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Index
Coverpage
Tinnitus Retraining Therapy
Title page
Copyright page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Definitions of tinnitus
1.2 Categories of phantom auditory perception
1.3 Other phantom perceptions
1.4 Tinnitus-related neuronal activity
1.5 Processing of sounds within the brain
1.6 Tinnitus duration and epidemiology
1.7 Comments on somatosounds
1.8 Components of decreased sound tolerance
1.9 Involvement of hearing loss in tinnitus
1.10 Summary
2 The neurophysiological model of tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance
2.1 Development of the neurophysiological model of tinnitus
2.2 Mechanisms of tinnitus signal generation
2.3 Decreased sound tolerance
2.4 Relationship of tinnitus to hearing loss
2.5 Phantom perception
2.6 Natural habituation
2.7 The process by which tinnitus becomes a problem
2.8 The components of the neurophysiological model
2.9 The mechanism of tinnitus habituation and the neurophysiological basis for tinnitus retraining therapy
2.10 A clinical approach to induce habituation of tinnitus
2.11 Summary of the model
3 Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT): clinical implementation of the model
3.1 Outline of tinnitus retraining therapy
3.2 Initial visit and evaluation
3.3 Diagnosis and patient categories
3.4 Counseling (retraining) sessions: common features
3.5 Sound therapy: common features
3.6 Specific modifications for individual treatment categories
3.7 Follow-up and closure of treatment
3.8 Minimal requirements necessary to perform TRT
4 Evaluation of treatment outcome and results
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methods of data collection
4.3 Criteria for improvement with respect to the neurophysiological model
4.4 Technical aspects of measurement
4.5 Specific criteria for scoring the significance of individual improvement
4.6 Placebo effect and spontaneous recovery
4.7 Effectiveness of tinnitus retraining therapy
4.8 Why we believe our data are valid
4.9 Conclusions
5 Prevention
5.1 Avoidance of silence
5.2 Provision of sound enrichment
5.3 Avoidance of excessive noise
5.4 Avoidance of negative counseling
5.5 Emergency help line
5.6 Identification of subjects with a predisposition to tinnitus
5.7 Basic principles of prevention
6 Critical overview of selected tinnitus treatments
6.1 Medications
6.2 Surgical approaches for neurotological problems
6.3 Treatment of medical conditions associated with tinnitus and hyperacusis
6.4 Masking
6.5 Hearing aids
6.6 Psychological treatments
6.7 Electrical stimulation
6.8 Alternative therapies
6.9 Conclusions
7 General conclusions and future directions
Appendix 1: interview forms
Appendix 2: representative examples used in counseling
Glossary and list of abbreviations
References
Index
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