Family Violence Across the Lifespan by Barnett, Ola W. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page Title Page Brief Contents Detailed Contents Case Histories Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors 1. History and Definitions of Family Violence

Violence in Families

Intrafamilial Nonfatal Abuse Intrafamilial Fatal Abuse

Why Are Families Violent? Discovering Family Violence: How Social Conditions Become Social Problems

Discovering Child Maltreatment: The Historical Context Discovering Intimate Partner Violence: The Historical Context The Co-occurrence of Child Maltreatment and Marital Violence International and Understudied Groups in the Discovery of Family Violence Defining Family Violence: Understanding the Social Construction of Deviance Definitions Corporal Punishment Defining Rape Defining Family Defining Violence Defining Family Violence Legally Defining Family Violence Monetary and Other Costs of Family Violence

Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues

Intervention Strategies Common Myths About Family Violence

Goals of This Book Chapter Summary Discussion Questions

2. Research Methodology, Assessment, and Theories of Family Violence

Studying Family Violence: A Multidisciplinary Effort

Sociological Research Social Work Research Crimitoclogical Research Psychological and Psychiatric Research Public Health and Medical Research Neuroscience and Genetics Research Legal Research Cross-Cultural/Global Inquiry Biobehavioral Research: An Emerging Field Interdisciplinary Science Expansion of Federal Government Research Section Summary

Theoretical Explanations for Family Violence

Macrotheory: Explaining Patterns of Family Violence

Microtheory: Explaining the Behaviors of Individual Violent Family Members

Correlates and Single-Factor Variables Related to Family Violence Multidimensional Theories Section Summary

Methodology: How Researchers Try to Answer Questions About Family Violence

Sources of Data Assessment and Research Design Issues Family Violence Scales and Measurement Issues Statistical and Evaluation Matters

Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues

Research Issues Practice Issues Advocacy Issues Policy Implications Section Summary

Discussion Questions

3. Child Neglect and Psychological Maltreatment

Scope of the Problem

What Is Child Neglect? Definitions of Child Neglect Typologies of Neglect Cross-Cultural Abuse Section Summary

Prevalence/Incidence of Child Neglect

Official Estimates Self-Report Surveys Section Summary

Effects of Child Neglect

Early Neglect Unique Effects

Expanded Research on the Effects of Neglect

Attachment Difficulties Minnesota Longitudinal Study Cognitive and Academic Deficits Emotional and Behavioral Problems Physical Consequences Section Summary

Characteristics of Neglected Children and Their Families

Characteristics of Neglected Children. Disabled Children in Eastern Europe Characteristics of Neglectful Parents Parent-Child Interactions Section Summary

Child Psychological Maltreatment

Lack of Focus on Child Maltreatment Scope of the Problem Section Summary

Children Exposed to Interparental Violence

Co-occurrence of Child Abuse and Domestic Violence Defining Exposure to Interparental Violence Prevalence of Exposure to Marital Violence Effects of Children’s Exposure to Interparental Violence Section Summary

Characteristics of Maltreated Children and Their Families

Characteristics of Maltreated Children Resilient Children Characteristics of Maltreating Parents Section Summary Explaining Child Neglect and Child Psychological Maltreatment

Parenting Problems in Neglectful and Psychologically Maltreating Families

Section Summary Methodological Issues Pertaining to Effects Research

Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues

Practice (Treatment) for Child Neglect and Psychological Maltreatment Section Summary Policy Issues Section Summary

Discussion Question

4. Child Physical Abuse

Scope of the Problem

What Is Child Physical Abuse? Definitions of Child Physical Abuse Physical Punishment and Child Rearing Physical Discipline—The Debate Section Summary

Prevalence/Incidence of Child Physical Abuse

Official Estimates Injuries Child Death Review Teams Neonaticidal Mothers Self-Report Surveys Trends in Rates of Physical Abuse Section Summary

Effects of Child Physical Abuse on Children Long-Term Effects Associated With Child Physical Abuse (CPA)

Physical and Mental Health Criminal and Violent Behavior Substance Abuse Socioemotional Difficulties Mediators/Moderators of Abuse Effects

Expanded Discussion of Individual Effects of Child Physical Abuse

Medical and Neurobiological Problems Cognitive Problems Behavioral Problems Difficulties Related to Psychopathology Research Issues Section Summary

Characteristics of Children Who Are Physically Abused

Age Gender Related Variables Race

Characteristics of Adults Who Physically Abuse Children

Age Gender and Parental Type Race Relationship of Perpetrator to the Abused Child Nontraditional Parenting

