Clinical Medicine, Lecture Notes by Bradley, John R. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Table of Contents Preface to the Eighth Edition

Acknowledgements

Preface to the First Edition Part 1: Clinical Examination

1 The medical interview

Effective consultation Special circumstances Assessment of communication skills REFERENCE

2 General examination

Introduction Hands Face Neck Axillae Breasts (Fig. 2.1) Legs Notes

3 Cardiovascular system

Introduction General inspection Blood pressure Hands Arterial pulses Jugular venous pressure and pulse (Table 3.2; Fig. 3.1) Heart Complete the examination Notes

4 Respiratory system

History Examination Notes Investigation of the respiratory system Blood gases Interpretation of blood gases Pulmonary function tests

5 The abdomen

Examination of the abdomen Notes Palpable kidneys Mass in right subcostal region Suprapubic mass Ascites Dysphagia Diarrhoea Jaundice Congenital non'haemolytic hyperbilirubinaemias Renal disease

6 Neurological system

History Examination of the nervous system Mental state and higher cerebral function Speech disorders Cranial nerves Hearing and vestibular function (8th nerve) The limbs Notes Patterns of motor loss in the limbs Patterns of sensory loss in the limbs Abnormalities of coordination Abnormal gait Tremors

7 Endocrinology and metabolism

History Examination Hands Arterial pulse Blood pressure Skin Face Eyes Neck Breasts External genitalia Legs Notes

8 Musculoskeletal system

History Examination Notes

9 Assessment

Standard setting Assessment of clinical competence

Part 2: Clinical Medicine

10 Cardiovascular disease

Ischaemic heart disease Myocardial infarction Arrhythmias Cardiorespiratory arrest Cardiovascular disorders and driving Heart failure Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death Hypertension Severe hypertension Hypertension in relation to other conditions Valvular heart disease Congenital heart disease Atrial septal defect (ASD) Patent ductus arteriosus Ventricular septal defect Fallot’s tetralogy Coarctation of the aorta Eisenmenger syndrome Infective endocarditis Constrictive pericarditis Acute pericarditis Syphilitic aortitis and carditis Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy Restrictive cardiomyopathy Peripheral arterial disease Intermittent claudication Acute obstruction Ischaemic foot Raynaud’s phenomenon REFERENCE

11 Respiratory disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Asthma Respiratory failure Acute on chronic respiratory failure Acute anaphylaxis Pneumonia Lung abscess Bronchiectasis Pneumothorax Cystic fibrosis Lung cancer Bronchial adenoma Sarcoidosis Tuberculosis Occupational lung diseases Obstructive sleep apnoea Pulmonary embolism Hyperventilation syndrome Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Adult respiratory distress syndrome

12 Gastroenterology

Gastric and duodenal ulceration Gastric carcinoma Hiatus hernia and gastro‐oesophageal reflux Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease) Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease Intestinal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease Endocrine tumours of the gut Endocrine tumours of the pancreas Gastrointestinal haemorrhage Steatorrhoea and malabsorption Diverticular disease Irritable bowel syndrome Ischaemic colitis Pancreas Gall bladder

13 Liver disease

Acute hepatitis Viral hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis Chronic liver disease Non alcoholic fatty liver disease Cirrhosis Hepatocellular failure Portal hypertension Budd–Chiari syndrome Rare cirrhoses Drug jaundice

14 Renal disease

Urinary tract infection Stones Chronic interstitial nephritis Reflux nephropathy Proteinuria Nephrotic syndrome Haematuria Acute kidney injury Chronic kidney disease Glomerulonephritis IgA‐Nephropathy Henoch‐Schönlein purpura Membranous nephropathy Membranoproliferative (mesangiocapillary) glomerulonephritis Minimal‐change nephropathy Focal glomerulosclerosis Systemic vasculitis Renal lesion Antiglomerular basement membrane disease (Goodpasture’s disease) Systemic lupus erythematosus Post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis Fluid and electrolytes Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Hypercalcaemia Hypocalcaemia Hypomagnesaemia Hyperphosphataemia Hypophosphataemia Uric acid

15 Neurology

Headache Primary headache syndromes Secondary causes of headache Neuralgias Epilepsy Stroke Venous infarction Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) Extracerebral haemorrhage Dementia Motor neurone disease Parkinson’s disease and other extrapyramidal disorders Disorders of the spinal cord (Table 15.6) Peripheral nerve disorders Disorders of the neuromuscular junction Disorders of muscles Neurological infections Head injury and the Glasgow Coma Scale

16 Endocrine disorders

Thyroid Pituitary Adrenal

17 Metabolic disorders

Diabetes mellitus Diabetic emergencies Long‐term diabetic complications Other complications Diabetes and pregnancy Other important information for patients with diabetes Dyslipidaemia Obesity Under(mal)nutrition Vitamin deficiencies Enteral feeding Parenteral nutrition Anorexia nervosa Porphyria Metabolic bone disease Hypercalcaemia Hyperparathyroidism Hypocalcaemia Hypoparathyroidism

18 Rheumatology

Osteoarthritis (OA) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) The spondyloarthropathies (SpA) Autoimmune rheumatic disorders (connective tissue diseases) Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies Vasculitides Large‐vessel vasculitis Takayasu’s arteritis (‘pulseless disease’) Medium‐sized vessel vasculitis Small‐vessel vasculitides Non‐AAV small‐vessel vasculitides Other vasculitides Crystal arthropathies Miscellaneous inflammatory rheumatological disorders Miscellaneous non‐inflammatory rheumatological disorders

19 Dermatology

Psoriasis Eczema/dermatitis Acne vulgaris Rosacea Hidradenitis suppurativa Bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic skin infections Cutaneous drug reactions Skin manifestations of systemic disease Bullous disorders Benign and malignant skin tumours Miscellaneous skin conditions Disorders of the hair and nails

20 Haematology

Peripheral blood film features (Fig. 20.1) Reticulocytes Normocytic anaemia Microcytic anaemia Macrocytic anaemia Pancytopenia Marrow suppression Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Anaemia Haemolytic anaemia (Table 20.3) Marrow disorders Bleeding disorders Leukaemia Lymphoma Myeloma

21 Infectious diseases

Imported diseases Septicaemia Influenza Human immunodeficiency virus infection Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) Tuberculosis Chronic fatigue syndrome

22 Toxicology

Clinical presentation Management Carbon monoxide poisoning

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