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Index
Perl Cookbook, 2nd Edition
SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with O’Reilly
A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
Foreword
Preface
What's in This Book
What's New in This Edition
Platform Notes
Other Books
Conventions Used in This Book
Programming Conventions
Typesetting Conventions
Documentation Conventions
We'd Like to Hear from You
Acknowledgments for the First Edition
Tom
Nat
Acknowledgments for the Second Edition
Tom
Nat
1. Strings
Introduction
The Universal Character Code
Unicode Support in Perl
1.1. Accessing Substrings
1.1.1. Problem
1.1.2. Solution
1.1.3. Discussion
1.1.4. See Also
1.2. Establishing a Default Value
1.2.1. Problem
1.2.2. Solution
1.2.3. Discussion
1.2.4. See Also
1.3. Exchanging Values Without Using Temporary Variables
1.3.1. Problem
1.3.2. Solution
1.3.3. Discussion
1.3.4. See Also
1.4. Converting Between Characters and Values
1.4.1. Problem
1.4.2. Solution
1.4.3. Discussion
1.4.4. See Also
1.5. Using Named Unicode Characters
1.5.1. Problem
1.5.2. Solution
1.5.3. Discussion
1.5.4. See Also
1.6. Processing a String One Character at a Time
1.6.1. Problem
1.6.2. Solution
1.6.3. Discussion
1.6.4. See Also
1.7. Reversing a String by Word or Character
1.7.1. Problem
1.7.2. Solution
1.7.3. Discussion
1.7.4. See Also
1.8. Treating Unicode Combined Characters as Single Characters
1.8.1. Problem
1.8.2. Solution
1.8.3. Discussion
1.8.4. See Also
1.9. Canonicalizing Strings with Unicode Combined Characters
1.9.1. Problem
1.9.2. Solution
1.9.3. Discussion
1.9.4. See Also
1.10. Treating a Unicode String as Octets
1.10.1. Problem
1.10.2. Solution
1.10.3. Discussion
1.10.4. See Also
1.11. Expanding and Compressing Tabs
1.11.1. Problem
1.11.2. Solution
1.11.3. Discussion
1.11.4. See Also
1.12. Expanding Variables in User Input
1.12.1. Problem
1.12.2. Solution
1.12.3. Discussion
1.12.4. See Also
1.13. Controlling Case
1.13.1. Problem
1.13.2. Solution
1.13.3. Discussion
1.13.4. See Also
1.14. Properly Capitalizing a Title or Headline
1.14.1. Problem
1.14.2. Solution
1.14.3. Discussion
1.14.4. See Also
1.15. Interpolating Functions and Expressions Within Strings
1.15.1. Problem
1.15.2. Solution
1.15.3. Discussion
1.15.4. See Also
1.16. Indenting Here Documents
1.16.1. Problem
1.16.2. Solution
1.16.3. Discussion
1.16.4. See Also
1.17. Reformatting Paragraphs
1.17.1. Problem
1.17.2. Solution
1.17.3. Discussion
1.17.4. See Also
1.18. Escaping Characters
1.18.1. Problem
1.18.2. Solution
1.18.3. Discussion
1.18.4. See Also
1.19. Trimming Blanks from the Ends of a String
1.19.1. Problem
1.19.2. Solution
1.19.3. Discussion
1.19.4. See Also
1.20. Parsing Comma-Separated Data
1.20.1. Problem
1.20.2. Solution
1.20.3. Discussion
1.20.4. See Also
1.21. Constant Variables
1.21.1. Problem
1.21.2. Solution
1.21.3. Discussion
1.21.4. See Also
1.22. Soundex Matching
1.22.1. Problem
1.22.2. Solution
1.22.3. Discussion
1.22.4. See Also
1.23. Program: fixstyle
1.24. Program: psgrep
2. Numbers
Introduction
2.1. Checking Whether a String Is a Valid Number
2.1.1. Problem
2.1.2. Solution
2.1.3. Discussion
2.1.4. See Also
2.2. Rounding Floating-Point Numbers
2.2.1. Problem
2.2.2. Solution
2.2.3. Discussion
2.2.4. See Also
2.3. Comparing Floating-Point Numbers
2.3.1. Problem
2.3.2. Solution
2.3.3. Discussion
2.3.4. See Also
2.4. Operating on a Series of Integers
2.4.1. Problem
2.4.2. Solution
2.4.3. Discussion
2.4.4. See Also
2.5. Working with Roman Numerals
2.5.1. Problem
2.5.2. Solution
2.5.3. Discussion
2.5.4. See Also
2.6. Generating Random Numbers
2.6.1. Problem
2.6.2. Solution
2.6.3. Discussion
2.6.4. See Also
2.7. Generating Repeatable Random Number Sequences
2.7.1. Problem
2.7.2. Solution
2.7.3. Discussion
2.7.4. See Also
2.8. Making Numbers Even More Random
2.8.1. Problem
2.8.2. Solution
2.8.3. Discussion
2.8.4. See Also
2.9. Generating Biased Random Numbers
2.9.1. Problem
2.9.2. Solution
2.9.3. Discussion
2.9.4. See Also
2.10. Doing Trigonometry in Degrees, Not Radians
2.10.1. Problem
2.10.2. Solution
2.10.3. Discussion
2.10.4. See Also
2.11. Calculating More Trigonometric Functions
2.11.1. Problem
2.11.2. Solution
2.11.3. Discussion
2.11.4. See Also
2.12. Taking Logarithms
2.12.1. Problem
2.12.2. Solution
2.12.3. Discussion
2.12.4. See Also
2.13. Multiplying Matrices
2.13.1. Problem
2.13.2. Solution
2.13.3. Discussion
2.13.4. See Also
2.14. Using Complex Numbers
2.14.1. Problem
2.14.2. Solution
2.14.3. Discussion
2.14.4. See Also
2.15. Converting Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal Numbers
2.15.1. Problem
2.15.2. Solution
2.15.3. Discussion
2.15.4. See Also
2.16. Putting Commas in Numbers
2.16.1. Problem
2.16.2. Solution
2.16.3. Discussion
2.16.4. See Also
2.17. Printing Correct Plurals
2.17.1. Problem
2.17.2. Solution
2.17.3. Discussion
2.17.4. See Also
2.18. Program: Calculating Prime Factors
3. Dates and Times
Introduction
3.1. Finding Today's Date
3.1.1. Problem
3.1.2. Solution
3.1.3. Discussion
3.1.4. See Also
3.2. Converting DMYHMS to Epoch Seconds
3.2.1. Problem
3.2.2. Solution
3.2.3. Discussion
3.2.4. See Also
3.3. Converting Epoch Seconds to DMYHMS
3.3.1. Problem
3.3.2. Solution
3.3.3. Discussion
3.3.4. See Also
3.4. Adding to or Subtracting from a Date
3.4.1. Problem
3.4.2. Solution
3.4.3. Discussion
3.4.4. See Also
3.5. Difference of Two Dates
3.5.1. Problem
3.5.2. Solution
3.5.3. Discussion
3.5.4. See Also
3.6. Day in a Week/Month/Year or Week Number
3.6.1. Problem
3.6.2. Solution
3.6.3. Discussion
3.6.4. See Also
3.7. Parsing Dates and Times from Strings
3.7.1. Problem
3.7.2. Solution
3.7.3. Discussion
3.7.4. See Also
3.8. Printing a Date