Psychological, Interpersonal, and Biological Characteristics of Adults Who Physically Abuse Children Expanded Discussion of Psychological, Interpersonal, and Biological Characteristics of Adults Who Physically Abuse Children

Biological Factors Emotional and Behavioral Characteristics of Perpetrators Family and Interpersonal Difficulties of Perpetrators Section Summary

Explaining Child Physical Abuse

The Individual Psychopathology Model—Mentally Ill Parent The Difficult Child Model Parent-Child Interaction Model Social Learning Theory Situational and Societal Conditions Stress Cultural Acceptance of Corporal Punishment Risk Factors for Child Physical Abuse Polyvictimization/Overlapping Risk Factors Protective Factors That Reduce Likelihood of Abuse Contemporary Theories of Child Physical Abuse Section Summary

Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues

Practice (Treatment) for CPA Policy Toward Physical Child Abuse Research Issues Prevention of Child Physical Abuse Grandparenting Section Summary

Discussion Questions

5. Child Sexual Abuse

Scope of the Problem

What Is Child Sexual Abuse? Defining Sexual Abuse Normal Touching

Prevalence of Child Sex Abuse

Disclosure Variability Memory Issues, CSA, and Disclosure

Estimates of Child Sexual Abuse

Official Estimates Self-Report Surveys Trends in Reported Child Sexual Abuse Section Summary

Searching for Patterns: Characteristics of Victims and Perpetrators

Characteristics of Sexually Abused Child Victims Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse Perpetrators Section Summary

Dynamics and Consequences Associated With Child Sexual Abuse

Dynamics of Child Sexual Abuse Child Portocgraphy Prostitution

Effects of Child Sexual Abuse

Initial Effects Long-Term Effects of Child Sexual Abuse Explaining the Variability in Effects of CSA Reactions to Disclosure Section Summary

Explaining Child Sexual Abuse

Focus on the Victim Focus on the Offender Focus on the Family Focus on Society and Culture Integrative Theories Section Summary

Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues

Practice (Treatment) Issues Policy for Child Sexual Abuse Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse Section Summary

Discussion Questions

6. Abused and Abusive Adolescents

Parental Abuse of Adolescents

Defining Adolescent Maltreatment Types of Maltreatment Timing of Maltreatment Prevalence of Parent-to-Adolescent Physical/Psychological Abuse Consequences of Adolescent Maltreatment Risk Factors for Parent-to-Adolescent Maltreatment Explaining Parent-to-Adolescent Maltreatment

Sexual Abuse of Adolescents

Definition of Caregiver-to-Adolescent Sexual Abuse Context and Relationship to Offender of Sexually Victimized Adolescents Prevalence of Sexual Abuse of Adolescents Practice, Policy, and Prevention of Adolescent Maltreatment

Abuse of Parents by Adolescents and Parricide

Nonfatal Abuse of Parents Adolescent-to-Parent Violence Versus Parricide Prevalence of Family Murders Matricide Analysis Explaining Adolescent-to-Caregiver (Parent) Abuse

Sibling Abuse

Definitions of Sibling Abuse Attitudes Toward Sibling Abuse Prevalence of Sibling Abuse

Sibling Sexual Abuse

Definitions of Sibling Sexual Abuse Prevalence of Sibling Sexual Abuse Consequences of Negative Psychological, Physical, and Sexual Sibling Interactions Characteristics of Sibling Abusers Explaining Sibling Psychological, Physical, and Sexual Abuse

Practice, Policy, and Prevention for Abusive/Abused Siblings

Practice With Sibling Abusers Policy for Sibling Abuse Section Summary

Effects of Family Abuse on Adolescent Interpersonal Relationships

Juvenile Delinquency Bullying

Adolescent Dating Violence

Definition of Dating Violence (DV) Prevalence of Dating Violence Risk Factors for Dating Violence Consequences of Dating Violence Adolescents’ Responses to Dating Violence Helpseeking Among Teen Dating Violence Victims Characteristics of Adolescents Who Are Violent in Intimate Relationships Explaining Dating Violence Legal Issues for Victims of Psychological/Physical Dating Violence

Dating/Intimate Sexual Assault

Prevalence Consequences of Dating Sexual Abuse Explaining Sexual Abuse From Peers Legal Issues Concerning Dating Sexual Abuse

Same-Sex Assaults Among Adolescents

Same-Sex Adolescent Development Prejudice/Victimization of GLBT Youth Medical Screening

