8: Courtroom Trial, Judgment, and Funeral for Babylon/Rome
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Revelation 19:11–20:15: Satan Bound: The Millennium Interlude
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Revelation 21:1–22:5: New Jerusalem and the Renewed Earth
The Text in Its Ancient Context
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Revelation 22:6–21: Epilogue: Closing Blessings and Exhortations
The Text in Its Ancient Context
The Text in the Interpretive Tradition
The Text in Contemporary Discussion
Works Cited
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