3.8.1. Problem
3.8.2. Solution
3.8.3. Discussion
3.8.4. See Also
3.9. High-Resolution Timers
3.9.1. Problem
3.9.2. Solution
3.9.3. Discussion
3.9.4. See Also
3.10. Short Sleeps
3.10.1. Problem
3.10.2. Solution
3.10.3. Discussion
3.10.4. See Also
3.11. Program: hopdelta
4. Arrays
Introduction
4.1. Specifying a List in Your Program
4.1.1. Problem
4.1.2. Solution
4.1.3. Discussion
4.1.4. See Also
4.2. Printing a List with Commas
4.2.1. Problem
4.2.2. Solution
4.2.3. Discussion
4.2.4. See Also
4.3. Changing Array Size
4.3.1. Problem
4.3.2. Solution
4.3.3. Discussion
4.3.4. See Also
4.4. Implementing a Sparse Array
4.4.1. Problem
4.4.2. Solution
4.4.3. Discussion
4.4.4. See Also
4.5. Iterating Over an Array
4.5.1. Problem
4.5.2. Solution
4.5.3. Discussion
4.5.4. See Also
4.6. Iterating Over an Array by Reference
4.6.1. Problem
4.6.2. Solution
4.6.3. Discussion
4.6.4. See Also
4.7. Extracting Unique Elements from a List
4.7.1. Problem
4.7.2. Solution
4.7.2.1. Straightforward
4.7.2.2. Faster
4.7.2.3. Similar but with user function
4.7.2.4. Faster but different
4.7.2.5. Faster and even more different
4.7.3. Discussion
4.7.4. See Also
4.8. Finding Elements in One Array but Not Another
4.8.1. Problem
4.8.2. Solution
4.8.2.1. Straightforward implementation
4.8.2.2. More idiomatic version
4.8.2.3. Loopless version
4.8.3. Discussion
4.8.4. See Also
4.9. Computing Union, Intersection, or Difference of Unique Lists
4.9.1. Problem
4.9.2. Solution
4.9.2.1. Simple solution for union and intersection
4.9.2.2. More idiomatic version
4.9.2.3. Union, intersection, and symmetric difference
4.9.2.4. Indirect solution
4.9.3. Discussion
4.9.4. See Also
4.10. Appending One Array to Another
4.10.1. Problem
4.10.2. Solution
4.10.3. Discussion
4.10.4. See Also
4.11. Reversing an Array
4.11.1. Problem
4.11.2. Solution
4.11.3. Discussion
4.11.4. See Also
4.12. Processing Multiple Elements of an Array
4.12.1. Problem
4.12.2. Solution
4.12.3. Discussion
4.12.4. See Also
4.13. Finding the First List Element That Passes a Test
4.13.1. Problem
4.13.2. Solution
4.13.3. Discussion
4.13.4. See Also
4.14. Finding All Elements in an Array Matching Certain Criteria
4.14.1. Problem
4.14.2. Solution
4.14.3. Discussion
4.14.4. See Also
4.15. Sorting an Array Numerically
4.15.1. Problem
4.15.2. Solution
4.15.3. Discussion
4.15.4. See Also
4.16. Sorting a List by Computable Field
4.16.1. Problem
4.16.2. Solution
4.16.3. Discussion
4.16.4. See Also
4.17. Implementing a Circular List
4.17.1. Problem
4.17.2. Solution
4.17.3. Procedure
4.17.4. Discussion
4.17.5. See Also
4.18. Randomizing an Array
4.18.1. Problem
4.18.2. Solution
4.18.3. Discussion
4.18.4. See Also
4.19. Program: words
4.19.1. See Also
4.20. Program: permute
4.20.1. See Also
5. Hashes
Introduction
See Also
5.1. Adding an Element to a Hash
5.1.1. Problem
5.1.2. Solution
5.1.3. Discussion
5.1.4. See Also
5.2. Testing for the Presence of a Key in a Hash
5.2.1. Problem
5.2.2. Solution
5.2.3. Discussion
5.2.4. See Also
5.3. Creating a Hash with Immutable Keys or Values
5.3.1. Problem
5.3.2. Solution
5.3.3. Discussion
5.3.4. See Also
5.4. Deleting from a Hash
5.4.1. Problem
5.4.2. Solution
5.4.3. Discussion
5.4.4. See Also
5.5. Traversing a Hash
5.5.1. Problem
5.5.2. Solution
5.5.3. Discussion
5.5.4. See Also
5.6. Printing a Hash
5.6.1. Problem
5.6.2. Solution
5.6.3. Discussion
5.6.4. See Also
5.7. Retrieving from a Hash in Insertion Order
5.7.1. Problem
5.7.2. Solution
5.7.3. Discussion
5.7.4. See Also
5.8. Hashes with Multiple Values per Key
5.8.1. Problem
5.8.2. Solution
5.8.3. Discussion
5.8.4. See Also
5.9. Inverting a Hash
5.9.1. Problem
5.9.2. Solution
5.9.3. Discussion
5.9.4. See Also
5.10. Sorting a Hash
5.10.1. Problem
5.10.2. Solution
5.10.3. Discussion
5.10.4. See Also
5.11. Merging Hashes
5.11.1. Problem
5.11.2. Solution
5.11.3. Discussion
5.11.4. See Also
5.12. Finding Common or Different Keys in Two Hashes
5.12.1. Problem
5.12.2. Solution
5.12.2.1. Find common keys
5.12.2.2. Find keys from one hash that aren't in both
5.12.3. Discussion
5.12.4. See Also
5.13. Hashing References
5.13.1. Problem
5.13.2. Solution
5.13.3. Discussion
5.13.4. See Also
5.14. Presizing a Hash
5.14.1. Problem
5.14.2. Solution
5.14.3. Discussion
5.14.4. See Also
5.15. Finding the Most Common Anything
5.15.1. Problem
5.15.2. Solution
5.15.3. Discussion
5.15.4. See Also
5.16. Representing Relationships Between Data
5.16.1. Problem
5.16.2. Solution
5.16.3. Discussion
5.16.4. See Also
5.17. Program: dutree
6. Pattern Matching
Introduction
The Tricky Bits
Pattern-Matching Modifiers
Special Variables
6.1. Copying and Substituting Simultaneously
6.1.1. Problem
6.1.2. Solution
6.1.3. Discussion
6.1.4. See Also
6.2. Matching Letters
6.2.1. Problem
6.2.2. Solution
6.2.3. Discussion
6.2.4. See Also
6.3. Matching Words
6.3.1. Problem
6.3.2. Solution
6.3.3. Discussion
6.3.4. See Also
6.4. Commenting Regular Expressions
6.4.1. Problem
6.4.2. Solution
6.4.3. Discussion
6.4.4. See Also
6.5. Finding the Nth Occurrence of a Match
6.5.1. Problem
6.5.2. Solution
6.5.3. Discussion
6.5.4. See Also
6.6. Matching Within Multiple Lines
6.6.1. Problem
6.6.2. Solution
6.6.3. Discussion
6.6.4. See Also
6.7. Reading Records with a Separator
6.7.1. Problem
6.7.2. Solution
6.7.3. Discussion
6.7.4. See Also
6.8. Extracting a Range of Lines
6.8.1. Problem
6.8.2. Solution
6.8.3. Discussion
6.8.4. See Also
6.9. Matching Shell Globs as Regular Expressions
6.9.1. Problem
6.9.2. Solution
6.9.3. Discussion
6.9.4. See Also
6.10. Speeding Up Interpolated Matches
6.10.1. Problem
6.10.2. Solution
6.10.3. Discussion
6.10.4. See Also
6.11. Testing for a Valid Pattern
6.11.1. Problem
6.11.2. Solution
6.11.3. Discussion