Practice, Policy, and Prevention for Dating Violence

Practice Policy Prevention of Dating Violence and Sibling Abuse Section Summary

Revictimization Discussion Questions

7. Dating Aggression, Sexual Assault, and Stalking: Primarily Unmarried, College-Age Individuals

Factors in Prevalence Estimates of Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking Dating Violence

Defining Dating Violence Mutual/Reciprocal Dating Violence Prevalence Estimates of Dating Violence Consequences of Dating Violence Explaining Dating Violence Traits of Individuals Involved in Dating Violence Attitudes Toward Dating Violence Treatment of Dating Violence Policy–Dating Violence Prevention Section Summary

Sexual Assault, Sexual Coercion, and Rape

Defining Sexual Assault Prevalence Estimates of Sexual Assault Women’s Responses to Sexual Victimization Criminal Justice System Responses Attitudes Toward Sexual Assault Traits of Individuals Involved in Unwanted Sexual Behaviors Consequences of Sexual Assault Medical Responses to Sexual Assault Explaining Sexual Assault Treatment of Sexual Assault Policy—Sexual Aggression Prevention of Sexual Assault Section Summary

Stalking

Defining Stalking Prevalence Estimates of Stalking Miscellaneous Findings Consequences of Stalking Traits of Individuals Involved in Stalking Victims’ Responses to Stalking Explaining Stalking Practice, Policy, and Prevention of Stalking Section Summary

Same-Sex Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking Cross-Cultural Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking Ethnic Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking

NCVS Racial/Mitocrity Prevalence Rates of Nonlethal Assaults Asian/Latinas—Dating Violence Ethnic Comparisons—Dating Violence/Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Stalking Counseling Services

Alcohol/Drug Consumption Associated With Dating Violence and Sexual Assault

Resistance Strategies Alcohol-Related Treatment

Discussion Questions Note

8. Abused Heterosexual Partners: Primarily Women

Blaming Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

Blaming by Partner Blaming by Society Blaming by Professionals Blaming Oneself Attitudes of Faith Community Leaders Section Summary

Consequences of Violence and Victimization

Fear Stress, Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Cumulative Stress Health Problems Coping With Violence The Hostage Syndrome, Traumatic Bonding, and Attachment Learned Helplessness Versus Survivor Theory Perceived Control Psychological/Brain Disorder Effects of Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence Section Summary

Employment

Male-to-Female IPV and Barriers to Employment Welfare Assistance Dilemmas Section Summary

Criminal Justice System Responses to Intimate Partner Violence

Legal Issues Arrest Policies Law Enforcement/Victim Interactions Criminal Justice System Processing Prosecution of MFIPV Perpetrators Judicial Behavior and Decision Making Section Summary

Effects of MFIPV on Battered Women’s Lives and Their Leave/Stay Decisions

Leave/Stay Decision-Making Process Do Battered Women Stay? Dangers of Leaving an Abusive Partner Ecotocmic Dependence and Its Diffuse Impact Society’s Inadequate Support for Battered Women Responses by Faith Communities Welfare Failures and Leave/Stay Decisions Shelters and Transitional Supportive Housing and Leaving Emotional Factors in Leave/Stay Decisions Section Summary

Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence (FMIPV): How Much of a Problem?

Cluster Analysis of Male and Female IPV-Involved Individuals

Discussion Questions Notes

9. Abusive Heterosexual Partners: Primarily Men

Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence (MFIPV)

Sociodemographic Characteristics of Batterers

Definitions of Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse

Comprehensive Government-Crafted Definitions Defining MFIPV Through Factor Analysis Patterns of IPV

Estimates of Intimate Partner Violence

Homicides/Suicides/Familicides Sexual Assault Psychological/Emotional Abuse of Intimate Partners Nonlethal Assault Estimates Section Summary

Attitudes and Classifications of Batterers

Society’s Attitudes Toward Batterers Batterers’ Attributions for Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence Johnson’s Violent Couple Categories

Individual Differences (Traits) Between Batterers and Others

Denial and Minimization Anger, Hostility, and Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) Depression, Self-Esteem, Shame, Guilt, and Humiliation Lack of Awareness/Automaticity Empathy Attachment Difficulties and Emotional Dependence Jealousy Marital Dissatisfaction/Satisfaction Section Summary

Becoming and Remaining a Batterer: Causes of MFIPV

Socialization Verbal Skills/Communication Alcohol/Drug Abuse and Battering Stress, Emotions, Mood States, Trauma, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Biology and Genetics Personality Disorders Similarities and Differences Between Partner-Violent-Only Men and Other Violent Men Typologies of Male (MFIPV) Perpetrators Section Summary

