Motor Learning in Practice by Savelsbergh, Geert J.P., Davids, Keith, Renshaw, Ian -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Contents Contributors Preface

Structure and organization Target audience

Part I

1 The constraints-based approach to motor learning

Introduction The theoretical basis of a constraints-led approach Constraints and movement co-ordination Information constraints on action Learning design and informational constraints on action: implications for a non-linear pedagogy Designing learning environments for emergent decision-making in practice Learning design for decision-making in rugby union Conclusion References

2 Instructions as constraints in motor skill acquisition

Instructions as constraints in motor skill acquisition Constraints on movement in physical activity Instructions as a constraint The information in instructions Categories of information in instructions

Information about task outcome Information about movement pattern

A framework for creating qualitative changes in co-ordination

Order parameters Control parameters

Presenting instructions

Providing an appropriate “concept” Focus of attention

Concluding comments Acknowledgement References

3 Building the foundations

Introduction: why we need to base childrens’ sport and physical education on the principles of dynamical systems theory and ecological psychology Focus on the individual Changes in intrinsic dynamics and affordances Individualising coaching in a group environment Cultural environmental constraints

Early days: why childrens’ sports experiences should be multidimensional to develop expertise

Manipulating task constraints to create effective learning environments for young children Developing technique using non-linear pedagogy Conclusion References

Part II

4 Perceptual training for basketball shooting

Introduction Basketball shooting styles Visual control in basketball jump shooting Perceptual training for high-style shooters References

5 Saving penalties, scoring penalties

Introducing the penalty kick The goalkeeper: perceiving the penalty taker’s intentions Training perceptual anticipation in goalkeepers The penalty kicker: ignoring the goalkeeper’s actions Back to the goalkeepers: how to implicitly influence the penalty taker Rules of thumb for scoring and saving a penalty kick Note References

6 Stochastic perturbations in athletics field events enhance skill acquisition

Introduction The basis of the differential training approach A (track and) field study

Training content of the traditional training group Training content for the differential training group

Research outcomes Conclusions References

7 Interacting constraints and inter-limb co-ordination in swimming

Introduction Overview: the constraints-led approach in swimming

Environmental constraints

Front crawl Breaststroke

Task constraints Organismic constraints

Front crawl Breaststroke

Training and teaching using the constraints-led approach in swimming

Manipulating task constraints Using instructions to shape new response dynamics

Conclusion Note Acknowledgements References

8 The changing face of practice for developing perception

Introduction Research on the use of bowling machines Perceptual skill in cricket: current thinking The changing face of practice: evidence for the use of video-based practice Results Implications References

9 The “nurdle to leg” and other ways of winning cricket matches

Introduction Representative practice and coupling action to perception Affordances for action Stability to instability and back again: from no runs to run- outs to runs Rate limiters for running singles Practice tasks to solve rate limiters

Technical skills

Activity 1: Scoring singles Activity 2: Changing the pace of shots Activity 3: Games

Perceptual skills Mental skills

Summary References

10 Manipulating tasks constraints to improve tactical knowledge and collective decision-making in rugby union

Introduction Suggestions for a dynamical systems approach to training Manipulating constraints to teach principles of play in rugby union Manipulating constraints to develop tactical skills: an example using a four-player sub-unit Manipulating constraints to learn and develop technical skills: an example of passing and kicking References

11 The ecological dynamics of decision-making in sailing

Introduction Decision-making in sailing Expertise effects on dynamic decision-making in sailing

1 Exploration: manipulating degrees of freedom 2 Discovering solutions and stabilizing them 3 Exploiting degrees of freedom

Training the regatta start Conclusions References

12 Using constraints to enhance decision-making in team sports

Introduction The importance of maintaining representative task constraints The benefits of open training drills to maintain representative task constraints A constraints-led approach for developing decision-making in AFL References

13 Skill development in canoeing and kayaking

Introduction The traditional introductory session The constraints-based approach in practice Summary References

14 A constraints-led approach to coaching association football

Introduction Perceptual skill in football Visual search strategies of association football players Co-ordination in football References

15 Identifying constraints on children with movement difficulties

Introduction Functional coupling of perception and movement: the role of constraints Emergent behaviour under constraints in children with movement difficulties Upper arm movements in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy Constraint-based approach in practice Implications of research for a non-linear pedagogy References

16 Augmenting golf practice through the manipulation of physical and informational constraints

Introduction The Explanar® Golf Training System

What the literature says about the Explanar® Golf Training System Is the Explanar® Golf Training System an effective coaching and practice tool?

Video feedback technology

What the literature says about video feedback in golf teaching and coaching A word of caution on the use of video feedback

Conclusion Notes References

17 Skill acquisition in dynamic ball sports

Introduction External control of action Skill dependencies Action-effects Action-percepts Practical implications

Action-effects Action-percepts

References

18 A constraints-based training intervention in boxing

Introduction Constraints-based research on boxing diversity and punching frequency Note References

19 Researching co-ordination skill

Co-ordination skills Intrinsic constraints Extrinsic constraints Practice organization Skill presentation Feedback Summary References

20 Skill acquisition in tennis

Introduction Court and ball constraints A constraints-based approach to tennis skill acquisition References

Index

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