6.11.4. See Also
6.12. Honoring Locale Settings in Regular Expressions
6.12.1. Problem
6.12.2. Solution
6.12.3. Discussion
6.12.4. See Also
6.13. Approximate Matching
6.13.1. Problem
6.13.2. Solution
6.13.3. Discussion
6.13.4. See Also
6.14. Matching from Where the Last Pattern Left Off
6.14.1. Problem
6.14.2. Solution
6.14.3. Discussion
6.14.4. See Also
6.15. Greedy and Non-Greedy Matches
6.15.1. Problem
6.15.2. Solution
6.15.3. Discussion
6.15.4. See Also
6.16. Detecting Doubled Words
6.16.1. Problem
6.16.2. Solution
6.16.3. Discussion
6.16.4. See Also
6.17. Matching Nested Patterns
6.17.1. Problem
6.17.2. Solution
6.17.3. Discussion
6.17.4. See Also
6.18. Expressing AND, OR, and NOT in a Single Pattern
6.18.1. Problem
6.18.2. Solution
6.18.3. Discussion
6.18.4. See Also
6.19. Matching a Valid Mail Address
6.19.1. Problem
6.19.2. Solution
6.19.3. Discussion
6.19.4. See Also
6.20. Matching Abbreviations
6.20.1. Problem
6.20.2. Solution
6.20.3. Discussion
6.20.4. See Also
6.21. Program: urlify
6.22. Program: tcgrep
6.23. Regular Expression Grab Bag
7. File Access
Introduction
Getting a Handle on the File
Standard Filehandles
I/O Operations
7.1. Opening a File
7.1.1. Problem
7.1.2. Solution
7.1.3. Discussion
7.1.4. See Also
7.2. Opening Files with Unusual Filenames
7.2.1. Problem
7.2.2. Solution
7.2.3. Discussion
7.2.4. See Also
7.3. Expanding Tildes in Filenames
7.3.1. Problem
7.3.2. Solution
7.3.3. Discussion
7.3.4. See Also
7.4. Making Perl Report Filenames in Error Messages
7.4.1. Problem
7.4.2. Solution
7.4.3. Discussion
7.4.4. See Also
7.5. Storing Filehandles into Variables
7.5.1. Problem
7.5.2. Solution
7.5.3. Discussion
7.5.4. See Also
7.6. Writing a Subroutine That Takes Filehandles as Built-ins Do
7.6.1. Problem
7.6.2. Solution
7.6.3. Discussion
7.6.4. See Also
7.7. Caching Open Output Filehandles
7.7.1. Problem
7.7.2. Solution
7.7.3. Discussion
7.7.4. See Also
7.8. Printing to Many Filehandles Simultaneously
7.8.1. Problem
7.8.2. Solution
7.8.3. Discussion
7.8.4. See Also
7.9. Opening and Closing File Descriptors by Number
7.9.1. Problem
7.9.2. Solution
7.9.3. Discussion
7.9.4. See Also
7.10. Copying Filehandles
7.10.1. Problem
7.10.2. Solution
7.10.3. Discussion
7.10.4. See Also
7.11. Creating Temporary Files
7.11.1. Problem
7.11.2. Solution
7.11.3. Discussion
7.11.4. See Also
7.12. Storing a File Inside Your Program Text
7.12.1. Problem
7.12.2. Solution
7.12.3. Discussion
7.12.4. See Also
7.13. Storing Multiple Files in the DATA Area
7.13.1. Problem
7.13.2. Solution
7.13.3. Discussion
7.13.4. See Also
7.14. Writing a Unix-Style Filter Program
7.14.1. Problem
7.14.2. Solution
7.14.3. Discussion
7.14.3.1. Behavior
7.14.3.2. Command-line options
7.14.4. See Also
7.15. Modifying a File in Place with a Temporary File
7.15.1. Problem
7.15.2. Solution
7.15.3. Discussion
7.15.4. See Also
7.16. Modifying a File in Place with the -i Switch
7.16.1. Problem
7.16.2. Solution
7.16.3. Discussion
7.16.4. See Also
7.17. Modifying a File in Place Without a Temporary File
7.17.1. Problem
7.17.2. Solution
7.17.3. Discussion
7.17.4. See Also
7.18. Locking a File
7.18.1. Problem
7.18.2. Solution
7.18.3. Discussion
7.18.4. See Also
7.19. Flushing Output
7.19.1. Problem
7.19.2. Solution
7.19.3. Discussion
7.19.4. See Also
7.20. Doing Non-Blocking I/O
7.20.1. Problem
7.20.2. Solution
7.20.3. Discussion
7.20.4. See Also
7.21. Determining the Number of Unread Bytes
7.21.1. Problem
7.21.2. Solution
7.21.3. Discussion
7.21.4. See Also
7.22. Reading from Many Filehandles Without Blocking
7.22.1. Problem
7.22.2. Solution
7.22.3. Discussion
7.22.4. See Also
7.23. Reading an Entire Line Without Blocking
7.23.1. Problem
7.23.2. Solution
7.23.3. Discussion
7.23.4. See Also
7.24. Program: netlock
7.25. Program: lockarea
8. File Contents
Introduction
Basic Operations
Newlines
I/O Layers
Advanced Operations
8.1. Reading Lines with Continuation Characters
8.1.1. Problem
8.1.2. Solution
8.1.3. Discussion
8.1.4. See Also
8.2. Counting Lines (or Paragraphs or Records) in a File
8.2.1. Problem
8.2.2. Solution
8.2.3. Discussion
8.2.4. See Also
8.3. Processing Every Word in a File
8.3.1. Problem
8.3.2. Solution
8.3.3. Discussion
8.3.4. See Also
8.4. Reading a File Backward by Line or Paragraph
8.4.1. Problem
8.4.2. Solution
8.4.3. Discussion
8.4.4. See Also
8.5. Trailing a Growing File
8.5.1. Problem
8.5.2. Solution
8.5.3. Discussion
8.5.4. See Also
8.6. Picking a Random Line from a File
8.6.1. Problem
8.6.2. Solution
8.6.3. Discussion
8.6.4. See Also
8.7. Randomizing All Lines
8.7.1. Problem
8.7.2. Solution
8.7.3. Discussion
8.7.4. See Also
8.8. Reading a Particular Line in a File
8.8.1. Problem
8.8.2. Solution
8.8.3. Discussion
8.8.4. See Also
8.9. Processing Variable-Length Text Fields
8.9.1. Problem
8.9.2. Solution
8.9.3. Discussion
8.9.4. See Also
8.10. Removing the Last Line of a File
8.10.1. Problem
8.10.2. Solution
8.10.3. Discussion
8.10.4. See Also
8.11. Processing Binary Files
8.11.1. Problem
8.11.2. Solution
8.11.3. Discussion
8.11.4. See Also
8.12. Using Random-Access I/O
8.12.1. Problem
8.12.2. Solution
8.12.3. Discussion
8.12.4. See Also
8.13. Updating a Random-Access File
8.13.1. Problem
8.13.2. Solution
8.13.3. Discussion
8.13.4. See Also
8.14. Reading a String from a Binary File
8.14.1. Problem
8.14.2. Solution
8.14.3. Discussion
8.14.4. See Also
8.15. Reading Fixed-Length Records
8.15.1. Problem
8.15.2. Solution
8.15.3. Discussion
8.15.4. See Also
8.16. Reading Configuration Files
8.16.1. Problem
8.16.2. Solution
8.16.3. Discussion
8.16.4. See Also
8.17. Testing a File for Trustworthiness
8.17.1. Problem
8.17.2. Solution
8.17.3. Discussion
8.17.4. See Also