Female-to-Male Intimate Partner Abuse (FMIPV)

Self-Defensive Female Violence (Violent Resistance, VR) Motives for FMIPV Correlates of Female-to-Male IPV Battered Women Who Kill Section Summary

Discussion Questions

10. Abused and Abusive Partners in Understudied Populations: Cross-Cultural, Immigrant/Ethnic/Racial, Rural, Same-Sex, and Military Groups

Cross-Cultural Intimate Partner Violence

Africa Asia Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan Middle East Europe Russia Latin America North America Section Summary

Immigrant and Ethnic/Racial Intimate Partner Violence

Immigrants Ethnic/Racial Mitocrities Laws Affecting Immigrant Women Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Racial/Ethnic Groups Distinctive Features of Immigrants and Mitocrity Intimate Partner Violence Disclosure Patterns Trait Comparisons Immigrant and Ethnic Batterers Motives for Intimate Partner Violence Differences in Attitudes Toward the Criminal Justice System Consequences of Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence Social Support Differences in Leave/Stay Decisions Section Summary

Rural Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence

Law Enforcement Male-to-Female Intimate Partner Violence Sociodemographic Comparisons Help-Seeking and Services Available Section Summary

Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence (SSIPV)

Estimating the Prevalence/Incidence of Same-Sex IPV Partner Violence Individual Differences (Traits) of Homosexuals Consequences of Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence Section Summary

The Military and Intimate Partner Violence

Section Summary

Discussion Questions

11. Adult Intimate Partner Violence: Practice, Policy, and Prevention

Abused Partners: Practice, Policy, and Prevention—Primarily Women

National Domestic Violence Hotline: 1–800–799-SAFE Agency Practices Social Support Psychotherapists’ Practices General Counseling Topics for Battered Women Policy Prevention Strategies Research Needs Section Summary

Abusive Adult Partners: Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues

Practice General Targets of Batterer Counseling Policy Prevention Section Summary

Treatment for Female-to-Male Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators Cross-Cultural Practice, Policy, and Prevention

Practice Policy

Practice, Policy, and Prevention Among Immigrant/Ethnic/Racial Groups

Practice Policy Prevention

Practice, Policy, and Prevention Among Rural Battered Women

Practice Policy Prevention

Practice, Policy, and Prevention for Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence

Practice Policy Prevention

Practice, Policy, and Prevention in the Military

Practice Policy Prevention

Discussion Questions

12. Abuse of Elderly and Disabled Persons

Introduction Scope of the Problem

Defining Elder Abuse Examples of Specific Abuses Attitudes Toward Abuse of Elderly Persons

Prevalence of Elder/Adult Abuse

Prevalence of Abuse in Rhode Island Prevalence of Elder Abuse in Two National Random Samples of Elders Prevalence of Elder Abuse Reported to State APSs: Abuse of Adults 60+ Years of Age Types of Injuries and Estimates

Consequences of Elder Abuse

Health Consequences Reactions of Professional Practitioners Section Summary

Searching for Patterns: Who Is Abused and Who Are the Abusers?

Characteristics of Abused Elders Characteristics of Elder Abusers

Explaining Abuse of Elderly Persons

Social Learning Theory Social Exchange Theory Stress and Dependency Theories Abuse by the severely mentally ill (SMI) Revictimization studies Section Summary

Practice, Policy, and Prevention Issues Practice Issues for Treating Elder Abuse

Social Services (APS) Responses to Elder Abuse Policy Issues for Combating Elder Abuse Community Involvement Prevention Social Support/Social Connectedness Section Summary

Same-Sex Elder Abuse: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Elders Cross-Cultural Elder Abuse

Prevalence of Cross-Cultural Elder Abuse Asian Countries Israel Spain United Kingdom

Ethnic Elder Abuse

African Americans American Indians Chinese Americans Korean Americans Cultural Competence

Abuse of Disabled Persons

Defining Disability Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Estimates of Abuse of Disabled Persons Sexual Assault of Disabled Persons Perpetrators of Abuse of Disabled Persons Criminal Justice System Responses Characteristics of Disabled Victims and Their Abusers Disclosure of Abuse and Help-Seeking Activities Practice, Policy, and Prevention

Abuse in Nursing Homes (Long-Term Care Facilities) Discussion Questions

Abbreviations Glossary References Author Index Subject Index

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