Research for Evidence-Based Practice in Healthcare by Newell, Robert, Burnard, Philip -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright List of Common Research Terms SECTION 1: CONTEXTUAL MATERIALS

1: Introduction to Healthcare Research for Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction The scope of healthcare research Whose business is research in healthcare? Using this book to get involved in healthcare research The chapters Notes on person and gender

2: The Research Process - Organising Your Research

Introduction The title The abstract Aims and objectives A review of the literature The sample Measures and materials Data collection Data analysis Ethical issues Financial issues Writing the report Publishing the findings Timetable Other issues Organising your own research

3: Choosing Methodological Approaches

Introduction When is a methodological approach fit for purpose? Two different approaches to knowledge Different broad methodological approaches and their appropriateness What sorts of questions for what general approaches? Do we need to do research at all?

4: Searching the Literature

Introduction Purpose of literature searches Systematic reviews Search process Designing a search strategy Components of a search strategy Retrieval and inclusion criteria Resources Reporting your search

5: Ethics of Healthcare Research

Introduction Ethics and patient and public involvement in research Ethics committees and research governance What can you do?

6: Basic Concepts: Sampling, Reliability and Validity

Sampling in research Samples and populations Sampling as an everyday pursuit Samples and representativeness Validity and reliability Validity, reliability and sampling Horses for courses

SECTION 2: QUALITATIVE APPROACHES

7: Issues in Qualitative Data Collection

Introduction Sampling for qualitative research Could qualitative researchers use randomised samples? Interviews and focus groups Semi-structured interviews Unstructured interviews Other issues concerning interviews Focus groups Transcription Problems with the interview method Questionnaires Observation Published work

8: Case Studies

Introduction The case study as ‘illustration’ The case study as a research method Drawbacks Endnote

9: Ethnography

Introduction The stages of an ethnographic study General methods used in ethnographic research What should be observed? Analysis

10: Phenomenology

Introduction Philosophical background Applications Methods

11: A Pragmatic Approach to Qualitative Data Analysis

Introduction Grounded theory Thematic content analysis A pragmatic approach to schematic content analysis Conclusion

12: Limitations of Qualitative Research

Introduction Reliability and validity Generalisability The nature of human beings Data analysis

SECTION 3: QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES

13: Sampling, Reliability and Validity Issues in Data Collection and Analysis

Introduction Representativeness, fairness and random sampling Stratification Cluster sampling Quota samples Systematic samples Convenience/accidental samples Sampling, representativeness and external validity Internal validity Reliability Reliability of measures Validity of measures Conclusion

14: Cause and Effect, Hypothesis Testing and Estimation

Introduction Cause and effect relationships in daily life Examining cause and effect in healthcare Variables Hypotheses Experimental and null hypotheses Directional and non-directional hypotheses Grounds for rejecting and accepting hypotheses Power to reject the experimental hypothesis Estimation Exercises

15: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Approaches

Introduction True experiments Quasi-experimental designs Repeated measures approaches Interrupted time series analysis Independent groups designs Control group time series designs Matched pairs designs Factorial studies Conclusion

16: The Single Case Experiment

Single case experiments have good internal validity but poor external validity.What is a single case experimental design? Why SCEDs The value of SCEDs SCEDs in clinical practice Types of SCED Measurement and quantification The AB design The ABAB design The ABAC design Multiple baseline designs Data analysis of single case experiments Shortcomings of SCEDs Conclusion

17: Randomised Controlled Trials

Introduction What is an RCT? Explanatory versus pragmatic trials

18: Non-Experimental Approaches

Introduction Descriptive designs Causal comparative designs (comparative designs/ex post facto designs) Case–control studies Cohort studies Correlational designs Correlation and prediction

19: Surveys

Introduction Background issues in survey research Instrument design and question construction Administration Conclusion

20: The Role of Statistics

Why do I need to know about statistical tests? What are statistics for Basic ideas: visual displays, levels of data and statistics Descriptive statistics Normal distribution Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests Inferential statistics Designs and statistics Estimation and confidence intervals Is this really all I need to know?

SECTION 4: APPRAISAL, DISSEMINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

21: Evidence-Based Practice and Clinical Effectiveness

Evidence and clinical practice What are EBP and clinical effectiveness? The process of EBP in practice Question formulation Finding the evidence Appraising the evidence Applying the evidence Evaluating one’s own performance The nature of evidence to support practice Criticisms of EBP

22: Critical Evaluation of Research Reports

Introduction Reading the paper Conclusion

23: Writing a Research Report

Introduction Help the reader General structure of the report Basic style tips

24: Getting Research into Practice

Introduction The nature of the change process Effectiveness of interventions to get research into practice Barriers to implementation Creating clinical guidelines: a change strategy in your organisation? And finally...

Appendix 1: Research Log Appendix 2: List of Useful Websites (In Order of Citation) Index

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