8.18. Treating a File as an Array
8.18.1. Problem
8.18.2. Solution
8.18.3. Discussion
8.18.4. See Also
8.19. Setting the Default I/O Layers
8.19.1. Problem
8.19.2. Solution
8.19.3. Discussion
8.19.4. See Also
8.20. Reading or Writing Unicode from a Filehandle
8.20.1. Problem
8.20.2. Solution
8.20.3. Discussion
8.20.4. See Also
8.21. Converting Microsoft Text Files into Unicode
8.21.1. Problem
8.21.2. Solution
8.21.3. Discussion
8.21.4. See Also
8.22. Comparing the Contents of Two Files
8.22.1. Problem
8.22.2. Solution
8.22.3. Discussion
8.22.4. See Also
8.23. Pretending a String Is a File
8.23.1. Problem
8.23.2. Solution
8.23.3. Discussion
8.23.4. See Also
8.24. Program: tailwtmp
8.25. Program: tctee
8.26. Program: laston
8.27. Program: Flat File Indexes
9. Directories
Introduction
Executive Summary
9.1. Getting and Setting Timestamps
9.1.1. Problem
9.1.2. Solution
9.1.3. Discussion
9.1.4. See Also
9.2. Deleting a File
9.2.1. Problem
9.2.2. Solution
9.2.3. Discussion
9.2.4. See Also
9.3. Copying or Moving a File
9.3.1. Problem
9.3.2. Solution
9.3.3. Discussion
9.3.4. See Also
9.4. Recognizing Two Names for the Same File
9.4.1. Problem
9.4.2. Solution
9.4.3. Discussion
9.4.4. See Also
9.5. Processing All Files in a Directory
9.5.1. Problem
9.5.2. Solution
9.5.3. Discussion
9.5.4. See Also
9.6. Globbing, or Getting a List of Filenames Matching a Pattern
9.6.1. Problem
9.6.2. Solution
9.6.3. Discussion
9.6.4. See Also
9.7. Processing All Files in a Directory Recursively
9.7.1. Problem
9.7.2. Solution
9.7.3. Discussion
9.7.4. See Also
9.8. Removing a Directory and Its Contents
9.8.1. Problem
9.8.2. Solution
9.8.3. Discussion
9.8.4. See Also
9.9. Renaming Files
9.9.1. Problem
9.9.2. Solution
9.9.3. Discussion
9.9.4. See Also
9.10. Splitting a Filename into Its Component Parts
9.10.1. Problem
9.10.2. Solution
9.10.3. Discussion
9.10.4. See Also
9.11. Working with Symbolic File Permissions Instead of Octal Values
9.11.1. Problem
9.11.2. Solution
9.11.3. Discussion
9.11.4. See Also
9.12. Program: symirror
9.13. Program: lst
10. Subroutines
Introduction
10.1. Accessing Subroutine Arguments
10.1.1. Problem
10.1.2. Solution
10.1.3. Discussion
10.1.4. See Also
10.2. Making Variables Private to a Function
10.2.1. Problem
10.2.2. Solution
10.2.3. Discussion
10.2.4. See Also
10.3. Creating Persistent Private Variables
10.3.1. Problem
10.3.2. Solution
10.3.3. Discussion
10.3.4. See Also
10.4. Determining Current Function Name
10.4.1. Problem
10.4.2. Solution
10.4.3. Discussion
10.4.4. See Also
10.5. Passing Arrays and Hashes by Reference
10.5.1. Problem
10.5.2. Solution
10.5.3. Discussion
10.5.4. See Also
10.6. Detecting Return Context
10.6.1. Problem
10.6.2. Solution
10.6.3. Discussion
10.6.4. See Also
10.7. Passing by Named Parameter
10.7.1. Problem
10.7.2. Solution
10.7.3. Discussion
10.7.4. See Also
10.8. Skipping Selected Return Values
10.8.1. Problem
10.8.2. Solution
10.8.3. Discussion
10.8.4. See Also
10.9. Returning More Than One Array or Hash
10.9.1. Problem
10.9.2. Solution
10.9.3. Discussion
10.9.4. See Also
10.10. Returning Failure
10.10.1. Problem
10.10.2. Solution
10.10.3. Discussion
10.10.4. See Also
10.11. Prototyping Functions
10.11.1. Problem
10.11.2. Solution
10.11.3. Discussion
10.11.3.1. Omitting parentheses
10.11.3.2. Mimicking built-ins
10.11.4. See Also
10.12. Handling Exceptions
10.12.1. Problem
10.12.2. Solution
10.12.3. Discussion
10.12.4. See Also
10.13. Saving Global Values
10.13.1. Problem
10.13.2. Solution
10.13.3. Discussion
10.13.3.1. Using local( ) for temporary values for globals
10.13.3.2. Using local( ) for local handles
10.13.3.3. Using local( ) on parts of aggregates
10.13.4. See Also
10.14. Redefining a Function
10.14.1. Problem
10.14.2. Solution
10.14.3. Discussion
10.14.4. See Also
10.15. Trapping Undefined Function Calls with AUTOLOAD
10.15.1. Problem
10.15.2. Solution
10.15.3. Discussion
10.15.4. See Also
10.16. Nesting Subroutines
10.16.1. Problem
10.16.2. Solution
10.16.3. Discussion
10.16.4. See Also
10.17. Writing a Switch Statement
10.17.1. Problem
10.17.2. Solution
10.17.3. Discussion
10.17.4. See Also
10.18. Program: Sorting Your Mail
10.18.1. See Also
11. References and Records
Introduction
References
Anonymous Data
Records
See Also
11.1. Taking References to Arrays
11.1.1. Problem
11.1.2. Solution
11.1.3. Discussion
11.1.4. See Also
11.2. Making Hashes of Arrays
11.2.1. Problem
11.2.2. Solution
11.2.3. Discussion
11.2.4. See Also
11.3. Taking References to Hashes
11.3.1. Problem
11.3.2. Solution
11.3.3. Discussion
11.3.4. See Also
11.4. Taking References to Functions
11.4.1. Problem
11.4.2. Solution
11.4.3. Discussion
11.4.4. See Also
11.5. Taking References to Scalars
11.5.1. Problem
11.5.2. Solution
11.5.3. Discussion
11.5.4. See Also
11.6. Creating Arrays of Scalar References
11.6.1. Problem
11.6.2. Solution
11.6.3. Discussion
11.6.4. See Also
11.7. Using Closures Instead of Objects
11.7.1. Problem
11.7.2. Solution
11.7.3. Discussion
11.7.4. See Also
11.8. Creating References to Methods
11.8.1. Problem
11.8.2. Solution
11.8.3. Discussion
11.8.4. See Also
11.9. Constructing Records
11.9.1. Problem
11.9.2. Solution
11.9.3. Discussion
11.9.4. See Also
11.10. Reading and Writing Hash Records to Text Files
11.10.1. Problem
11.10.2. Solution
11.10.3. Discussion
11.10.4. See Also
11.11. Printing Data Structures
11.11.1. Problem
11.11.2. Solution
11.11.3. Discussion
11.11.4. See Also
11.12. Copying Data Structures
11.12.1. Problem
11.12.2. Solution
11.12.3. Discussion
11.12.4. See Also
11.13. Storing Data Structures to Disk
11.13.1. Problem
11.13.2. Solution
11.13.3. Discussion
11.13.4. See Also
11.14. Transparently Persistent Data Structures
11.14.1. Problem
11.14.2. Solution
11.14.3. Discussion
11.14.4. See Also
11.15. Coping with Circular Data Structures Using Weak References
11.15.1. Problem
11.15.2. Solution
11.15.3. Description
11.15.4. See Also
11.16. Program: Outlines
11.17. Program: Binary Trees
12. Packages, Libraries, and Modules
Introduction
Modules
Import/Export Regulations
Other Kinds of Library Files
Not Reinventing the Wheel
See Also
12.1. Defining a Module's Interface
12.1.1. Problem
12.1.2. Solution
12.1.3. Discussion
12.1.4. See Also
12.2. Trapping Errors in require or use
12.2.1. Problem
12.2.2. Solution
12.2.3. Discussion
12.2.4. See Also
12.3. Delaying use Until Runtime
12.3.1. Problem
12.3.2. Solution
12.3.3. Discussion
12.3.4. See Also
12.4. Making Variables Private to a Module
12.4.1. Problem
12.4.2. Solution
12.4.3. Discussion
12.4.4. See Also
12.5. Making Functions Private to a Module
12.5.1. Problem
12.5.2. Solution
12.5.3. Discussion
12.5.4. See Also
12.6. Determining the Caller's Package
12.6.1. Problem
12.6.2. Solution
12.6.3. Discussion
12.6.4. See Also
12.7. Automating Module Cleanup
12.7.1. Problem
12.7.2. Solution
12.7.3. Discussion
12.7.4. See Also
12.8. Keeping Your Own Module Directory
12.8.1. Problem
12.8.2. Solution
12.8.3. Discussion
12.8.4. See Also
12.9. Preparing a Module for Distribution
12.9.1. Problem
12.9.2. Solution
12.9.3. Discussion
12.9.4. See Also
12.10. Speeding Module Loading with SelfLoader
12.10.1. Problem
12.10.2. Solution
12.10.3. Discussion
12.10.4. See Also
12.11. Speeding Up Module Loading with Autoloader
12.11.1. Problem
12.11.2. Solution
12.11.3. Discussion
12.11.4. See Also
12.12. Overriding Built-in Functions
12.12.1. Problem
12.12.2. Solution
12.12.3. Discussion
12.12.4. See Also
12.13. Overriding a Built-in Function in All Packages
12.13.1. Problem
12.13.2. Solution
12.13.3. Discussion
12.13.4. See Also
12.14. Reporting Errors and Warnings Like Built-ins
12.14.1. Problem
12.14.2. Solution
12.14.3. Discussion
12.14.4. See Also
12.15. Customizing Warnings
12.15.1. Problem
12.15.2. Solution
12.15.3. Discussion
12.15.4. See Also
12.16. Referring to Packages Indirectly
12.16.1. Problem
12.16.2. Solution
12.16.3. Discussion
12.16.4. See Also
12.17. Using h2ph to Translate C #include Files
12.17.1. Problem
12.17.2. Solution
12.17.3. Discussion
12.17.4. See Also
12.18. Using h2xs to Make a Module with C Code
12.18.1. Problem
12.18.2. Solution
12.18.3. Discussion
12.18.4. See Also
12.19. Writing Extensions in C with Inline::C
12.19.1. Problem
12.19.2. Solution
12.19.3. Discussion
12.19.4. See Also
12.20. Documenting Your Module with Pod
12.20.1. Problem
12.20.2. Solution
12.20.3. Discussion
12.20.4. See Also
12.21. Building and Installing a CPAN Module
12.21.1. Problem
12.21.2. Solution
12.21.3. Discussion
12.21.4. See Also
12.22. Example: Module Template
12.23. Program: Finding Versions and Descriptions of Installed Modules
13. Classes, Objects, and Ties
Introduction
Under the Hood
Methods
Inheritance
A Warning on Indirect Object Notation
Some Notes on Object Terminology
Philosophical Aside
See Also
13.1. Constructing an Object
13.1.1. Problem
13.1.2. Solution
13.1.3. Discussion
13.1.4. See Also
13.2. Destroying an Object
13.2.1. Problem
13.2.2. Solution
13.2.3. Discussion
13.2.4. See Also
13.3. Managing Instance Data
13.3.1. Problem
13.3.2. Solution
13.3.3. Discussion
13.3.4. See Also
13.4. Managing Class Data
13.4.1. Problem
13.4.2. Solution
13.4.3. Discussion
13.4.4. See Also
13.5. Using Classes as Structs
13.5.1. Problem
13.5.2. Solution
13.5.3. Discussion
13.5.4. See Also
13.6. Cloning Constructors
13.6.1. Problem
13.6.2. Solution
13.6.3. Discussion
13.6.4. See Also
13.7. Copy Constructors
13.7.1. Problem
13.7.2. Solution
13.7.3. Discussion
13.7.4. See Also
13.8. Invoking Methods Indirectly
13.8.1. Problem
13.8.2. Solution
13.8.3. Discussion
13.8.4. See Also
13.9. Determining Subclass Membership
13.9.1. Problem
13.9.2. Solution
13.9.3. Discussion
13.9.4. See Also
13.10. Writing an Inheritable Class
13.10.1. Problem
13.10.2. Solution
13.10.3. Discussion
13.10.4. See Also
13.11. Accessing Overridden Methods
13.11.1. Problem
13.11.2. Solution
13.11.3. Discussion
13.11.4. See Also
13.12. Generating Attribute Methods Using AUTOLOAD
13.12.1. Problem
13.12.2. Solution
13.12.3. Discussion
13.12.4. See Also
13.13. Coping with Circular Data Structures Using Objects
13.13.1. Problem
13.13.2. Solution
13.13.3. Discussion
13.13.4. See Also
13.14. Overloading Operators
13.14.1. Problem
13.14.2. Solution
13.14.3. Discussion
13.14.4. Example: Overloaded StrNum Class
13.14.5. Example: Overloaded FixNum Class
13.14.6. See Also
13.15. Creating Magic Variables with tie
13.15.1. Problem
13.15.2. Solution
13.15.3. Discussion
13.15.4. Tie Example: Outlaw $_
13.15.5. Tie Example: Make a Hash That Always Appends
13.15.6. Tie Example: Case-Insensitive Hash
13.15.7. Tie Example: Hash That Allows Lookups by Key or Value
13.15.8. Tie Example: Handle That Counts Access
13.15.9. Tie Example: Multiple Sink Filehandles
13.15.10. See Also
14. Database Access
Introduction
14.1. Making and Using a DBM File
14.1.1. Problem
14.1.2. Solution
14.1.3. Discussion
14.1.4. See Also
14.2. Emptying a DBM File
14.2.1. Problem
14.2.2. Solution
14.2.3. Discussion
14.2.4. See Also
14.3. Converting Between DBM Files
14.3.1. Problem
14.3.2. Solution
14.3.3. Discussion
14.3.4. See Also
14.4. Merging DBM Files
14.4.1. Problem
14.4.2. Solution
14.4.3. Discussion
14.4.4. See Also
14.5. Sorting Large DBM Files
14.5.1. Problem
14.5.2. Solution
14.5.3. Description
14.5.4. See Also
14.6. Storing Complex Data in a DBM File
14.6.1. Problem
14.6.2. Solution
14.6.3. Discussion
14.6.4. See Also
14.7. Persistent Data
14.7.1. Problem
14.7.2. Solution
14.7.3. Discussion
14.7.4. See Also
14.8. Saving Query Results to Excel or CSV
14.8.1. Problem
14.8.2. Solution
14.8.3. Discussion
14.8.4. See Also
14.9. Executing an SQL Command Using DBI
14.9.1. Problem
14.9.2. Solution
14.9.3. Discussion
14.9.4. See Also
14.10. Escaping Quotes
14.10.1. Problem
14.10.2. Solution
14.10.3. Discussion
14.10.4. See Also
14.11. Dealing with Database Errors
14.11.1. Problem
14.11.2. Solution
14.11.3. Discussion
14.11.4. See Also
14.12. Repeating Queries Efficiently
14.12.1. Problem
14.12.2. Solution
14.12.3. Discussion
14.12.4. See Also
14.13. Building Queries Programmatically
14.13.1. Problem
14.13.2. Solution
14.13.3. Discussion
14.13.4. See Also
14.14. Finding the Number of Rows Returned by a Query
14.14.1. Problem
14.14.2. Solution
14.14.3. Discussion
14.14.4. See Also
14.15. Using Transactions
14.15.1. Problem
14.15.2. Solution
14.15.3. Discussion
14.15.4. See Also
14.16. Viewing Data One Page at a Time
14.16.1. Problem
14.16.2. Solution
14.16.3. Discussion
14.16.4. See Also
14.17. Querying a CSV File with SQL
14.17.1. Problem
14.17.2. Solution
14.17.3. Discussion
14.17.4. See Also
14.18. Using SQL Without a Database Server
14.18.1. Problem
14.18.2. Solution
14.18.3. Discussion
14.18.4. See Also
14.19. Program: ggh—Grep Netscape Global History
14.19.1. See Also
15. Interactivity
Introduction
15.1. Parsing Program Arguments
15.1.1. Problem
15.1.2. Solution
15.1.3. Discussion
15.1.4. See Also
15.2. Testing Whether a Program Is Running Interactively
15.2.1. Problem
15.2.2. Solution
15.2.3. Discussion
15.2.4. See Also
15.3. Clearing the Screen
15.3.1. Problem
15.3.2. Solution
15.3.3. Discussion
15.3.4. See Also
15.4. Determining Terminal or Window Size
15.4.1. Problem
15.4.2. Solution
15.4.3. Discussion
15.4.4. See Also
15.5. Changing Text Color
15.5.1. Problem
15.5.2. Solution
15.5.3. Discussion
15.5.4. See Also
15.6. Reading Single Characters from the Keyboard
15.6.1. Problem
15.6.2. Solution
15.6.3. Discussion
15.6.4. See Also
15.7. Ringing the Terminal Bell
15.7.1. Problem
15.7.2. Solution
15.7.3. Discussion
15.7.4. See Also
15.8. Using POSIX termios
15.8.1. Problem
15.8.2. Solution
15.8.3. Description
15.8.4. See Also
15.9. Checking for Waiting Input
15.9.1. Problem
15.9.2. Solution
15.9.3. Discussion
15.9.4. See Also
15.10. Reading Passwords
15.10.1. Problem
15.10.2. Solution
15.10.3. Discussion
15.10.4. See Also
15.11. Editing Input
15.11.1. Problem
15.11.2. Solution
15.11.3. Discussion
15.11.4. See Also
15.12. Managing the Screen
15.12.1. Problem
15.12.2. Solution
15.12.3. Description
15.12.4. See Also
15.13. Controlling Another Program with Expect
15.13.1. Problem
15.13.2. Solution
15.13.3. Discussion
15.13.4. See Also
15.14. Creating Menus with Tk
15.14.1. Problem
15.14.2. Solution
15.14.3. Discussion
15.14.4. See Also
15.15. Creating Dialog Boxes with Tk
15.15.1. Problem
15.15.2. Solution
15.15.3. Discussion
15.15.4. See Also
15.16. Responding to Tk Resize Events
15.16.1. Problem
15.16.2. Solution
15.16.3. Discussion
15.16.4. See Also
15.17. Removing the DOS Shell Window with Windows Perl/Tk
15.17.1. Problem
15.17.2. Solution
15.17.3. Description
15.17.4. See Also
15.18. Graphing Data
15.18.1. Problem
15.18.2. Solution
15.18.3. Discussion
15.18.4. See Also
15.19. Thumbnailing Images
15.19.1. Problem
15.19.2. Solution
15.19.3. Discussion
15.19.4. See Also
15.20. Adding Text to an Image
15.20.1. Problem
15.20.2. Solution
15.20.3. Discussion
15.20.4. See Also
15.21. Program: Small termcap Program
15.21.1. Description
15.21.2. See Also
15.22. Program: tkshufflepod
15.23. Program: graphbox
16. Process Management and Communication
Introduction
Process Creation
Signals
16.1. Gathering Output from a Program
16.1.1. Problem
16.1.2. Solution
16.1.3. Discussion
16.1.4. See Also
16.2. Running Another Program
16.2.1. Problem
16.2.2. Solution
16.2.3. Discussion
16.2.4. See Also
16.3. Replacing the Current Program with a Different One
16.3.1. Problem
16.3.2. Solution
16.3.3. Discussion
16.3.4. See Also
16.4. Reading or Writing to Another Program
16.4.1. Problem
16.4.2. Solution
16.4.3. Discussion
16.4.4. See Also
16.5. Filtering Your Own Output
16.5.1. Problem
16.5.2. Solution
16.5.3. Discussion
16.5.4. See Also
16.6. Preprocessing Input
16.6.1. Problem
16.6.2. Solution
16.6.3. Discussion
16.6.4. See Also
16.7. Reading STDERR from a Program
16.7.1. Problem
16.7.2. Solution
16.7.3. Discussion
16.7.4. See Also
16.8. Controlling Input and Output of Another Program
16.8.1. Problem
16.8.2. Solution
16.8.3. Discussion
16.8.4. See Also
16.9. Controlling the Input, Output, and Error of Another Program
16.9.1. Problem
16.9.2. Solution
16.9.3. Discussion
16.9.4. See Also
16.10. Communicating Between Related Processes
16.10.1. Problem
16.10.2. Solution
16.10.3. Discussion
16.10.4. See Also
16.11. Making a Process Look Like a File with Named Pipes
16.11.1. Problem
16.11.2. Solution
16.11.3. Discussion
16.11.4. See Also
16.12. Sharing Variables in Different Processes
16.12.1. Problem
16.12.2. Solution
16.12.3. Discussion
16.12.4. See Also
16.13. Listing Available Signals
16.13.1. Problem
16.13.2. Solution
16.13.3. Discussion
16.13.4. See Also
16.14. Sending a Signal
16.14.1. Problem
16.14.2. Solution
16.14.3. Discussion
16.14.4. See Also
16.15. Installing a Signal Handler
16.15.1. Problem
16.15.2. Solution
16.15.3. Discussion
16.15.4. See Also
16.16. Temporarily Overriding a Signal Handler
16.16.1. Problem
16.16.2. Solution
16.16.3. Discussion
16.16.4. See Also
16.17. Writing a Signal Handler
16.17.1. Problem
16.17.2. Solution
16.17.3. Discussion
16.17.4. See Also
16.18. Catching Ctrl-C
16.18.1. Problem
16.18.2. Solution
16.18.3. Discussion
16.18.4. See Also
16.19. Avoiding Zombie Processes
16.19.1. Problem
16.19.2. Solution
16.19.3. Discussion
16.19.4. See Also
16.20. Blocking Signals
16.20.1. Problem
16.20.2. Solution
16.20.3. Discussion
16.20.4. See Also
16.21. Timing Out an Operation
16.21.1. Problem
16.21.2. Solution
16.21.3. Discussion
16.21.4. See Also
16.22. Turning Signals into Fatal Errors
16.22.1. Problem
16.22.2. Solution
16.22.3. Discussion
16.22.4. See Also
16.23. Program: sigrand
17. Sockets
Introduction
17.1. Writing a TCP Client
17.1.1. Problem
17.1.2. Solution
17.1.3. Discussion
17.1.4. See Also
17.2. Writing a TCP Server
17.2.1. Problem
17.2.2. Solution
17.2.3. Discussion
17.2.4. See Also
17.3. Communicating over TCP
17.3.1. Problem
17.3.2. Solution
17.3.3. Discussion
17.3.4. See Also
17.4. Setting Up a UDP Client
17.4.1. Problem
17.4.2. Solution
17.4.3. Discussion
17.4.4. See Also
17.5. Setting Up a UDP Server
17.5.1. Problem
17.5.2. Solution
17.5.3. Discussion
17.5.4. See Also
17.6. Using Unix Domain Sockets
17.6.1. Problem
17.6.2. Solution
17.6.3. Discussion
17.6.4. See Also
17.7. Identifying the Other End of a Socket
17.7.1. Problem
17.7.2. Solution
17.7.3. Discussion
17.7.4. See Also
17.8. Finding Your Own Name and Address
17.8.1. Problem
17.8.2. Solution
17.8.3. Discussion
17.8.4. See Also
17.9. Closing a Socket After Forking
17.9.1. Problem
17.9.2. Solution
17.9.3. Discussion
17.9.4. See Also
17.10. Writing Bidirectional Clients
17.10.1. Problem
17.10.2. Solution
17.10.3. Discussion
17.10.4. See Also
17.11. Forking Servers
17.11.1. Problem
17.11.2. Solution
17.11.3. Discussion
17.11.4. See Also
17.12. Pre-Forking Servers
17.12.1. Problem
17.12.2. Solution
17.12.3. Discussion
17.12.4. See Also
17.13. Non-Forking Servers
17.13.1. Problem
17.13.2. Solution
17.13.3. Discussion
17.13.4. See Also
17.14. Multitasking Server with Threads
17.14.1. Problem
17.14.2. Solution
17.14.3. Discussion
17.14.4. See Also
17.15. Writing a Multitasking Server with POE
17.15.1. Problem
17.15.2. Solution
17.15.3. Solution
17.15.4. See Also
17.16. Writing a Multihomed Server
17.16.1. Problem
17.16.2. Solution
17.16.3. Discussion
17.16.4. See Also
17.17. Making a Daemon Server
17.17.1. Problem
17.17.2. Solution
17.17.3. Discussion
17.17.4. See Also
17.18. Restarting a Server on Demand
17.18.1. Problem
17.18.2. Solution
17.18.3. Discussion
17.18.4. See Also
17.19. Managing Multiple Streams of Input
17.19.1. Problem
17.19.2. Solution
17.19.3. Discussion
17.19.4. See Also
17.20. Program: backsniff
17.21. Program: fwdport
17.21.1. See Also
18. Internet Services
Introduction
18.1. Simple DNS Lookups
18.1.1. Problem
18.1.2. Solution
18.1.3. Discussion
18.1.4. See Also
18.2. Being an FTP Client
18.2.1. Problem
18.2.2. Solution
18.2.3. Discussion
18.2.4. See Also
18.3. Sending Mail
18.3.1. Problem
18.3.2. Solution
18.3.3. Discussion
18.3.4. See Also
18.4. Reading and Posting Usenet News Messages
18.4.1. Problem
18.4.2. Solution
18.4.3. Discussion
18.4.4. See Also
18.5. Reading Mail with POP3
18.5.1. Problem
18.5.2. Solution
18.5.3. Discussion
18.5.4. See Also
18.6. Simulating Telnet from a Program
18.6.1. Problem
18.6.2. Solution
18.6.3. Discussion
18.6.4. See Also
18.7. Pinging a Machine
18.7.1. Problem
18.7.2. Solution
18.7.3. Discussion
18.7.4. See Also
18.8. Accessing an LDAP Server
18.8.1. Problem
18.8.2. Solution
18.8.3. Discussion
18.8.4. See Also
18.9. Sending Attachments in Mail
18.9.1. Problem
18.9.2. Solution
18.9.3. Discussion
18.9.4. See Also
18.10. Extracting Attachments from Mail
18.10.1. Problem
18.10.2. Solution
18.10.3. Discussion
18.10.4. See Also
18.11. Writing an XML-RPC Server
18.11.1. Problem
18.11.2. Solution
18.11.3. Discussion
18.11.4. See Also
18.12. Writing an XML-RPC Client
18.12.1. Problem
18.12.2. Solution
18.12.3. Discussion
18.12.4. See Also
18.13. Writing a SOAP Server
18.13.1. Problem
18.13.2. Solution
18.13.3. Discussion
18.13.4. See Also
18.14. Writing a SOAP Client
18.14.1. Problem
18.14.2. Solution
18.14.3. Discussion
18.14.4. See Also
18.15. Program: rfrm
18.16. Program: expn and vrfy
19. CGI Programming
Introduction
Architecture
Behind the Scenes
Security
HTML and Forms
Web-Related Resources
19.1. Writing a CGI Script
19.1.1. Problem
19.1.2. Solution
19.1.3. Discussion
19.1.4. See Also
19.2. Redirecting Error Messages
19.2.1. Problem
19.2.2. Solution
19.2.3. Discussion
19.2.4. See Also
19.3. Fixing a 500 Server Error
19.3.1. Problem
19.3.2. Solution
19.3.3. Discussion
19.3.3.1. Make sure the web server can run the script
19.3.3.2. Make sure the script has permissions to do what it's trying to do
19.3.3.3. Is the script valid Perl?
19.3.3.4. Is the script upholding its end of the CGI protocol?
19.3.3.5. Asking for help elsewhere
19.3.4. See Also
19.4. Writing a Safe CGI Program
19.4.1. Problem
19.4.2. Solution
19.4.3. Discussion
19.4.4. See Also
19.5. Executing Commands Without Shell Escapes
19.5.1. Problem
19.5.2. Solution
19.5.3. Discussion
19.5.4. See Also
19.6. Formatting Lists and Tables with HTML Shortcuts
19.6.1. Problem
19.6.2. Solution
19.6.3. Discussion
19.6.4. See Also
19.7. Redirecting to a Different Location
19.7.1. Problem
19.7.2. Solution
19.7.3. Discussion
19.7.4. See Also
19.8. Debugging the Raw HTTP Exchange
19.8.1. Problem
19.8.2. Solution
19.8.3. Discussion
19.8.4. See Also
19.9. Managing Cookies
19.9.1. Problem
19.9.2. Solution
19.9.3. Discussion
19.9.4. See Also
19.10. Creating Sticky Widgets
19.10.1. Problem
19.10.2. Solution
19.10.3. Discussion
19.10.4. See Also
19.11. Writing a Multiscreen CGI Script
19.11.1. Problem
19.11.2. Solution
19.11.3. Discussion
19.11.4. See Also
19.12. Saving a Form to a File or Mail Pipe
19.12.1. Problem
19.12.2. Solution
19.12.3. Discussion
19.12.4. See Also
19.13. Program: chemiserie
20. Web Automation
Introduction
20.1. Fetching a URL from a Perl Script
20.1.1. Problem
20.1.2. Solution
20.1.3. Discussion
20.1.4. See Also
20.2. Automating Form Submission
20.2.1. Problem
20.2.2. Solution
20.2.3. Discussion
20.2.4. See Also
20.3. Extracting URLs
20.3.1. Problem
20.3.2. Solution
20.3.3. Discussion
20.3.4. See Also
20.4. Converting ASCII to HTML
20.4.1. Problem
20.4.2. Solution
20.4.3. Discussion
20.4.4. See Also
20.5. Converting HTML to ASCII
20.5.1. Problem
20.5.2. Solution
20.5.3. Discussion
20.5.4. See Also
20.6. Extracting or Removing HTML Tags
20.6.1. Problem
20.6.2. Solution
20.6.3. Discussion
20.6.4. See Also
20.7. Finding Stale Links
20.7.1. Problem
20.7.2. Solution
20.7.3. Discussion
20.7.4. See Also
20.8. Finding Fresh Links
20.8.1. Problem
20.8.2. Solution
20.8.3. Discussion
20.8.4. See Also
20.9. Using Templates to Generate HTML
20.9.1. Problem
20.9.2. Solution
20.9.3. Discussion
20.9.4. See Also
20.10. Mirroring Web Pages
20.10.1. Problem
20.10.2. Solution
20.10.3. Discussion
20.10.4. See Also
20.11. Creating a Robot
20.11.1. Problem
20.11.2. Solution
20.11.3. Discussion
20.11.4. See Also
20.12. Parsing a Web Server Log File
20.12.1. Problem
20.12.2. Solution
20.12.3. Discussion
20.12.4. See Also
20.13. Processing Server Logs
20.13.1. Problem
20.13.2. Solution
20.13.3. Discussion
20.13.4. See Also
20.14. Using Cookies
20.14.1. Problem
20.14.2. Solution
20.14.3. Discussion
20.14.4. See Also
20.15. Fetching Password-Protected Pages
20.15.1. Problem
20.15.2. Solution
20.15.3. Discussion
20.15.4. See Also
20.16. Fetching https:// Web Pages
20.16.1. Problem
20.16.2. Solution
20.16.3. Discussion
20.16.4. See Also
20.17. Resuming an HTTP GET
20.17.1. Problem
20.17.2. Solution
20.17.3. Discussion
20.17.4. See Also
20.18. Parsing HTML
20.18.1. Problem
20.18.2. Solution
20.18.3. Discussion
20.18.4. See Also
20.19. Extracting Table Data
20.19.1. Problem
20.19.2. Solution
20.19.3. Discussion
20.19.4. See Also
20.20. Program: htmlsub
20.21. Program: hrefsub
21. mod_perl
Introduction
Handlers
Apache Phases
More Documentation
mod_perl 2
21.1. Authenticating
21.1.1. Problem
21.1.2. Solution
21.1.3. Description
21.1.4. See Also
21.2. Setting Cookies
21.2.1. Problem
21.2.2. Solution
21.2.3. Description
21.2.4. See Also
21.3. Accessing Cookie Values
21.3.1. Problem
21.3.2. Solution
21.3.3. Discussion
21.3.4. See Also
21.4. Redirecting the Browser
21.4.1. Problem
21.4.2. Solution
21.4.3. Discussion
21.4.4. See Also
21.5. Interrogating Headers
21.5.1. Problem
21.5.2. Solution
21.5.3. Discussion
21.5.4. See Also
21.6. Accessing Form Parameters
21.6.1. Problem
21.6.2. Solution
21.6.3. Discussion
21.6.4. See Also
21.7. Receiving Uploaded Files
21.7.1. Problem
21.7.2. Solution
21.7.3. Discussion
21.7.4. See Also
21.8. Speeding Up Database Access
21.8.1. Problem
21.8.2. Solution
21.8.3. Discussion
21.8.4. See Also
21.9. Customizing Apache's Logging
21.9.1. Problem
21.9.2. Solution
21.9.3. Discussion
21.9.4. See Also
21.10. Transparently Storing Information in URLs
21.10.1. Problem
21.10.2. Solution
21.10.3. Discussion
21.10.4. See Also
21.11. Communicating Between mod_perl and PHP
21.11.1. Problem
21.11.2. Solution
21.11.3. Discussion
21.11.4. See Also
21.12. Migrating from CGI to mod_perl
21.12.1. Problem
21.12.2. Solution
21.12.3. Discussion
21.12.4. See Also
21.13. Sharing Information Between Handlers
21.13.1. Problem
21.13.2. Solution
21.13.3. Discussion
21.13.4. See Also
21.14. Reloading Changed Modules
21.14.1. Problem
21.14.2. Solution
21.14.3. Discussion
21.14.4. See Also
21.15. Benchmarking a mod_perl Application
21.15.1. Problem
21.15.2. Solution
21.15.3. Discussion
21.15.4. See Also
21.16. Templating with HTML::Mason
21.16.1. Problem
21.16.2. Solution
21.16.3. Discussion
21.16.3.1. Configuration
21.16.3.2. Basic Mason syntax
21.16.3.3. Objects
21.16.3.4. Autohandlers
21.16.3.5. Dhandlers
21.16.4. See Also
21.17. Templating with Template Toolkit
21.17.1. Problem
21.17.2. Solution
21.17.3. Discussion
21.17.3.1. Configuration
21.17.3.2. Syntax
21.17.3.3. Perl code
21.17.3.4. Data structures
21.17.3.5. Subroutines
21.17.3.6. Including other templates
21.17.3.7. Parameters
21.17.3.8. Plug-ins
21.17.4. See Also
22. XML
Introduction
Syntax
XML Declaration
Processing Instructions
Comments
CDATA
Well-Formed XML
Schemas
Namespaces
Transformations
Paths
History of Perl and XML
Further Reading
22.1. Parsing XML into Data Structures
22.1.1. Problem
22.1.2. Solution
22.1.3. Discussion
22.1.4. See Also
22.2. Parsing XML into a DOM Tree
22.2.1. Problem
22.2.2. Solution
22.2.3. Discussion
22.2.4. See Also
22.3. Parsing XML into SAX Events
22.3.1. Problem
22.3.2. Solution
22.3.3. Discussion
22.3.4. See Also
22.4. Making Simple Changes to Elements or Text
22.4.1. Problem
22.4.2. Solution
22.4.3. Discussion
22.4.4. See Also
22.5. Validating XML
22.5.1. Problem
22.5.2. Solution
22.5.3. Discussion
22.5.4. See Also
22.6. Finding Elements and Text Within an XML Document
22.6.1. Problem
22.6.2. Solution
22.6.3. Discussion
22.6.4. See Also
22.7. Processing XML Stylesheet Transformations
22.7.1. Problem
22.7.2. Solution
22.7.3. Discussion
22.7.4. See Also
22.8. Processing Files Larger Than Available Memory
22.8.1. Problem
22.8.2. Solution
22.8.3. Discussion
22.8.4. See Also
22.9. Reading and Writing RSS Files
22.9.1. Problem
22.9.2. Solution
22.9.3. Discussion
22.9.4. See Also
22.10. Writing XML
22.10.1. Problem
22.10.2. Solution
22.10.3. Discussion
22.10.4. See Also
About the Authors
Colophon
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